Impact of dementia literacy interventions for non-health-professionals: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Nguyen, Hoang, Phan, Hoang, Terry, Daniel, Doherty, Kathleen, McInerney, Fran
- Authors: Nguyen, Hoang , Phan, Hoang , Terry, Daniel , Doherty, Kathleen , McInerney, Fran
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Aging and Mental Health Vol. 26, no. 3 (2022), p. 442-456
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To assess evidence regarding the effects of interventions aimed at improving dementia literacy for different groups of non-health-professionals. Methods: A systematic search for relevant interventions was conducted using a range of online databases (e.g. CINAHL, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, and PsycINFO) and hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible interventions were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria. Meta analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: The final review included 14 interventions, which were either randomised controlled trials or non-randomised controlled trials. The interventions had varied contents, approaches, settings, and outcome measures. Evidence of improved dementia literacy in various aspects was found, and the intervention effects were strongest on knowledge of dementia. Discussion: There is evidence for the positive impact of dementia literacy interventions on different groups of non-health-professionals. Best practices in intervention contents, approaches, and outcome measures should be examined to guide future interventions. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Authors: Nguyen, Hoang , Phan, Hoang , Terry, Daniel , Doherty, Kathleen , McInerney, Fran
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Aging and Mental Health Vol. 26, no. 3 (2022), p. 442-456
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To assess evidence regarding the effects of interventions aimed at improving dementia literacy for different groups of non-health-professionals. Methods: A systematic search for relevant interventions was conducted using a range of online databases (e.g. CINAHL, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, and PsycINFO) and hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible interventions were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria. Meta analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: The final review included 14 interventions, which were either randomised controlled trials or non-randomised controlled trials. The interventions had varied contents, approaches, settings, and outcome measures. Evidence of improved dementia literacy in various aspects was found, and the intervention effects were strongest on knowledge of dementia. Discussion: There is evidence for the positive impact of dementia literacy interventions on different groups of non-health-professionals. Best practices in intervention contents, approaches, and outcome measures should be examined to guide future interventions. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Vigo, Cristian, Myller, Kyle, Sánchez, Adriano, Ayan, Carlos
- Authors: Vigo, Cristian , Myller, Kyle , Sánchez, Adriano , Ayan, Carlos
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Archivos de Medicina del Deporte Vol. 39, no. 1 (2022), p. 50-61
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Flexibility is recognized as a strong marker of physical health in children. Scientific research has indicated that there is a worldwide decline in children's physical fitness, including a reduction in flexibility levels. It has been suggested that a lack of flexibility in youth may be responsible for several health complications, including back pain, injury risk, and posture problems. Physical education (PE) classes are part of the school curriculum, which are an ideal setting to improve children physical fitness levels. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether incorporating a stretching component during regular PE classes can improve flexibility in school children. Three electronic databases were searched systematically until June 2019 for studies analysing the effects of interventions performed during PE classes aimed to improve the flexibility levels of school children (6-18 years). The critical appraisal was carried using PEDro and MINORS scales and a meta-analysis was performed. Seventeen studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality were included in the review and 14 in the meta-analysis, pooling 874 participants. The interventions showed significant improvements in the flexibility of the children, although the relative influence of genre could not be further analysed, due to the fact that insufficient data was reported. The meta-analysis for the hamstring flexibility resulted in a significant moderate effect. Flexibility levels can be improved through the incorporation of stretching interventions during PE classes, since flexibility is a key health-related physical fitness componentFurther research is needed on the effects of such interventions on trunk and upper body flexibility. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
- Kemel, Paul, Porter, Joanne, Coombs, Nicole
- Authors: Kemel, Paul , Porter, Joanne , Coombs, Nicole
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 33, no. 3 (2022), p. 590-601
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Across various parts of the world there is an increasing trend in adolescent and young adult physical inactivity, which has been linked to a multitude of illnesses throughout the lifespan. To further understand the link between physical inactivity and illness, it is important to determine the effect that physical activity has various components of wellbeing. The primary aim of this review was to compile and synthesise the recent evidence on physical activity and its effect on physical, mental and social wellbeing across younger populations. The secondary aim was to determine whether there is relationship between the amount, type and intensity of exercise, and changes in wellbeing outcomes. Methods: Main databases were searched using MeSH terms for the population of interest (young adult, adolescent), intervention (physical activity) and outcome (wellbeing). Upon screening papers of eligibility, quality appraisal was completed through the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP). Results: Nineteen studies were included in this review. The majority of studies found an associated link between the participation of physical activity and improvements in physical, mental and social wellbeing outcomes. There was evidence to suggest that lower levels of physical intensity produced similar results in mental and social outcomes when compared to higher levels of physical intensity. Conclusion: This review supports the encouragement of adolescent and young adult physical activity, noting the improvements seen across the physical, mental and social wellbeing outcomes. Future research is still required to further understand the benefits of lower intensity exercise within the adolescent and young adult population. © 2021 Australian Health Promotion Association.
Indicators of job quality in the Australian aged care workforce : a scoping review
- Carnemolla, Phillippa, Taylor, Philip, Gringart, Eyal, Adams, Claire
- Authors: Carnemolla, Phillippa , Taylor, Philip , Gringart, Eyal , Adams, Claire
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Australasian Journal on Ageing Vol. 41, no. 2 (2022), p. e94-e102
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: As governments grapple with ageing populations, there is a need to understand more about the aged care workforce and how it is managed. Methods: We undertook a scoping review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Scopus and PubMed were used to identify papers published between 2010 and 2020. We mapped the breadth and scale of the evidence base according to the QuInnE indicators of job quality. Results: Out of 642 titles and abstracts that were screened, 122 were selected. Outcomes were measured across a range of domains, including wages, employment quality, education and training, working conditions, work/life balance and consultative participation and collective representation. These were distributed unevenly, revealing evidence gaps. Conclusions: We identified significant knowledge gaps regarding Australia's aged care workforce at a time when the sector is coming under fresh scrutiny and projections indicate that it will face critical labour shortfalls going forward. © 2021 AJA Inc.
Kidney omics in hypertension: from statistical associations to biological mechanisms and clinical applications
- Tomaszewski, Maciej, Morris, Andrew, Howson, Joanna, Franceschini, Nora, Eales, James, Xu, Xiaoguang, Dikalov, Sergey, Guzik, Tomasz, Humphreys, Benjamin, Harrap, Stephen, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Tomaszewski, Maciej , Morris, Andrew , Howson, Joanna , Franceschini, Nora , Eales, James , Xu, Xiaoguang , Dikalov, Sergey , Guzik, Tomasz , Humphreys, Benjamin , Harrap, Stephen , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Kidney International Vol. 102, no. 3 (2022), p. 492-505
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and contributor to premature death globally. Family-based investigations confirmed a significant heritable component of blood pressure (BP), whereas genome-wide association studies revealed >1000 common and rare genetic variants associated with BP and/or hypertension. The kidney is not only an organ of key relevance to BP regulation and the development of hypertension, but it also acts as the tissue mediator of genetic predisposition to hypertension. The identity of kidney genes, pathways, and related mechanisms underlying the genetic associations with BP has started to emerge through integration of genomics with kidney transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other omics as well as through applications of causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization. Single-cell methods further enabled mapping of BP-associated kidney genes to cell types, and in conjunction with other omics, started to illuminate the biological mechanisms underpinning associations of BP-associated genetic variants and kidney genes. Polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies and refined on kidney omics hold the promise of enhanced diagnostic prediction, whereas kidney omics-informed drug discovery is likely to contribute new therapeutic opportunities for hypertension and hypertension-mediated kidney damage. © 2022 International Society of Nephrology
- Authors: Tomaszewski, Maciej , Morris, Andrew , Howson, Joanna , Franceschini, Nora , Eales, James , Xu, Xiaoguang , Dikalov, Sergey , Guzik, Tomasz , Humphreys, Benjamin , Harrap, Stephen , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Kidney International Vol. 102, no. 3 (2022), p. 492-505
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and contributor to premature death globally. Family-based investigations confirmed a significant heritable component of blood pressure (BP), whereas genome-wide association studies revealed >1000 common and rare genetic variants associated with BP and/or hypertension. The kidney is not only an organ of key relevance to BP regulation and the development of hypertension, but it also acts as the tissue mediator of genetic predisposition to hypertension. The identity of kidney genes, pathways, and related mechanisms underlying the genetic associations with BP has started to emerge through integration of genomics with kidney transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other omics as well as through applications of causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization. Single-cell methods further enabled mapping of BP-associated kidney genes to cell types, and in conjunction with other omics, started to illuminate the biological mechanisms underpinning associations of BP-associated genetic variants and kidney genes. Polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies and refined on kidney omics hold the promise of enhanced diagnostic prediction, whereas kidney omics-informed drug discovery is likely to contribute new therapeutic opportunities for hypertension and hypertension-mediated kidney damage. © 2022 International Society of Nephrology
Knowledge about, attitude toward, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine among nursing students : a systematic review of cross-sectional studies
- Zhao, Fei-Yi, Kennedy, Gerard, Cleary, Sonja, Conduit, Russell, Zhang, Wen-Jing, Fu, Qiang-Qiang, Zheng, Zhen
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Cleary, Sonja , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 10, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The globally growing demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has attracted educators' attention to integrate CAM into conventional nursing programs. This systematic review aimed to understand the status quo of nursing students (NSs)' overall rated knowledge of, attitude/belief toward, and practice/previous use or experience (KAP) of CAM in surveys, given these factors may influence NSs' receptivity to CAM curricula, and may be of value in guiding the development of effective teaching strategies. Methods: Formally published cross-sectional quantitative studies investigating the primary outcome of KAP toward CAM by NSs were searched for from eight databases from their inception through to 28 April 2022. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Results: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis, 25 of which were judged to be of moderate to high quality. Despite limited and poorly informed knowledge of CAM therapies, the majority of NSs generally viewed them in a positive light. Furthermore, NSs usually reported an interest in further learning, and supported and welcomed the integration of CAM curricula, at least as elective modules, into existing nursing programs. Lack of evidence was perceived as a major barrier to the use or integration of CAM. Mass media and the internet were the main sources via which NSs access CAM information. Measurement of KAP in all included studies was via self-designed questionnaires/scales or adapted from previously developed questionnaires/scales. Conclusions: The need for integrating and strengthening CAM curricula into current nursing education is identified. Besides theoretical knowledge and matched clinical placement, skills training in literature searching and evidence-based practice are advised to be included in the curricula design. The experiential learning mode is strongly recommended for delivering specific CAM modalities. In addition, a standard instrumentation for determining NSs' KAP toward CAM should be designed and examined for use in different cultural settings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=300602, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022300602. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Cleary, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Cleary, Sonja , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 10, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The globally growing demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has attracted educators' attention to integrate CAM into conventional nursing programs. This systematic review aimed to understand the status quo of nursing students (NSs)' overall rated knowledge of, attitude/belief toward, and practice/previous use or experience (KAP) of CAM in surveys, given these factors may influence NSs' receptivity to CAM curricula, and may be of value in guiding the development of effective teaching strategies. Methods: Formally published cross-sectional quantitative studies investigating the primary outcome of KAP toward CAM by NSs were searched for from eight databases from their inception through to 28 April 2022. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Results: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis, 25 of which were judged to be of moderate to high quality. Despite limited and poorly informed knowledge of CAM therapies, the majority of NSs generally viewed them in a positive light. Furthermore, NSs usually reported an interest in further learning, and supported and welcomed the integration of CAM curricula, at least as elective modules, into existing nursing programs. Lack of evidence was perceived as a major barrier to the use or integration of CAM. Mass media and the internet were the main sources via which NSs access CAM information. Measurement of KAP in all included studies was via self-designed questionnaires/scales or adapted from previously developed questionnaires/scales. Conclusions: The need for integrating and strengthening CAM curricula into current nursing education is identified. Besides theoretical knowledge and matched clinical placement, skills training in literature searching and evidence-based practice are advised to be included in the curricula design. The experiential learning mode is strongly recommended for delivering specific CAM modalities. In addition, a standard instrumentation for determining NSs' KAP toward CAM should be designed and examined for use in different cultural settings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=300602, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022300602. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Cleary, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
Methods and applications of social media monitoring of mental health during disasters : scoping review
- Teague, Samantha, Shatte, Adrian, Weller, Emmelyn, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Hutchinson, Delyse
- Authors: Teague, Samantha , Shatte, Adrian , Weller, Emmelyn , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew , Hutchinson, Delyse
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: JMIR Mental Health Vol. 9, no. 2 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: With the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters internationally, there is growing research and clinical interest in the application of social media sites for disaster mental health surveillance. However, important questions remain regarding the extent to which unstructured social media data can be harnessed for clinically meaningful decision-making. Objective: This comprehensive scoping review synthesizes interdisciplinary literature with a particular focus on research methods and applications. Methods: A total of 6 health and computer science databases were searched for studies published before April 20, 2021, resulting in the identification of 47 studies. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed outlets and examined mental health during disasters or crises by using social media data. Results: Applications across 31 mental health issues were identified, which were grouped into the following three broader themes: estimating mental health burden, planning or evaluating interventions and policies, and knowledge discovery. Mental health assessments were completed by primarily using lexical dictionaries and human annotations. The analyses included a range of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, statistical modeling, and qualitative techniques. The overall reporting quality was poor, with key details such as the total number of users and data features often not being reported. Further, biases in sample selection and related limitations in generalizability were often overlooked. Conclusions: The application of social media monitoring has considerable potential for measuring mental health impacts on populations during disasters. Studies have primarily conceptualized mental health in broad terms, such as distress or negative affect, but greater focus is required on validating mental health assessments. There was little evidence for the clinical integration of social media-based disaster mental health monitoring, such as combining surveillance with social media-based interventions or developing and testing real-world disaster management tools. To address issues with study quality, a structured set of reporting guidelines is recommended to improve the methodological quality, replicability, and clinical relevance of future research on the social media monitoring of mental health during disasters. © 2022 Samantha J Teague, Adrian B R Shatte, Emmelyn Weller, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Delyse M Hutchinson.
- Authors: Teague, Samantha , Shatte, Adrian , Weller, Emmelyn , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew , Hutchinson, Delyse
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: JMIR Mental Health Vol. 9, no. 2 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: With the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters internationally, there is growing research and clinical interest in the application of social media sites for disaster mental health surveillance. However, important questions remain regarding the extent to which unstructured social media data can be harnessed for clinically meaningful decision-making. Objective: This comprehensive scoping review synthesizes interdisciplinary literature with a particular focus on research methods and applications. Methods: A total of 6 health and computer science databases were searched for studies published before April 20, 2021, resulting in the identification of 47 studies. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed outlets and examined mental health during disasters or crises by using social media data. Results: Applications across 31 mental health issues were identified, which were grouped into the following three broader themes: estimating mental health burden, planning or evaluating interventions and policies, and knowledge discovery. Mental health assessments were completed by primarily using lexical dictionaries and human annotations. The analyses included a range of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, statistical modeling, and qualitative techniques. The overall reporting quality was poor, with key details such as the total number of users and data features often not being reported. Further, biases in sample selection and related limitations in generalizability were often overlooked. Conclusions: The application of social media monitoring has considerable potential for measuring mental health impacts on populations during disasters. Studies have primarily conceptualized mental health in broad terms, such as distress or negative affect, but greater focus is required on validating mental health assessments. There was little evidence for the clinical integration of social media-based disaster mental health monitoring, such as combining surveillance with social media-based interventions or developing and testing real-world disaster management tools. To address issues with study quality, a structured set of reporting guidelines is recommended to improve the methodological quality, replicability, and clinical relevance of future research on the social media monitoring of mental health during disasters. © 2022 Samantha J Teague, Adrian B R Shatte, Emmelyn Weller, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Delyse M Hutchinson.
Midwives’ experiences of facilitating informed decision-making – a narrative literature review
- Kloester, Joy, Willey, Suzanne, Hall, Helen, Brand, Gabrielle
- Authors: Kloester, Joy , Willey, Suzanne , Hall, Helen , Brand, Gabrielle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Midwifery Vol. 109, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Informed decision-making is a vital component of midwifery philosophy and a core recommendation of the global respectful maternity care charter; however, women and midwives report a lack of informed decision-making in actual practice. Research reveals informed decision-making improves physical and mental health outcomes for women, regardless of childbearing experience, and is a protective factor for midwives’ job satisfaction. There is currently little known about midwives’ experiences of facilitating informed decision-making, and associated barriers. Objective: To critically appraise and synthesize the best qualitative evidence exploring midwives’ experiences of facilitating women's informed decision-making. Methods: A systematic search of key databases and grey literature for qualitative research in English language published between 2010-2019. Quality assessment followed CASP guidelines and this review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Data were synthesised narratively. Results: Midwives were shown to have a strong desire to facilitate informed decision-making, yet reported a disparity between philosophy and practice due to multiple barriers. Barriers included; lack of specific knowledge and training, fear of blame and litigation, structural constraints including lack of time and fragmented models of midwifery care, and multidisciplinary philosophical disparities. Conclusion: Existing literature identifies informed decision-making is the gold-standard in providing safe and respectful maternity care, yet this review demonstrates that it is not well executed in actual practice. Midwives recognise this disparity and identify barriers which require urgent education, research, policy and practice solutions. © 2022
Mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Golledge, Jonathan, Krishna, Smriti, Wang, Yutang
- Authors: Golledge, Jonathan , Krishna, Smriti , Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: British Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 179, no. 5 (2022), p. 792-810
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc. © 2020 The British Pharmacological Society
- Authors: Golledge, Jonathan , Krishna, Smriti , Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: British Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 179, no. 5 (2022), p. 792-810
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc. © 2020 The British Pharmacological Society
Neglected tropical diseases in Australia : a narrative review
- Kurcheid, Johanna, Gordon, Catherine, Clarke, Naomi, Wangdi, Kinley, Kelly, Matthew, Lal, Aparna, Mutombo, Polydor, Wang, Dongxu, Mationg, Mary, Clements, Archie, Muhi, Stephen, Bradbury, Richard, Biggs, Beverley-Ann, Page, Wendy, Williams, Gail, McManus, Donald, Gray, Darren
- Authors: Kurcheid, Johanna , Gordon, Catherine , Clarke, Naomi , Wangdi, Kinley , Kelly, Matthew , Lal, Aparna , Mutombo, Polydor , Wang, Dongxu , Mationg, Mary , Clements, Archie , Muhi, Stephen , Bradbury, Richard , Biggs, Beverley-Ann , Page, Wendy , Williams, Gail , McManus, Donald , Gray, Darren
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 216, no. 10 (2022), p. 532-538
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a threat to the health, wellbeing and economic prosperity of billions of people worldwide, often causing serious disease or death. •Commonly considered diseases of low and middle-income nations, the presence of NTDs in high income countries such as Australia is often overlooked. •Seven of the 20 recognised NTDs are endemic in Australia: scabies, soil-transmitted helminths and strongyloidiasis, echinococcosis, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, trachoma, and snakebite envenoming. •Dengue, while not currently endemic, poses a risk of establishment in Australia. There are occasional outbreaks of dengue fever, with local transmission, due to introductions in travellers from endemic regions. •Similarly, the risk of introduction of other NTDs from neighbouring countries is a concern. Many NTDs are only seen in Australia in individuals travelling from endemic areas, but they need to be recognised in health settings as the potential consequences of infection can be severe. •In this review, we consider the status of NTDs in Australia, explore the risk of introducing and contracting these infections, and emphasise the negative impact they have on the health of Australians, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. © 2022 AMPCo Pty Ltd.
Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings : a scoping review
- Ota, Marianne, Lam, Louisa, Gilbert, Julia, Hills, Danny
- Authors: Ota, Marianne , Lam, Louisa , Gilbert, Julia , Hills, Danny
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4221-4233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify the existing evidence on how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility amongst nurses in health care settings. Background: Research on managing workplace incivility in nursing, a prevalent and concerning issue worldwide, recommends nurse leaders to command cultural change through strong leadership and civility interventions. However, there is very little empirical evidence summarizing and analysing how nurse leaders pragmatically achieve civility, and combat workplace incivility, in the health care setting. Evaluation: A scoping review was undertaken using the electronic databases CINAHL, Emerald Insight, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature. Key issues: The eight studies included in this review describe how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility under four key themes: (1) creating a shared vision, (2) educating self and others, (3) fostering accountability and (4) providing support. Conclusion: The review provides an overview of commonly used strategies and actions that pragmatically promote and maintain civility in the health care setting by nurse leaders, while also highlighting areas of future research needed to strengthen the evidence base. Implications for Nursing Management: It is important for nurse leaders to gain an understanding of evidence-based practices when addressing workplace incivility in order to address this prevailing problem for the future and safety of nurses moving forward. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Ota, Marianne , Lam, Louisa , Gilbert, Julia , Hills, Danny
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4221-4233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify the existing evidence on how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility amongst nurses in health care settings. Background: Research on managing workplace incivility in nursing, a prevalent and concerning issue worldwide, recommends nurse leaders to command cultural change through strong leadership and civility interventions. However, there is very little empirical evidence summarizing and analysing how nurse leaders pragmatically achieve civility, and combat workplace incivility, in the health care setting. Evaluation: A scoping review was undertaken using the electronic databases CINAHL, Emerald Insight, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature. Key issues: The eight studies included in this review describe how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility under four key themes: (1) creating a shared vision, (2) educating self and others, (3) fostering accountability and (4) providing support. Conclusion: The review provides an overview of commonly used strategies and actions that pragmatically promote and maintain civility in the health care setting by nurse leaders, while also highlighting areas of future research needed to strengthen the evidence base. Implications for Nursing Management: It is important for nurse leaders to gain an understanding of evidence-based practices when addressing workplace incivility in order to address this prevailing problem for the future and safety of nurses moving forward. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Occupational violence and aggression in urgent and critical care in rural health service settings : a systematic review of mixed studies
- Grant, Sharon, Hartanto, Stephanie, Sivasubramaniam, Diane, Heritage, Kaye
- Authors: Grant, Sharon , Hartanto, Stephanie , Sivasubramaniam, Diane , Heritage, Kaye
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e3696-e3715
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Rural/remote health services are vulnerable to occupational violence and aggression due to factors such as weapon accessibility, poor network coverage and distance to backup. This systematic review investigated (1) the nature of occupational violence and aggression perpetrated in rural/remote health service urgent care settings and (2) the availability and effectiveness of policies/interventions/recommendations that address occupational violence and aggression in this context. We searched Business Source Complete, CINAHL Complete, Health & Society, APAIS Health, Health Collection, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science. Included articles (peer-reviewed, no grey literature and English language) addressed occupational violence and aggression in rural health service urgent care settings. Fifteen articles matched these criteria (total [rural/remote only, where specified] N ~ 2555) and were included in the final analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was applied to assess the risk of bias. A data extraction table and narrative synthesis are presented. The most common occupational violence and aggression type was verbal aggression. The primary perpetrator was patients. Risk factors reflected practitioner age, remoteness, sector, staffing, shift type and area of practice. Precipitating factors were alcohol/drugs, dissatisfaction and mental health conditions. Policy content and limitations and education/training programme effectiveness were not addressed. Community collaboration supported occupational violence and aggression prevention/management. Organisational culture should promote reporting, debriefing and post-incident care for staff well-being. Work environment and job/task design are priorities for safety, but with possible limitations for traumatised clients. Occupational violence and aggression policies/interventions in rural health settings must be systematically evaluated to inform best practices. Co-funded by Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Interdisciplinary Seed Funding Scheme and SMART Rural Health Network. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Grant, Sharon , Hartanto, Stephanie , Sivasubramaniam, Diane , Heritage, Kaye
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e3696-e3715
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Rural/remote health services are vulnerable to occupational violence and aggression due to factors such as weapon accessibility, poor network coverage and distance to backup. This systematic review investigated (1) the nature of occupational violence and aggression perpetrated in rural/remote health service urgent care settings and (2) the availability and effectiveness of policies/interventions/recommendations that address occupational violence and aggression in this context. We searched Business Source Complete, CINAHL Complete, Health & Society, APAIS Health, Health Collection, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science. Included articles (peer-reviewed, no grey literature and English language) addressed occupational violence and aggression in rural health service urgent care settings. Fifteen articles matched these criteria (total [rural/remote only, where specified] N ~ 2555) and were included in the final analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was applied to assess the risk of bias. A data extraction table and narrative synthesis are presented. The most common occupational violence and aggression type was verbal aggression. The primary perpetrator was patients. Risk factors reflected practitioner age, remoteness, sector, staffing, shift type and area of practice. Precipitating factors were alcohol/drugs, dissatisfaction and mental health conditions. Policy content and limitations and education/training programme effectiveness were not addressed. Community collaboration supported occupational violence and aggression prevention/management. Organisational culture should promote reporting, debriefing and post-incident care for staff well-being. Work environment and job/task design are priorities for safety, but with possible limitations for traumatised clients. Occupational violence and aggression policies/interventions in rural health settings must be systematically evaluated to inform best practices. Co-funded by Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Interdisciplinary Seed Funding Scheme and SMART Rural Health Network. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Practice nurses’ communication with people living with type 2 diabetes : a scoping review
- Hills, Sharon, Terry, Daniel, Gazula, Swapnali, Browning, Colette
- Authors: Hills, Sharon , Terry, Daniel , Gazula, Swapnali , Browning, Colette
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Patient Education and Counseling Vol. 105, no. 8 (2022), p. 2664-2670
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify the key characteristics of practice nurses’ communication with people living with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) where lifestyle activities are discussed. Methods: A scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes that emerged. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was followed. Results: 25 studies were retained in the final review. Nurses who were committed to engaging in lifestyle discussions created supportive environments and built rapport to enable change conversations. However, this was present in just 20% of the studies. In most studies, (60%) nurses continued to use traditional health education communication styles, had little understanding of behaviour change theories, lacked skills in behaviour change counselling and were reluctant to engage in behaviour change discussions with people with T2D. Conclusions: Nurses require a deeper understanding of behavioural change theories and skills in behavioural counselling. Practice implications: Practice nurses have a unique opportunity to facilitate T2D remission by engaging in evidence-based behaviour change communication. A behaviour change training intervention is needed that recognises the environment of practice nurse consultations. It needs to be pragmatic and fully consider the enablers and barriers to addressing behaviour change in both the nurse and the person with T2D. © 2022
Precision medicine : an optimal approach to patient care in renal cell carcinoma
- Sharma, Revati, Kannourakis, George, Prithviraj, Prashanth, Ahmed, Nuzhat
- Authors: Sharma, Revati , Kannourakis, George , Prithviraj, Prashanth , Ahmed, Nuzhat
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that shows both intra- and inter-heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is displayed not only in different patients but also among RCC cells in the same tumor, which makes treatment difficult because of varying degrees of responses generated in RCC heterogeneous tumor cells even with targeted treatment. In that context, precision medicine (PM), in terms of individualized treatment catered for a specific patient or groups of patients, can shift the paradigm of treatment in the clinical management of RCC. Recent progress in the biochemical, molecular, and histological characteristics of RCC has thrown light on many deregulated pathways involved in the pathogenesis of RCC. As PM-based therapies are rapidly evolving and few are already in current clinical practice in oncology, one can expect that PM will expand its way toward the robust treatment of patients with RCC. This article provides a comprehensive background on recent strategies and breakthroughs of PM in oncology and provides an overview of the potential applicability of PM in RCC. The article also highlights the drawbacks of PM and provides a holistic approach that goes beyond the involvement of clinicians and encompasses appropriate legislative and administrative care imparted by the healthcare system and insurance providers. It is anticipated that combined efforts from all sectors involved will make PM accessible to RCC and other patients with cancer, making a tremendous positive leap on individualized treatment strategies. This will subsequently enhance the quality of life of patients. Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Kannourakis, Prithviraj and Ahmed.
- Authors: Sharma, Revati , Kannourakis, George , Prithviraj, Prashanth , Ahmed, Nuzhat
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that shows both intra- and inter-heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is displayed not only in different patients but also among RCC cells in the same tumor, which makes treatment difficult because of varying degrees of responses generated in RCC heterogeneous tumor cells even with targeted treatment. In that context, precision medicine (PM), in terms of individualized treatment catered for a specific patient or groups of patients, can shift the paradigm of treatment in the clinical management of RCC. Recent progress in the biochemical, molecular, and histological characteristics of RCC has thrown light on many deregulated pathways involved in the pathogenesis of RCC. As PM-based therapies are rapidly evolving and few are already in current clinical practice in oncology, one can expect that PM will expand its way toward the robust treatment of patients with RCC. This article provides a comprehensive background on recent strategies and breakthroughs of PM in oncology and provides an overview of the potential applicability of PM in RCC. The article also highlights the drawbacks of PM and provides a holistic approach that goes beyond the involvement of clinicians and encompasses appropriate legislative and administrative care imparted by the healthcare system and insurance providers. It is anticipated that combined efforts from all sectors involved will make PM accessible to RCC and other patients with cancer, making a tremendous positive leap on individualized treatment strategies. This will subsequently enhance the quality of life of patients. Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Kannourakis, Prithviraj and Ahmed.
Psychological interventions to improve sleep in young adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Kodsi, Ali, Bullock, Ben, Kennedy, Gerard, Tirlea, Loredana
- Authors: Kodsi, Ali , Bullock, Ben , Kennedy, Gerard , Tirlea, Loredana
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Behavioral Sleep Medicine Vol. 20, no. 1 (2022), p. 125-142
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: The effects of impaired sleep on the wellbeing of young adults are profound, and the adverse outcomes for mental health are well documented in the research literature. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize the available evidence from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep and related secondary outcomes such as anxiety and depression in healthy young adults. Method: Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, CINHAL, INFORMIT, Web of Science [Science and Social Citation Index], OpenSigle and EMBASE) were searched, returning 54 full-text papers for assessment, with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Results: A random effects meta-analysis showed that the combined effect of all interventions was moderate (ES = −0.53, 95% CIs [- 0.69, −0.36], p < .01), reflecting the efficacy of psychological interventions at improving sleep scores at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses of individual interventions showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep (ES = −0.67, 95% CIs [−0.77, −0.57], p <.01) and secondary outcomes for anxiety (ES = −0.35, 95% CIs [−0.56, −0.15], p <.01) and depression (ES = −0.41, 95% CIs [−0.70, −0.13], p <.01) at post-intervention. Conclusion: The results of the current review support the implementation of cognitive and behavioral interventions for sleep among young adults experiencing both sleep and comorbid mental health problems. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Authors: Kodsi, Ali , Bullock, Ben , Kennedy, Gerard , Tirlea, Loredana
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Behavioral Sleep Medicine Vol. 20, no. 1 (2022), p. 125-142
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: The effects of impaired sleep on the wellbeing of young adults are profound, and the adverse outcomes for mental health are well documented in the research literature. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize the available evidence from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep and related secondary outcomes such as anxiety and depression in healthy young adults. Method: Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, CINHAL, INFORMIT, Web of Science [Science and Social Citation Index], OpenSigle and EMBASE) were searched, returning 54 full-text papers for assessment, with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Results: A random effects meta-analysis showed that the combined effect of all interventions was moderate (ES = −0.53, 95% CIs [- 0.69, −0.36], p < .01), reflecting the efficacy of psychological interventions at improving sleep scores at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses of individual interventions showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep (ES = −0.67, 95% CIs [−0.77, −0.57], p <.01) and secondary outcomes for anxiety (ES = −0.35, 95% CIs [−0.56, −0.15], p <.01) and depression (ES = −0.41, 95% CIs [−0.70, −0.13], p <.01) at post-intervention. Conclusion: The results of the current review support the implementation of cognitive and behavioral interventions for sleep among young adults experiencing both sleep and comorbid mental health problems. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Public health education by emergency nurses : a scoping review and narrative synthesis
- Coombs, Nicole, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael, Plummer, Virginia
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Patient Education and Counseling Vol. 105, no. 5 (2022), p. 1181-1187
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify the extent, range, and nature of the evidence on public health education provided by emergency nurses. Methods: A scoping review, using the methodological guidance of Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to scope and map the literature and research activity. Using predetermined criteria, databases, grey literature, and reference lists were searched for eligible sources. At least two authors reviewed each article. A narrative synthesis methodology was utilised to analyse and report the findings. Results: There was significant methodological heterogeneity between sources (n = 6). Three themes were identified: 1) Benefits of the system: An opportunity to inform the public, 2) The barriers: Time pressures and being prepared and 3) The strategies: Plan for structured and created teachable moments Conclusion: Limited research is being conducted in this area. Further research is needed to understand emergency nurse's practice and attitudes towards providing public health messages. Practice implications: Emergency nurses need to utilise the ‘teachable moment‘ for every emergency admission, providing opportunistic preventative education to improve health outcomes and reduce demand on the healthcare system. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Patient Education and Counseling Vol. 105, no. 5 (2022), p. 1181-1187
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify the extent, range, and nature of the evidence on public health education provided by emergency nurses. Methods: A scoping review, using the methodological guidance of Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to scope and map the literature and research activity. Using predetermined criteria, databases, grey literature, and reference lists were searched for eligible sources. At least two authors reviewed each article. A narrative synthesis methodology was utilised to analyse and report the findings. Results: There was significant methodological heterogeneity between sources (n = 6). Three themes were identified: 1) Benefits of the system: An opportunity to inform the public, 2) The barriers: Time pressures and being prepared and 3) The strategies: Plan for structured and created teachable moments Conclusion: Limited research is being conducted in this area. Further research is needed to understand emergency nurse's practice and attitudes towards providing public health messages. Practice implications: Emergency nurses need to utilise the ‘teachable moment‘ for every emergency admission, providing opportunistic preventative education to improve health outcomes and reduce demand on the healthcare system. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Roles of selective agriculture practices in sustainable agricultural performance : a systematic review
- Ali, Basharat, Dahlhaus, Peter
- Authors: Ali, Basharat , Dahlhaus, Peter
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sustainability (Switzerland) Vol. 14, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Feeding the growing global population while improving the Earth’s economic, environmental, and social values is a challenge recognised in both the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Sustaining global agricultural performance requires regular revision of current farming models, attitudes, and practices. In systematically reviewing the international literature through the lens of the sustainability framework, this paper specifically identifies precision conservation agriculture (PCA), digital agriculture (DA), and resilient agriculture (RA) practices as being of value in meeting future challenges. Each of these adaptations carries significantly positive relationships with sustaining agricultural performance, as well as positively mediating and/or moderating each other. While it is clear from the literature that adopting PCA, DA, and RA would substantially improve the sustainability of agricultural performance, the uptake of these adaptations generally lags. More in-depth social science research is required to understand the value propositions that would encourage uptake of these adaptations and the barriers that prevent them. Recommendations are made to explore the specific knowledge gap that needs to be understood to motivate agriculture practitioners to adopt these changes in practice. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Ali, Basharat , Dahlhaus, Peter
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sustainability (Switzerland) Vol. 14, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Feeding the growing global population while improving the Earth’s economic, environmental, and social values is a challenge recognised in both the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Sustaining global agricultural performance requires regular revision of current farming models, attitudes, and practices. In systematically reviewing the international literature through the lens of the sustainability framework, this paper specifically identifies precision conservation agriculture (PCA), digital agriculture (DA), and resilient agriculture (RA) practices as being of value in meeting future challenges. Each of these adaptations carries significantly positive relationships with sustaining agricultural performance, as well as positively mediating and/or moderating each other. While it is clear from the literature that adopting PCA, DA, and RA would substantially improve the sustainability of agricultural performance, the uptake of these adaptations generally lags. More in-depth social science research is required to understand the value propositions that would encourage uptake of these adaptations and the barriers that prevent them. Recommendations are made to explore the specific knowledge gap that needs to be understood to motivate agriculture practitioners to adopt these changes in practice. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Stubborn exercise responders–where to next?
- Bell, Leo, Gabbett, Tim, Davis, Gregory, Wallen, Matthew, O’Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The Angiosperm Stem Hemiparasitic Genus Cassytha (Lauraceae) and its host interactions : a review
- Zhang, Hongxiang, Florentine, Singarayer, Tennakoon, Kushan
- Authors: Zhang, Hongxiang , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cassytha, also known as laurel dodder or love vine, is a stem hemiparasite of the Lauraceae family. It has long been used for medicinal purposes in many countries and has increasingly influenced agricultural and natural ecosystems by its effects on a wide range of host species. Previous studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolutionary position of different Cassytha, with the pan-tropical species Cassytha filiformis being the most widely studied. However, Cassytha–host interactions have never been reviewed, which is an essential issue related to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant hemiparasitic and the assessment of benefits and damage caused by aerial parasitic plants. This review explores the parasitic habits, worldwide distribution, and host range of Cassytha, and examines its impacts on the biology of host plants and the overall influence of environmental changes on Cassytha–host associations. We also comment on areas of future research directions that require to better understanding Cassytha–host interactions. It appeared that some traits, such as flowering phenology, facilitated Cassytha’s widespread distribution and successful parasitism and that Cassytha preferred woody species rather than herbaceous species as a host, and preferred species from certain families as hosts, such as Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Cassytha often decreased biomass and impacted the physiology of host species and global environmental changes seemed to intensify the negative impacts of Cassytha on their hosts. Cassytha was not only a noxious weed, but can also function as a biocontrol agent to mitigate alien plant invasion. Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Florentine and Tennakoon.
- Authors: Zhang, Hongxiang , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cassytha, also known as laurel dodder or love vine, is a stem hemiparasite of the Lauraceae family. It has long been used for medicinal purposes in many countries and has increasingly influenced agricultural and natural ecosystems by its effects on a wide range of host species. Previous studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolutionary position of different Cassytha, with the pan-tropical species Cassytha filiformis being the most widely studied. However, Cassytha–host interactions have never been reviewed, which is an essential issue related to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant hemiparasitic and the assessment of benefits and damage caused by aerial parasitic plants. This review explores the parasitic habits, worldwide distribution, and host range of Cassytha, and examines its impacts on the biology of host plants and the overall influence of environmental changes on Cassytha–host associations. We also comment on areas of future research directions that require to better understanding Cassytha–host interactions. It appeared that some traits, such as flowering phenology, facilitated Cassytha’s widespread distribution and successful parasitism and that Cassytha preferred woody species rather than herbaceous species as a host, and preferred species from certain families as hosts, such as Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Cassytha often decreased biomass and impacted the physiology of host species and global environmental changes seemed to intensify the negative impacts of Cassytha on their hosts. Cassytha was not only a noxious weed, but can also function as a biocontrol agent to mitigate alien plant invasion. Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Florentine and Tennakoon.
- Miller, Elizabeth, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael
- Authors: Miller, Elizabeth , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Palliative and Supportive Care Vol. 20, no. 3 (2022), p. 433-444
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective Disclosing the truth when breaking bad news continues to be difficult for health professionals, yet it is essential for patients when making informed decisions about their treatment and end-of-life care. This literature review aimed to explore and examine how health professionals, patients, and families experience truth disclosure during the delivery of bad news in the inpatient/outpatient palliative care setting. Methods A systemized search for peer-reviewed, published papers between 2013 and 2020 was undertaken in September 2020 using the CINAHL, Medline, and PsycInfo databases. The keywords and MeSH terms (truth disclosure) AND (palliative care or end-of-life care or terminal care or dying) were used. The search was repeated using (bad news) AND (palliative care or end-of-life care or terminal care or dying) terms. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to synthesize the findings from the eight papers. Results Eight papers were included in the meta-synthesis and were represented by five Western countries. Following the synthesis process, two concepts were identified: Enablers in breaking bad news and Truth avoidance/disclosure. Several elements formed the concept of Enablers for breaking bad news, such as the therapeutic relationship, reading cues, acknowledgment, language/delivery, time/place, and qualities. A conceptual model was developed to illustrate the findings of the synthesis. Significance of results The conceptual model demonstrates a unique way to look at communication dynamics around truth disclosure and avoidance when breaking bad news. Informed decision-making requires an understanding of the whole truth, and therefore truth disclosure is an essential part of breaking bad news. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.