Description:
A cell undergoing apoptosis demonstrates multitude of characteristic morphological and biochemical features, which vary depending on the inducer of apoptosis, cell type and the “time window” at which the process of apoptosis is observed. Because the gross majority of apoptotic hallmarks can be revealed by flow and image cytometry, the cytometric methods become a technology of choice in diverse studies of cellular demise. Variety of cytometric methods designed to identify apoptotic cells, detect particular events of apoptosis and probe mechanisms associated with this mode of cell death have been developed during the past two decades. In the present review, we outline commonly used methods that are based on the assessment of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, activation of caspases, DNA fragmentation, and plasma membrane alterations. We also present novel developments in the field such as the use of cyanine SYTO and TO-PRO family of probes. Strategies of selecting the optimal multiparameter approaches, as well as potential difficulties in the experimental procedures, are thoroughly summarized
Description:
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) plays a significant role in the economic, technological and social progression of a country. Corruption in government agencies and institutions is a serious problem in many countries in the world, especially in under-developed and developing countries. The use of ICT tools such as e-governance can help to reduce corruption. In this chapter, the authors discussed the application of e-government principles to mitigate corruption. Based on the available literature, this study identified some potential elements of e-government, which are currently practised around the world and how they are interrelated to fight against corruption. Finally, the authors present an evidencebased e-government anti-corruption framework.
Description:
Over the past century, technology has made it possible to measure human motion in many ways and with new levels of precision, becoming a tool in many applications and professional branches including medicine, sports science and forensics. Some branches have developed in response to the technology, such as the emergence of motion-capture animation in the film industry. These different applications use the same or similar types of equipment with the general intention of making the systems as intuitive as possible for the participants. However, the methodologies necessary to produce reliable results in these areas differ enormously. The overlap of information between fields might lead to situations where small but important adaptations are required in order to produce the required result; experts with knowledge of one field might not be aware of such developments. The Handbook of Human Motion brings together contributions from many different disciplines, covering the established and emerging technologies employed, the challenges posed in each area of application and the novel solutions reached by researchers.
Description:
This chapter describes a novel multistage method for linguistic clustering of large collections of texts available on the Internet as a precursor to linguistic analysis of these texts. This method addresses the practicalities of applying clustering operations to a very large set of text documents by using a combination of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. The method relies on creating a multitude of independent clusterings of a randomized sample selected from the International Corpus of Learner English. Several consensus functions and sophisticated algorithms are applied in two substages to combine these independent clusterings into one final consensus clustering, which is then used to train fast classifiers in order to enable them to perform the profiling of very large collections of text and web data. This approach makes it possible to apply advanced highly accurate and sophisticated clustering techniques by combining them with fast supervised classification algorithms. For the effectiveness of this multistage method it is crucial to determine how well the supervised classification algorithms are going to perform at the final stage, when they are used to process large data sets available on the Internet. This performance may also serve as an indication of the quality of the combined consensus clustering obtained in the preceding stages. The authors' experimental results compare the performance of several classification algorithms incorporated in this multistage scheme and demonstrate that several of these classification algorithms achieve very high precision and recall and can be used in practical implementations of their method.
Description:
The aim of this chapter is to explore the way in which play is used in a range of educational settings. It compares and contrasts play principles as adopted in early childhood settings, regular primary schools and special educational settings. Focusing on play for children with impairment, play in special educational settings is deconstructed using a disability studies lens and a way forward recommended through combining disability studies with childhood studies. Investigating the focus on assessment of and in play development, the embedded culture of approaching play for children with impairments is challenged. Reframing how children are perceived to engage in play can reimagine how play can be incorporated into special educational settings. Inclusive Education : Making Sense of Everyday Practice, BRILL, 2017.
Description:
The aim of this chapter is to explore the way in which play is used in a range of educational settings. It compares and contrasts play principles as adopted in early childhood settings, regular primary schools and special educational settings. Focusing on play for children with impairment, play in special educational settings is deconstructed using a disability studies lens and a way forward recommended through combining disability studies with childhood studies. Investigating the focus on assessment of and in play development, the embedded culture of approaching play for children with impairments is challenged. Reframing how children are perceived to engage in play can reimagine how play can be incorporated into special educational settings. Inclusive Education : Making Sense of Everyday Practice, BRILL, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ballarat/detail.action?docID=4803299.
Description:
Assessment is an integral part of the learning cycle and is necessary to determine where students are currently at, how to move them to the next level of understanding and to make judgements about whether or not learning has occurred. Assessment becomes formative assessment when the teacher uses it to modify the teaching or learning that occurs next.
Description:
Assessment has been called “the bridge between teaching and learning” (Wiliam, 2011, p. 50), which reflects this chapter’s exploration of how students’ use of learning strategies can be developed when they engage in Assessment as Learning (AaL). The chapter’s discussion of AaL as an evidence-based teaching and learning approach derives from a larger mixed-methods study (Fletcher, 2015), in which teachers and students from Years 2, 4 and 6 worked together on an AaL writing project. The term AaL refers to assessment that is designed to enable students to reflect on and monitor their own progress to inform their future learning goals.
Description:
Assessment has been called “the bridge between teaching and learning” (Wiliam, 2011, p. 50), which reflects this chapter’s exploration of how students’ use of learning strategies can be developed when they engage in Assessment as Learning (AaL). The chapter’s discussion of AaL as an evidence-based teaching and learning approach derives from a larger mixed-methods study (Fletcher, 2015), in which teachers and students from Years 2, 4 and 6 worked together on an AaL writing project. The term AaL refers to assessment that is designed to enable students to reflect on and monitor their own progress to inform their future learning goals.