Description:
Integrating a powerful instrument such as CAS into teaching and learning mathematics requires changes to many aspects of the classroom, which teachers will make from the base of their prior teaching styles and their beliefs about mathematics and how it should be taught. The paper describes the different ways in which two pioneering Australian teachers adapted their teaching to use CAS. One teacher used CAS with the primary goal of increasing understanding but restricted students’ use. The other teacher adopted CAS as an extra technique for solving standard problems, emphasising timesaving routines by hand and with CAS. Through these case studies we comment on the following issues related to teaching with CAS: different ways of organising the classroom, variety in approaches to teaching the use of CAS, the increased range of methods for solving problems and for teaching, the contrast between using of graphics calculators and CAS, the challenge of finding the place of by-hand skills and CAS use, and the curriculum and assessment changes required in schools.
Description:
Integrating a powerful instrument such as CAS into teaching and learning mathematics requires changes to many aspects of the classroom, which teachers will make from the base of their prior teaching styles and their beliefs about mathematics and how it should be taught. The paper describes the different ways in which two pioneering Australian teachers adapted their teaching to use CAS. One teacher used CAS with the primary goal of increasing understanding but restricted students’ use. The other teacher adopted CAS as an extra technique for solving standard problems, emphasising timesaving routines by hand and with CAS. Through these case studies we comment on the following issues related to teaching with CAS: different ways of organising the classroom, variety in approaches to teaching the use of CAS, the increased range of methods for solving problems and for teaching, the contrast between using of graphics calculators and CAS, the challenge of finding the place of by-hand skills and CAS use, and the curriculum and assessment changes required in schools.
Description:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine power performance in jump squats when using the complex and contrast training methods. Eleven (n = 11) women participated in a familiarization session and in three randomly ordered testing sessions. One session involved completing sets of power exercises (jump squats) before sets of half squats (traditional method). The second session involved sets of half squats before sets of jump squats (complex method). A third session involved the alternation of sets of half squats and jump squats (contrast method). No significant difference in jump squat performance between each of the training methods was found. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the first set of each session, with the complex method having a significantly lower peak power. Further, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in performance changes between the higher and lower strength groups, with the higher strength group having a greater improvement in performance using the contrast training method compared with the traditional method. It was concluded that contrast training is advantageous for increasing power output but only for athletes with relatively high strength levels.
Description:
The Lal Lal Falls, situated within the traditional country of the Wathawurrung people, is one of Victoria's most significant Indigenous cultural sites, as it is one of several recorded living sites of Bundjil--the Kulin peoples' creator spirit. Lal Lal Falls, near Ballarat in Western Victoria, became a tourism attraction for non-Indigenous Australians for its natural and cultural values.
Description:
Preparations of the previously unreported, water-soluble, tetraguanidinium, tetracholine and tetrakisbenzyltrimethylammonium ellagates are outlined. Ellagic acid and these water-soluble salts remove Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions from dilute aqueous solutions at pH greater than 7. The salts also remove Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Cu2+ between pH 3 and pH 6. At pH 1 the water-soluble ellagates underwent hydrolysis, resulting in the precipitation of free ellagic acid in preference to the formation of metal-ellagate complexes. These trends were also observed when mixtures of metal ions were applied.
Description:
Pinus radiata sapwood stakes were treated with ellagic acid and tetraguanidinium, tetracholine and tetrakis-benzyltrimethylammonium ellagates. The effect of these treatments upon moisture movement and uptake was investigated by wick action. Given that chemical reactions within the wood substrate between nutrients and treatment solutions may alter the properties of the wood with regard to moisture movement, the presence of Cu2+ in the system was also examined. Water-soluble ellagates reduced water loss by 25-35 %, but had no effect upon water uptake. Ellagic acid in N-methylpyrrolidone significantly reduced both water loss and moisture uptake. The effect of Cu2+ upon moisture movement and uptake in the treated stakes was negligible.
Description:
Studies of small mammals at Parker River Inlet from 1985-95 have demonstrated the presence of ten species of small mammals. Trapping, spotlighting and incidental sightings have shown that a further 18 species of mammals occur within an area of 200 ha. Pseudomys fumeus and Antechinus minimus, recorded in this survey, are rare and restricted in Victoria. The species richness of the area is related to the heterogeneity of the vegetation, with twelve vegetation types being identified in the study area. The occurrence of the more abundant small mammals, Rattus fuscipes, Rattus lutreolus, Mus musculus and Antechinus swainsonii, is correlated with vegetation structure and floristics. Causes of fluctuations of the populations of the exotic species M. musculus and Rattus rattus are considered. Management recommendations, which reflect the high significance of faunal habitat in the area, are made with the aim of minimising human impact.
Description:
Studies of small mammals at Parker River Inlet from 1985-95 have demonstrated the presence of ten species of small mammals. Trapping, spotlighting and incidental sightings have shown that a further 18 species of mammals occur within an area of 200 ha. Pseudomys fumeus and Antechinus minimus, recorded in this survey, are rare and restricted in Victoria. The species richness of the area is related to the heterogeneity of the vegetation, with twelve vegetation types being identified in the study area. The occurrence of the more abundant small mammals, Rattus fuscipes, Rattus lutreolus, Mus musculus and Antechinus swainsonii, is correlated with vegetation structure and floristics. Causes of fluctuations of the populations of the exotic species M. musculus and Rattus rattus are considered. Management recommendations, which reflect the high significance of faunal habitat in the area, are made with the aim of minimising human impact.
Description:
The paper contains the survey of some recent results obtained by the authors and their colleagues. We study zero duality gap properties for optimization problems with a single constraint with respect to a nonlinear penalization. The penalty function is constructed as a convolution of the objective function and the constraint by means of IPH (increasing positively homogeneous) functions. The main results are obtained for penalization by strictly IPH functions. We also examine augmented Lagrangians for optimization problems with a single constraint. We establish some links between augmented Lagrangians and Lagrange-type functions and propose a new kind of Lagrange-type functions for the problems with a single inequality constraint.
Description:
The publication of two illustrated books with verbal text by the Australian writer Gary Crew provides an opportunity to compare the presentation of war memories in picture story book and graphic novel format. Gary Crew and Shaun Tan's Memorial (1999) is a thought-provoking picture story book while Crew and Steven Woolman's Tagged (1997) is an idiosyncratic graphic novel. The picture story book illustrations depict the commemorative tree as more real, more present than the books' human beings. The verbal text asserts that memory will live on through generations of the war veterans' family, as in the tree, but the illustrations of the cutting down of the tree and the verbal text revealing a veteran's self-censorship reveal these claims to be at best tenuous, at worst, false. Nevertheless, despite the current town council's disrespect for the commemorative tree, the Anzac Day ceremony remains a socially sanctioned rite of remembering war. The illustrations to Tagged represent a war veteran's confused mind and his compulsive reliving of his past as confusing visual images with a lack of clear cues for the reader's eye to follow, as the boy observer moves more deeply into the labyrinthine building where the man hides. While Memorial's war memorials are complete, public, in good condition and easily accessible, the bewildering passages and openings of Tagged's building suggest the man's stuck memories, the boy's problems with interpreting war images and also a society's not altogether successful attempt to repress collective acknowledgement of its war past. In contrast with Memorial, Tagged is a memorial to the unknown soldier, offering a different kind of historical truth to any officials, public, empty tomb.
Description:
A sample of 311 primary school teachers completed the Spiritual Health in Four Domains Index alongside the abbreviated revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and measures of religiosity. The data demonstrate that higher levels of spiritual health are found among older teachers who record low scores on the psychoticism scale and who practice religious faith through church attendance and personal prayer.
Description:
A sample of 311 primary school teachers completed the Spiritual Health in Four Domains Index alongside the abbreviated revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and measures of religiosity. The data demonstrate that higher levels of spiritual health are found among older teachers who record low scores on the psychoticism scale and who practice religious faith through church attendance and personal prayer.
Description:
The collapse of the centrally administered economies gave rise to a transition process towards economic systems based on market relations. Nevertheless, the transition process is not restricted to the economic field. The political and ideological aspects of the transformation are fundamental. As such an analysis of the shock therapy model requires the exposition of what I define the primary elements of the shock therapy model which are: 1) The body of economic analysis used by the shock therapy model. 2) What structure of society the shock therapy model desires to achieve? 3) The speed of the reforms. 4) The political structure consistent with the model. 5) The consistent ideological structure. After the identification of the primary elements of the shock therapy model the next step is to identify secondary elements, the desired changes with respect to: 1) Price liberalisation-stabilisation. 2) Privatisation. 3) Institutional structure. 4) Monetary policy. 5) Fiscal policy. 6) International trade and Foreign Aid. 7) Social policy. The analytical framework developed makes possible to understand the shock therapy model from a new and more enlightening perspective. We are better able to comprehend the complexities involved and the disagreements about the reform process.
Description:
The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which fearful and catastrophic cognitions, and self-efficacy for managing panic predicted various panic attack characteristics in panic disorder. The cognitive variables consisted of anxiety sensitivity, the frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions and measures of catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms. The panic parameters were number and severity of panic symptoms, distress associated with panic attacks, worry about future panics, duration of panic disorder, and life interference due to panic disorder. These variables were measured in 40 people with panic disorder, 31 of whom also had significant agoraphobia. The frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions was the strongest predictor of panic attack symptomatology, predicting number of symptoms, symptom severity and degree of anticipatory fear of panic. Catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms and anxiety sensitivity did not independently predict any panic parameters. Only self-efficacy for managing the rapid build-up of panic symptoms was specifically related to panic severity. The results therefore suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy for panic symptoms in panic disorder should reduce fearful cognitions rather than focus on panic coping strategies. The results offer little support for the contribution of the expectancy or catastrophic misinterpretation theories to the maintenance of panic disorder.
Description:
While Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is being superseded by an integrated approach to language learning and technology, it still has great potential to assist indigenous peoples in becoming print-literate in their own languages. This can also help to combat the disempowerment experienced by indigenous people as their world is penetrated by others with radically different backgrounds. This paper reports on research on an application of CALL implemented among the Kunib dji, a remote, indigenous Australian community. It focuses on the use of talking books in Ndj bbana, a language with only 200 speakers; the books were displayed on touch-screens at various locations in the community. Investigations into the roles of the computer to support language learning and cultural understanding are also reported. The computer was found to be a useful tool in promoting Kunib dji collaboration and cultural transformation.
Description:
While Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is being superseded by an integrated approach to language learning and technology, it still has great potential to assist indigenous peoples in becoming print-literate in their own languages. This can also help to combat the disempowerment experienced by indigenous people as their world is penetrated by others with radically different backgrounds. This paper reports on research on an application of CALL implemented among the Kunib dji, a remote, indigenous Australian community. It focuses on the use of talking books in Ndj bbana, a language with only 200 speakers; the books were displayed on touch-screens at various locations in the community. Investigations into the roles of the computer to support language learning and cultural understanding are also reported. The computer was found to be a useful tool in promoting Kunib dji collaboration and cultural transformation.
Description:
We examine the validity of the zero duality gap properties for two important dual schemes: a generalized augmented Lagrangian dual scheme and a nonlinear Lagrange-type dual scheme. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the zero duality gap property to hold are established in terms of the lower semicontinuity of the perturbation functions.
Description:
Johann Arnason and Shmuel Eisenstadt's social theories have remarkably different origins. Yet each has moved onto common ground with the other over a period of time. They meet in historical sociology in dialogue over theories of state formation and images of civilisation. Each is engaged in a project of revising civilisations sociology that reaches an apex with the comparative study of Japan.Their groundbreaking contributions can be read critically against a wider background of debates about postcolonialism, the reputation of the notion of civilisation and the state of area studies in the humanities and social sciences.