A study of the use of structured reasoning frameworks for improving students' reasoning quality
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Learning and Teaching: an international journal in classroom pedagogy Vol. 1, no. 1 (2008), p. 71-90
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003006498
A web-based Narrative construction environment
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew , Osman, Deanna
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at NILE 2008: 5th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, Edinburgh, Scotland : 6th-8th August 2008 p. 78-81
- Full Text:
- Description: This paper describes a web-based environment for constructing narrative from story snippets contributed by a community of interest. The underlying model uses an argument based structure to infer the next event in the narrative sequence. The approach makes use of both events and higher level story elements derived from Polti’s dramatic situations. Dramatic situations used are consistent with a theme, and events are generally constrained by the dramatic situation. The narrative generated is a function of the event history, the dramatic situations chosen and the plausible inferences about next events that are contributed by a community of interest in the theme. At this stage, a player’s actions are simulated using a random selection from a set and the implementation of a nonsense filter. Example outputs from the system are provided and discussed.
- Description: 2003006499
AWSum - applying data mining in a health care scenario
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Jelinek, Herbert , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP 2008, Sydney, New South Wales : 15th-18th December 2008 p. 291-296
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- Description: This paper investigates the application of a new data mining algorithm called Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), to diabetes screening data to explore its use in providing researchers with new insight into the disease and secondarily to explore the potential the algorithm has for the generation of prognostic models for clinical use. There are many data mining classifiers that produce high levels of predictive accuracy but their application to health research and clinical applications is limited because they are complex, produce results that are difficult to interpret and are difficult to integrate with current knowledge and practises. This is because most focus on accuracy at the expense of informing the user as to the influences that lead to their classification results. By providing this information on influences a researcher can be pointed to new potentially interesting avenues for investigation. AWSum measures influence by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on a class value relative to other class values. The results produced, although on limited data, indicated the approach has potential uses for research and has some characteristics that may be useful in the future development of prognostic models.
- Description: 2003006660
AWSum - Data mining for insight
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Hafen, Gaudenz
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) Vol. 5139 LNAI, no. (8 October 2008 through 10 October 2008 2008), p. 524-531
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Many classifiers achieve high levels of accuracy but have limited use in real world problems because they provide little insight into data sets, are difficult to interpret and require expertise to use. In areas such as health informatics not only do analysts require accurate classifications but they also want some insight into the influences on the classification. This can then be used to direct research and formulate interventions. This research investigates the practical applications of Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), a classifier that gives accuracy comparable to other techniques whist providing insight into the data. AWSum achieves this by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on the class value. The merits of AWSum in classification and insight are tested on a Cystic Fibrosis dataset with positive results. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Description: 2003006692
AWSum -Combining classification with knowledge acquisition
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Hafen, Gaudenz , Jelinek, Herbert
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Software and Informatics Vol. 2, no. 2 (2008), p. 199-214
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Many classifiers achieve high levels of accuracy but have limited applicability in real world situations because they do not lead to a greater understanding or insight into the way features influence the classification. In areas such as health informatics a classifier that clearly identifies the influences on classification can be used to direct research and formulate interventions. This research investigates the practical aplications of Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), a classifier that provides accuracy comparable to other techniques whist providing insight into the data. This is achieved by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on the class value. The merits of this approach in classification and insight are evaluated on a Cystic Fibrosis and diabetes datasets with positive results.
Dramatic level analysis for interactive narrative
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at NILE 2008: 5th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, Edinburgh, Scotland : 6th-8th August 2008 p. 17-22
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- Description: In interactive 3D narratives, a user’s narrative emerges through interactions with the system and embodied agencies (characters) mediated through the 3D environment. We present a methodology that identifies and measures four factors in interactive narrative where agency is present. We describe a technique for measuring drama, agency and engagement and compare the centrality of a designed interactive narrative with the emergent participatory narrative. This methodology has application as an analytic device for any interactive narrative where agency is fundamental. The adoption of the FrameNet semantic resource and the interpretation of interaction in narrative, situate this work in the domain of 3D interactive narratives, mixed and augmented realities and polymorphic narratives that cross forms of media.
- Description: 2003006540
Enhancing learning outcomes with an interactive knowledge-based learning environment providing narrative feedback
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Interactive Learning Environments Vol. 16, no. 3 (2008), p. 265-281
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper describes a narrative-based interactive learning environment which aims to elucidate reasoning using interactive scenarios that may be used in training novices in decision-making. Its design is based on an approach to generating narrative from knowledge that has been modelled in specific decision/reasoning domains. The approach uses a narrative model that is guided partially by inference and contextual information contained in the particular knowledge representation used, the generic/actual argument model of structured reasoning. The approach is described with examples in the area of critical care nursing training. A study of the effectiveness of this approach on learning outcomes was conducted with final year nursing students and provides evidence of improved learning outcomes.
- Description: C1
Explicit representations of reasoning to support deliberation within groups
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Mays, Heather
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text: false
- Description: In practice, the reasoning that underpins problem solving and decision making is rarely performed by an individual in isolation from others but involves a communicative exchanges between participants in a community that can range in size from two to many thousands. Dialogue theories describe patterns in dialogues comprising many dialectical exchanges and often advance deliberation, the kind of dialogue that ensues when participants actively seek to understand all views and collectively arrive at the rationally optimal solution. This study reports on the use of argument maps for structuring reasoning by groups of secondary students. The study aimed to discover whether different maps facilitate deliberation and enhance understanding of the issues by providing an explicit representation of reasoning. An explicit representation of reasoning is a model that encapsulates all relevant claims, evidence, statutes and principles pertinent to an issue. Schemes that have been used to provide explicit representations of reasoning include the Issue Based Information System (IBIS) map, variants of the Toulmin argument structure (TAS) and other knowledge representation schemes used for intelligent computational systems. Results indicate that an explicit representation of reasoning facilitates a depth of understanding of complex issues and there is some indication that the deliberative quality of discussions is enhanced depending on the level of abstraction of the map. Copyright © 2008 COSI.
- Description: 2003006482
Toward computer mediated elicitation of a community's core values for sustainable decision making
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Afshar, Faye
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 11th Annual Australian Conference on Knowledge Management and Intelligent Decision Support ACKMIDS 2008 p. 1-14
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Classification for accuracy and insight : A weighted sum approach
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Sixth Australasian Data Mining Conference, AusDM 2007, Gold Coast, Queensland, Victoria : 3rd-4th December 2007 p. 203-208
- Full Text:
- Description: This research presents a classifier that aims to provide insight into a dataset in addition to achieving classification accuracies comparable to other algorithms. The classifier called, Automated Weighted Sum (AWSum) uses a weighted sum approach where feature values are assigned weights that are summed and compared to a threshold in order to classify an example. Though naive, this approach is scalable, achieves accurate classifications on standard datasets and also provides a degree of insight. By insight we mean that the technique provides an appreciation of the influence a feature value has on class values, relative to each other. AWSum provides a focus on the feature value space that allows the technique to identify feature values and combinations of feature values that are sensitive and important for a classification. This is particularly useful in fields such as medicine where this sort of micro-focus and understanding is critical in classification.
- Description: 2003005504
Dramatic flow in interactive 3D narrative
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Fourth Australiasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, IE2007, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria : 3rd-5th December 2007
- Full Text:
- Description: The concept of dramatic level is crucial for a model of dramatic flow. We present a framework to maintain optimal dramatic flow in an interactive 3D environment where both linear and emergent narratives co-exist. Unlike all other interactive narrative prototypes the framework advanced focuses on the optimal dramatic flow of the emerging user narrative so that although fragmented, it can be engaging and make sense. Using a sample narrative from Ovid’s Metamorphoses [18] we demonstrate a method to evaluate dramatic levels as plot points so that movement across narratives retains a strong dramatic flow. Although users may never choose to explore any given linear narrative in its entirety, the result is an engaging and rich narrative experience.
- Description: 2003004706
Narrative-based interactive learning environments from modelling reasoning
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Educational Technology and Society Vol. 10, no. 3 (2007), p. 192-208
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Narrative and story telling has a long history of use in structuring, organising and communicating human experience. This paper describes a narrative based interactive intelligent learning environment which aims to elucidate practical reasoning using interactive emergent narratives that can be used in training novices in decision making. Its design is based on an approach to generating narrative from knowledge that has been modelled in specific decision/reasoning domains. The approach uses a narrative model that is guided partially by inference and contextual information contained in the particular knowledge representation used, the Generic/Actual argument model of structured reasoning. The approach is described with examples in the area of critical care nursing training and positive learning outcomes are reported. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS).
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002522
A Tool for Assisting Group Decision-Making for Consensus Outcomes in Organizations
- Authors: Afshar, Faye , Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: E-Supply Chain Technologies and Management p. 316-343
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
An interaction framework for scenario-based three dimensional environments
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at IE 2006, the 3rd Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Perth : 4th December, 2006
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Although popular and engaging, three dimensional environments are rarely deployed to depict strong narratives involving complex characters engaged in reasoning. The design of three dimensional environments rich in narrative and character depth can be facilitated with a detailed representation of interactions between characters. However, the representation of interaction in current 3D development environments such as game engines is quite basic. This work advances a scheme for representing interactions that integrates a representation of semantics from linguistics called FrameNet with conceptualizations of drama and narrative by Georges Polti and Joseph Campbell. The resulting interaction frame facilitates the design of 3D environments by providing designers rich, yet standard elements that include spatial and temporal data, with which to represent complex interactions in 3D environments. This has application for the authoring of dynamically generated interactive narrative environments.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001839
The generic/actual argument model of practical reasoning
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Decision Support Systems Vol. 41, no. 2 (2006), p. 358-379
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this paper, we present a model of reasoning called the generic/actual argument model (GAAM). Reasoning within a discursive community can be represented with this model so that participant claims can be accommodated without recourse to combative metaphors such as attack or defeat. The model facilitates the comprehension of complex reasoning for humans as well as being a computational representation for machine modelling of reasoning. As such, the model naturally integrates machine inferences with human. The model has been the basis for the development of practical systems to support reasoning and deliberation in areas of law and organizational decision making. Here, we present a formal description of the model and identify some of its characteristics. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001594
A scenario-based learning environment for critical care nursing
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at HIC 2005: Thirteenth National Health Informatic Conference, 31 July-2 August 2005, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne : 31st July, 2005
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Narrative or story telling has long been used to structure and organise human experience. In contrast to logical models of reasoning, narrative models enable complex situations to be understood and recalled by humans readily. In this work a narrative model is integrated into a logical reasoning model for the purpose of advancing a learning environment that promises to be engaging and effective. The narrative model includes a representation of the point of a story and a simple story grammar. The logical reasoning model is based on an argumentation model. The learning environment is designed to enable the automated generation of plausible scenarios that involves an intensive care unit nurse responding to a low oxygen level alarm.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001434
Structured reasoning to support deliberative dialogue
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3681: Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 9th International Conference, KES 2005, Melbourne, Australia, September 2005, Proceedings, Part 1 Vol. 1, no. (2005), p. 283-289
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Deliberative dialogue is a form of dialogue that involves participants advancing claims and, without power plays or posturing, deliberating on the claims of others until a consensus decision is reached. This paper describes a deliberative support system to facilitate and encourage participants to engage in a discussion deliberatively. A knowledge representation framework is deployed to generate a strong domain model of reasoning structure. The structure, coupled with a deliberative dialogue protocol results in a web based system that regulates a discussion to avoid combative, non-deliberative exchanges. The system has been designed for online dispute resolution between husband and wife in divorce proceedings involving property.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001381
The integration of narrative and argumentation for a scenario-based learning environment in law
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, Bologna, Italy : 6th - 11th June, 2005
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Narrative or story telling has long been used to structure and organise human experience. In contrast to logical models of reasoning, narrative models enable complex situations to be understood and recalled by humans readily. There is also some indication that narrative models represent the way in which jurors weigh up the veracity of legal evidence. In this work a narrative model is integrated into a logical reasoning model for the purpose of advancing a learning environment that promises to be engaging and effective. The narrative model includes a representation of the point of a story and a simple story grammar. The learning environment is designed to enable the automated generation of plausible scenarios representing a variety of family law property division cases told from the point of view of numerous characters.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001432
Scenario-based learning environments
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at the Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments conference, NILE 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland : 10th August, 2004
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000832
Web-based decision support for structured reasoning in health
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Gervasoni, Susan , Garner, Susan , Deans, Cecil , Johnstone, Alistair
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Health Informatics Conference 2004 - Let's make a difference with health ICT, Brisbane, Queensland : 25th July, 2004
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Decision making processes in the health care setting are often complex, demanding of professionals and rapidly changing. Furthermore, there is increasing pressure for professionals to make reasoning transparent and consistent. Decision support technologies have not made a substantial contribution to these issues to date largely because knowledge is difficult to elicit and maintain and existing development tools are very sophisticated yet complex. In this study a method for representing complex and discretionary reasoning used successfully in law was applied to the task of modelling decision making processes that critical care nurses deploy in responding to a low oxygen alarm. The approach, based on decision and argument tree diagrams enables the rapid development of small scale, yet useful web based decision support systems.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000831