- Hungerford, Catherine, Hills, Sharon, Richards, Catelyn, Robinson, Tracy, Hills, Danny
- Authors: Hungerford, Catherine , Hills, Sharon , Richards, Catelyn , Robinson, Tracy , Hills, Danny
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 43, no. 11 (2022), p. 1014-1021
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The origins of mindfulness go back some 25 centuries to Eastern teachings, including Buddhism and Hinduism. Mindfulness-based interventions gained credence in Western mental health settings in the late 1970s through the work of medical researcher Kabat-Zinn, whose interest in Eastern meditation led him to develop a program for stress reduction. Since then, mindfulness-based interventions have been utilized for various populations, including older people with anxiety. Group mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated benefits for older people with anxiety living in residential aged care and the community. In primary care settings, innovative delivery models for group mindfulness-based interventions could be facilitated by nurses to support older people with anxiety to age in place with dignity. The benefits of mindfulness-based interventions suggest the value of integrating ancient Eastern techniques with modern Western strategies to achieve better health outcomes for older people with mental health concerns. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Brown, Taylor, Griffiths, Mark
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Brown, Taylor , Griffiths, Mark
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Psychiatry Research Vol. 313, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Over the past two decades, many problematic/excessive behaviours have increasingly been conceptualized as addictions due to their similarity with more traditional psychoactive substance addictions. The primary aim of the present study was to simultaneously examine the factor structure of three psychoactive substance addictions (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and substance use) and seven behavioural addictions (sex, social media use, shopping, exercise, online gambling, internet gaming, and internet use), using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 481) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 487). A total of 968 participants completed an online survey including ten psychometric scales assessing the ten different potentially addictive behaviours. EFA supported a two-factor solution, with different factors for the psychoactive substance and behavioural addictions (excluding exercise addiction). CFA supported the two-factor model in a separate sample. There was good support for the concurrent and discriminant validities of the CFA latent factors and the reliability of the behavioural latent factor in the two-factor CFA model. While there was support for the concurrent and discriminant validities of the psychoactive substance latent factor, there was insufficient support for its reliability. The taxonomic, theoretical, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2022
Factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice : scoping review
- Joseph, Bindu, Jacob, Sini, Lam, Louisa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Joseph, Bindu , Jacob, Sini , Lam, Louisa , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4274-4284
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This review aims to identify the factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice, recognize gaps in the literature and propose evidence-based strategies. Background: Mental health is a challenging specialty; recruitment, transition and retention of mental health nurses are known issues of concern. Evaluation: The present study undertakes a scoping review to identify factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice and the gaps in that research domain. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. To gain an understanding of the topic of interest, the review of the literature extended from 2000 to 2022. Key issues: Existing evidence focuses on specific perspectives of transition. There is limited literature on factors influencing transition and retention among mental health nurses. Findings suggested that personal and professional factors could influence the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice. The main themes identified were personal attributes and professional factors with a number of subthemes. Conclusion: The scoping review identified only a few studies, which showed personal and professional factors related to the transition and retention of mental health nurses at the early stages of their career. Implications for nursing management: Potential benefits of effective transition and support with the understanding of factors influencing transition and retention of early career mental health nurses will enhance staff morale, sustainability of the workforce and better patient outcomes. Additionally, a few recommendations for nurse managers and leaders to improve transitional experiences and retention of early career nurses are highlighted. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Joseph, Bindu , Jacob, Sini , Lam, Louisa , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4274-4284
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This review aims to identify the factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice, recognize gaps in the literature and propose evidence-based strategies. Background: Mental health is a challenging specialty; recruitment, transition and retention of mental health nurses are known issues of concern. Evaluation: The present study undertakes a scoping review to identify factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice and the gaps in that research domain. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. To gain an understanding of the topic of interest, the review of the literature extended from 2000 to 2022. Key issues: Existing evidence focuses on specific perspectives of transition. There is limited literature on factors influencing transition and retention among mental health nurses. Findings suggested that personal and professional factors could influence the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice. The main themes identified were personal attributes and professional factors with a number of subthemes. Conclusion: The scoping review identified only a few studies, which showed personal and professional factors related to the transition and retention of mental health nurses at the early stages of their career. Implications for nursing management: Potential benefits of effective transition and support with the understanding of factors influencing transition and retention of early career mental health nurses will enhance staff morale, sustainability of the workforce and better patient outcomes. Additionally, a few recommendations for nurse managers and leaders to improve transitional experiences and retention of early career nurses are highlighted. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Few-shot image classification : current status and research trends
- Liu, Ying, Zhang, Hengchang, Zhang, Weidong, Lu, Guojun, Tian, Qi, Ling, Nam
- Authors: Liu, Ying , Zhang, Hengchang , Zhang, Weidong , Lu, Guojun , Tian, Qi , Ling, Nam
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Electronics (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 11 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Conventional image classification methods usually require a large number of training samples for the training model. However, in practical scenarios, the amount of available sample data is often insufficient, which easily leads to overfitting in network construction. Few-shot learning provides an effective solution to this problem and has been a hot research topic. This paper provides an intensive survey on the state-of-the-art techniques in image classification based on few-shot learning. According to the different deep learning mechanisms, the existing algorithms are di-vided into four categories: transfer learning based, meta-learning based, data augmentation based, and multimodal based methods. Transfer learning based methods transfer useful prior knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. Meta-learning based methods employ past prior knowledge to guide the learning of new tasks. Data augmentation based methods expand the amount of sample data with auxiliary information. Multimodal based methods use the information of the auxiliary modal to facilitate the implementation of image classification tasks. This paper also summarizes the few-shot image datasets available in the literature, and experimental results tested by some representative algorithms are provided to compare their performance and analyze their pros and cons. In addition, the application of existing research outcomes on few-shot image classification in different practical fields are discussed. Finally, a few future research directions are iden-tified. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Liu, Ying , Zhang, Hengchang , Zhang, Weidong , Lu, Guojun , Tian, Qi , Ling, Nam
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Electronics (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 11 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Conventional image classification methods usually require a large number of training samples for the training model. However, in practical scenarios, the amount of available sample data is often insufficient, which easily leads to overfitting in network construction. Few-shot learning provides an effective solution to this problem and has been a hot research topic. This paper provides an intensive survey on the state-of-the-art techniques in image classification based on few-shot learning. According to the different deep learning mechanisms, the existing algorithms are di-vided into four categories: transfer learning based, meta-learning based, data augmentation based, and multimodal based methods. Transfer learning based methods transfer useful prior knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. Meta-learning based methods employ past prior knowledge to guide the learning of new tasks. Data augmentation based methods expand the amount of sample data with auxiliary information. Multimodal based methods use the information of the auxiliary modal to facilitate the implementation of image classification tasks. This paper also summarizes the few-shot image datasets available in the literature, and experimental results tested by some representative algorithms are provided to compare their performance and analyze their pros and cons. In addition, the application of existing research outcomes on few-shot image classification in different practical fields are discussed. Finally, a few future research directions are iden-tified. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Gambling disorder in the UK : key research priorities and the urgent need for independent research funding
- Bowden-Jones, Henrietta, Hook, Roxanne, Grant, Jon, Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Corazza, Ornella, Fineberg, Naomi, Singer, Bryan, Roberts, Amanda, Bethlehem, Richard, Dymond, Simon, Romero-Garcia, Rafa, Robbins, Trevor, Cortese, Samuele, Thomas, Shane, Sahakian, Barbara, Dowling, Nicki, Chamberlain, Samuel
- Authors: Bowden-Jones, Henrietta , Hook, Roxanne , Grant, Jon , Ioannidis, Konstantinos , Corazza, Ornella , Fineberg, Naomi , Singer, Bryan , Roberts, Amanda , Bethlehem, Richard , Dymond, Simon , Romero-Garcia, Rafa , Robbins, Trevor , Cortese, Samuele , Thomas, Shane , Sahakian, Barbara , Dowling, Nicki , Chamberlain, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Psychiatry Vol. 9, no. 4 (2022), p. 321-329
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Gambling in the modern era is pervasive owing to the variety of gambling opportunities available, including those that use technology (eg, online applications on smartphones). Although many people gamble recreationally without undue negative effects, a sizeable subset of individuals develop disordered gambling, which is associated with marked functional impairment including other mental health problems, relationship problems, bankruptcy, suicidality, and criminality. The National UK Research Network for Behavioural Addictions (NUK-BA) was established to promote understanding of, research into, and treatments for behavioural addictions including gambling disorder, which is the only formally recognised behavioural addiction. In this Health Policy paper, we outline the status of research and treatment for disordered gambling in the UK (including funding issues) and key research that should be conducted to establish the magnitude of the problem, vulnerability and resilience factors, the underlying neurobiology, long-term consequences, and treatment opportunities. In particular, we emphasise the need to: (1) conduct independent longitudinal research into the prevalence of disordered gambling (including gambling disorder and at-risk gambling), and gambling harms, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (2) select and refine the most suitable pragmatic measurement tools; (3) identify predictors (eg, vulnerability and resilience markers) of disordered gambling in people who gamble recreationally, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (4) conduct randomised controlled trials on psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder; (5) improve understanding of the neurobiological basis of gambling disorder, including impulsivity and compulsivity, genetics, and biomarkers; and (6) develop clinical guidelines based on the best contemporary research evidence to guide effective clinical interventions. We also highlight the need to consider what can be learnt from approaches towards mitigating gambling-related harm in other countries. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Bowden-Jones, Henrietta , Hook, Roxanne , Grant, Jon , Ioannidis, Konstantinos , Corazza, Ornella , Fineberg, Naomi , Singer, Bryan , Roberts, Amanda , Bethlehem, Richard , Dymond, Simon , Romero-Garcia, Rafa , Robbins, Trevor , Cortese, Samuele , Thomas, Shane , Sahakian, Barbara , Dowling, Nicki , Chamberlain, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Psychiatry Vol. 9, no. 4 (2022), p. 321-329
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Gambling in the modern era is pervasive owing to the variety of gambling opportunities available, including those that use technology (eg, online applications on smartphones). Although many people gamble recreationally without undue negative effects, a sizeable subset of individuals develop disordered gambling, which is associated with marked functional impairment including other mental health problems, relationship problems, bankruptcy, suicidality, and criminality. The National UK Research Network for Behavioural Addictions (NUK-BA) was established to promote understanding of, research into, and treatments for behavioural addictions including gambling disorder, which is the only formally recognised behavioural addiction. In this Health Policy paper, we outline the status of research and treatment for disordered gambling in the UK (including funding issues) and key research that should be conducted to establish the magnitude of the problem, vulnerability and resilience factors, the underlying neurobiology, long-term consequences, and treatment opportunities. In particular, we emphasise the need to: (1) conduct independent longitudinal research into the prevalence of disordered gambling (including gambling disorder and at-risk gambling), and gambling harms, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (2) select and refine the most suitable pragmatic measurement tools; (3) identify predictors (eg, vulnerability and resilience markers) of disordered gambling in people who gamble recreationally, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (4) conduct randomised controlled trials on psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder; (5) improve understanding of the neurobiological basis of gambling disorder, including impulsivity and compulsivity, genetics, and biomarkers; and (6) develop clinical guidelines based on the best contemporary research evidence to guide effective clinical interventions. We also highlight the need to consider what can be learnt from approaches towards mitigating gambling-related harm in other countries. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Home-based work and ergonomics : physical and psychosocial considerations
- Reznik, Jacqueline, Hungerford, Catherine, Kornhaber, Rachel, Cleary, Michelle
- Authors: Reznik, Jacqueline , Hungerford, Catherine , Kornhaber, Rachel , Cleary, Michelle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 43, no. 10 (2022), p. 975-979
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Reznik, Jacqueline , Hungerford, Catherine , Kornhaber, Rachel , Cleary, Michelle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 43, no. 10 (2022), p. 975-979
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Rantung, Gilny, Griffiths, Debra, Plummer, Virginia, Moss, Cheryle
- Authors: Rantung, Gilny , Griffiths, Debra , Plummer, Virginia , Moss, Cheryle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 31, no. 7-8 (2022), p. 843-859
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this integrative review was to assess how emergency nurses cope and motivate themselves to sustain their caring work. Background: The need to enhance sustainability of the workforce creates a demand to consolidate contemporary evidence related to emergency nurses’ motivations, how they cope and sustain themselves for caring work. Design and methods: The integrative literature review informed by Whittemore and Knafl involved searching four databases, which yielded 977 published research papers (2008–2021). A total of 33 studies met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. The PRISMA checklist for review was followed. Results: No studies addressing all three areas (motivations, coping and caring sustainability) together were identified. Integration of evidence from quantitative and qualitative research was achieved in three categories: (1) emergency nurses’ motivations to sustain their work, (2) emergency nurses’ coping strategies and (3) sustaining care as emergency nurses. Conclusion: To sustain themselves in caring work, emergency nurses need to be intrinsically and extrinsically motivated and know how to cope effectively with stressors and work demands. There is need for research examining the relationships between these aspects of emergency nursing work. Relevance to clinical practice: To ensure the sustainability of emergency nurses’ work and careers understanding of the factors that influence and sustain their motivations and coping strategies is important for nurses and their clinical leaders and managers. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Cleary, Michelle, West, Sancia, Hunt, Glenn, McLean, Loyola, Hungerford, Catherine, Kornhaber, Rachel
- Authors: Cleary, Michelle , West, Sancia , Hunt, Glenn , McLean, Loyola , Hungerford, Catherine , Kornhaber, Rachel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 43, no. 12 (2022), p. 1093-1106
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: For people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the risk of mental illness, including suicidality, has a higher prevalence than the general population. This scoping review explored how people with ASD access suicide hotlines/crisis support services; and current approaches to delivering mental health services (MHS) to people with ASD. A search identified 28 studies meeting the selection criteria with analysis revealing four key findings. The support received by the person with ASD influenced how they accessed MHS; people often encounter barriers to accessing MHS; a separation exists between autism and MHS; and no studies on accessing or delivering MHS through crisis hotlines. The presence of such autism-specific crisis hotlines and the dearth of studies suggest a void in the existing research. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Impact of dementia literacy interventions for non-health-professionals: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Nguyen, Hoang, Phan, Hoang, Terry, Daniel, Doherty, Kathleen, McInerney, Fran
- Authors: Nguyen, Hoang , Phan, Hoang , Terry, Daniel , Doherty, Kathleen , McInerney, Fran
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Aging and Mental Health Vol. 26, no. 3 (2022), p. 442-456
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To assess evidence regarding the effects of interventions aimed at improving dementia literacy for different groups of non-health-professionals. Methods: A systematic search for relevant interventions was conducted using a range of online databases (e.g. CINAHL, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, and PsycINFO) and hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible interventions were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria. Meta analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: The final review included 14 interventions, which were either randomised controlled trials or non-randomised controlled trials. The interventions had varied contents, approaches, settings, and outcome measures. Evidence of improved dementia literacy in various aspects was found, and the intervention effects were strongest on knowledge of dementia. Discussion: There is evidence for the positive impact of dementia literacy interventions on different groups of non-health-professionals. Best practices in intervention contents, approaches, and outcome measures should be examined to guide future interventions. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Authors: Nguyen, Hoang , Phan, Hoang , Terry, Daniel , Doherty, Kathleen , McInerney, Fran
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Aging and Mental Health Vol. 26, no. 3 (2022), p. 442-456
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To assess evidence regarding the effects of interventions aimed at improving dementia literacy for different groups of non-health-professionals. Methods: A systematic search for relevant interventions was conducted using a range of online databases (e.g. CINAHL, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, and PsycINFO) and hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible interventions were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria. Meta analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: The final review included 14 interventions, which were either randomised controlled trials or non-randomised controlled trials. The interventions had varied contents, approaches, settings, and outcome measures. Evidence of improved dementia literacy in various aspects was found, and the intervention effects were strongest on knowledge of dementia. Discussion: There is evidence for the positive impact of dementia literacy interventions on different groups of non-health-professionals. Best practices in intervention contents, approaches, and outcome measures should be examined to guide future interventions. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Vigo, Cristian, Myller, Kyle, Sánchez, Adriano, Ayan, Carlos
- Authors: Vigo, Cristian , Myller, Kyle , Sánchez, Adriano , Ayan, Carlos
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Archivos de Medicina del Deporte Vol. 39, no. 1 (2022), p. 50-61
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Flexibility is recognized as a strong marker of physical health in children. Scientific research has indicated that there is a worldwide decline in children's physical fitness, including a reduction in flexibility levels. It has been suggested that a lack of flexibility in youth may be responsible for several health complications, including back pain, injury risk, and posture problems. Physical education (PE) classes are part of the school curriculum, which are an ideal setting to improve children physical fitness levels. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether incorporating a stretching component during regular PE classes can improve flexibility in school children. Three electronic databases were searched systematically until June 2019 for studies analysing the effects of interventions performed during PE classes aimed to improve the flexibility levels of school children (6-18 years). The critical appraisal was carried using PEDro and MINORS scales and a meta-analysis was performed. Seventeen studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality were included in the review and 14 in the meta-analysis, pooling 874 participants. The interventions showed significant improvements in the flexibility of the children, although the relative influence of genre could not be further analysed, due to the fact that insufficient data was reported. The meta-analysis for the hamstring flexibility resulted in a significant moderate effect. Flexibility levels can be improved through the incorporation of stretching interventions during PE classes, since flexibility is a key health-related physical fitness componentFurther research is needed on the effects of such interventions on trunk and upper body flexibility. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
- Kemel, Paul, Porter, Joanne, Coombs, Nicole
- Authors: Kemel, Paul , Porter, Joanne , Coombs, Nicole
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 33, no. 3 (2022), p. 590-601
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Across various parts of the world there is an increasing trend in adolescent and young adult physical inactivity, which has been linked to a multitude of illnesses throughout the lifespan. To further understand the link between physical inactivity and illness, it is important to determine the effect that physical activity has various components of wellbeing. The primary aim of this review was to compile and synthesise the recent evidence on physical activity and its effect on physical, mental and social wellbeing across younger populations. The secondary aim was to determine whether there is relationship between the amount, type and intensity of exercise, and changes in wellbeing outcomes. Methods: Main databases were searched using MeSH terms for the population of interest (young adult, adolescent), intervention (physical activity) and outcome (wellbeing). Upon screening papers of eligibility, quality appraisal was completed through the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP). Results: Nineteen studies were included in this review. The majority of studies found an associated link between the participation of physical activity and improvements in physical, mental and social wellbeing outcomes. There was evidence to suggest that lower levels of physical intensity produced similar results in mental and social outcomes when compared to higher levels of physical intensity. Conclusion: This review supports the encouragement of adolescent and young adult physical activity, noting the improvements seen across the physical, mental and social wellbeing outcomes. Future research is still required to further understand the benefits of lower intensity exercise within the adolescent and young adult population. © 2021 Australian Health Promotion Association.
Indicators of job quality in the Australian aged care workforce : a scoping review
- Carnemolla, Phillippa, Taylor, Philip, Gringart, Eyal, Adams, Claire
- Authors: Carnemolla, Phillippa , Taylor, Philip , Gringart, Eyal , Adams, Claire
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Australasian Journal on Ageing Vol. 41, no. 2 (2022), p. e94-e102
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: As governments grapple with ageing populations, there is a need to understand more about the aged care workforce and how it is managed. Methods: We undertook a scoping review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Scopus and PubMed were used to identify papers published between 2010 and 2020. We mapped the breadth and scale of the evidence base according to the QuInnE indicators of job quality. Results: Out of 642 titles and abstracts that were screened, 122 were selected. Outcomes were measured across a range of domains, including wages, employment quality, education and training, working conditions, work/life balance and consultative participation and collective representation. These were distributed unevenly, revealing evidence gaps. Conclusions: We identified significant knowledge gaps regarding Australia's aged care workforce at a time when the sector is coming under fresh scrutiny and projections indicate that it will face critical labour shortfalls going forward. © 2021 AJA Inc.
Kidney omics in hypertension: from statistical associations to biological mechanisms and clinical applications
- Tomaszewski, Maciej, Morris, Andrew, Howson, Joanna, Franceschini, Nora, Eales, James, Xu, Xiaoguang, Dikalov, Sergey, Guzik, Tomasz, Humphreys, Benjamin, Harrap, Stephen, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Tomaszewski, Maciej , Morris, Andrew , Howson, Joanna , Franceschini, Nora , Eales, James , Xu, Xiaoguang , Dikalov, Sergey , Guzik, Tomasz , Humphreys, Benjamin , Harrap, Stephen , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Kidney International Vol. 102, no. 3 (2022), p. 492-505
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and contributor to premature death globally. Family-based investigations confirmed a significant heritable component of blood pressure (BP), whereas genome-wide association studies revealed >1000 common and rare genetic variants associated with BP and/or hypertension. The kidney is not only an organ of key relevance to BP regulation and the development of hypertension, but it also acts as the tissue mediator of genetic predisposition to hypertension. The identity of kidney genes, pathways, and related mechanisms underlying the genetic associations with BP has started to emerge through integration of genomics with kidney transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other omics as well as through applications of causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization. Single-cell methods further enabled mapping of BP-associated kidney genes to cell types, and in conjunction with other omics, started to illuminate the biological mechanisms underpinning associations of BP-associated genetic variants and kidney genes. Polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies and refined on kidney omics hold the promise of enhanced diagnostic prediction, whereas kidney omics-informed drug discovery is likely to contribute new therapeutic opportunities for hypertension and hypertension-mediated kidney damage. © 2022 International Society of Nephrology
- Authors: Tomaszewski, Maciej , Morris, Andrew , Howson, Joanna , Franceschini, Nora , Eales, James , Xu, Xiaoguang , Dikalov, Sergey , Guzik, Tomasz , Humphreys, Benjamin , Harrap, Stephen , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Kidney International Vol. 102, no. 3 (2022), p. 492-505
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and contributor to premature death globally. Family-based investigations confirmed a significant heritable component of blood pressure (BP), whereas genome-wide association studies revealed >1000 common and rare genetic variants associated with BP and/or hypertension. The kidney is not only an organ of key relevance to BP regulation and the development of hypertension, but it also acts as the tissue mediator of genetic predisposition to hypertension. The identity of kidney genes, pathways, and related mechanisms underlying the genetic associations with BP has started to emerge through integration of genomics with kidney transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other omics as well as through applications of causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization. Single-cell methods further enabled mapping of BP-associated kidney genes to cell types, and in conjunction with other omics, started to illuminate the biological mechanisms underpinning associations of BP-associated genetic variants and kidney genes. Polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies and refined on kidney omics hold the promise of enhanced diagnostic prediction, whereas kidney omics-informed drug discovery is likely to contribute new therapeutic opportunities for hypertension and hypertension-mediated kidney damage. © 2022 International Society of Nephrology
Knowledge about, attitude toward, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine among nursing students : a systematic review of cross-sectional studies
- Zhao, Fei-Yi, Kennedy, Gerard, Cleary, Sonja, Conduit, Russell, Zhang, Wen-Jing, Fu, Qiang-Qiang, Zheng, Zhen
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Cleary, Sonja , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 10, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The globally growing demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has attracted educators' attention to integrate CAM into conventional nursing programs. This systematic review aimed to understand the status quo of nursing students (NSs)' overall rated knowledge of, attitude/belief toward, and practice/previous use or experience (KAP) of CAM in surveys, given these factors may influence NSs' receptivity to CAM curricula, and may be of value in guiding the development of effective teaching strategies. Methods: Formally published cross-sectional quantitative studies investigating the primary outcome of KAP toward CAM by NSs were searched for from eight databases from their inception through to 28 April 2022. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Results: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis, 25 of which were judged to be of moderate to high quality. Despite limited and poorly informed knowledge of CAM therapies, the majority of NSs generally viewed them in a positive light. Furthermore, NSs usually reported an interest in further learning, and supported and welcomed the integration of CAM curricula, at least as elective modules, into existing nursing programs. Lack of evidence was perceived as a major barrier to the use or integration of CAM. Mass media and the internet were the main sources via which NSs access CAM information. Measurement of KAP in all included studies was via self-designed questionnaires/scales or adapted from previously developed questionnaires/scales. Conclusions: The need for integrating and strengthening CAM curricula into current nursing education is identified. Besides theoretical knowledge and matched clinical placement, skills training in literature searching and evidence-based practice are advised to be included in the curricula design. The experiential learning mode is strongly recommended for delivering specific CAM modalities. In addition, a standard instrumentation for determining NSs' KAP toward CAM should be designed and examined for use in different cultural settings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=300602, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022300602. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Cleary, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Cleary, Sonja , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 10, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The globally growing demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has attracted educators' attention to integrate CAM into conventional nursing programs. This systematic review aimed to understand the status quo of nursing students (NSs)' overall rated knowledge of, attitude/belief toward, and practice/previous use or experience (KAP) of CAM in surveys, given these factors may influence NSs' receptivity to CAM curricula, and may be of value in guiding the development of effective teaching strategies. Methods: Formally published cross-sectional quantitative studies investigating the primary outcome of KAP toward CAM by NSs were searched for from eight databases from their inception through to 28 April 2022. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Results: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis, 25 of which were judged to be of moderate to high quality. Despite limited and poorly informed knowledge of CAM therapies, the majority of NSs generally viewed them in a positive light. Furthermore, NSs usually reported an interest in further learning, and supported and welcomed the integration of CAM curricula, at least as elective modules, into existing nursing programs. Lack of evidence was perceived as a major barrier to the use or integration of CAM. Mass media and the internet were the main sources via which NSs access CAM information. Measurement of KAP in all included studies was via self-designed questionnaires/scales or adapted from previously developed questionnaires/scales. Conclusions: The need for integrating and strengthening CAM curricula into current nursing education is identified. Besides theoretical knowledge and matched clinical placement, skills training in literature searching and evidence-based practice are advised to be included in the curricula design. The experiential learning mode is strongly recommended for delivering specific CAM modalities. In addition, a standard instrumentation for determining NSs' KAP toward CAM should be designed and examined for use in different cultural settings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=300602, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022300602. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Cleary, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
Methods and applications of social media monitoring of mental health during disasters : scoping review
- Teague, Samantha, Shatte, Adrian, Weller, Emmelyn, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Hutchinson, Delyse
- Authors: Teague, Samantha , Shatte, Adrian , Weller, Emmelyn , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew , Hutchinson, Delyse
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: JMIR Mental Health Vol. 9, no. 2 (2022), p.
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- Description: Background: With the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters internationally, there is growing research and clinical interest in the application of social media sites for disaster mental health surveillance. However, important questions remain regarding the extent to which unstructured social media data can be harnessed for clinically meaningful decision-making. Objective: This comprehensive scoping review synthesizes interdisciplinary literature with a particular focus on research methods and applications. Methods: A total of 6 health and computer science databases were searched for studies published before April 20, 2021, resulting in the identification of 47 studies. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed outlets and examined mental health during disasters or crises by using social media data. Results: Applications across 31 mental health issues were identified, which were grouped into the following three broader themes: estimating mental health burden, planning or evaluating interventions and policies, and knowledge discovery. Mental health assessments were completed by primarily using lexical dictionaries and human annotations. The analyses included a range of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, statistical modeling, and qualitative techniques. The overall reporting quality was poor, with key details such as the total number of users and data features often not being reported. Further, biases in sample selection and related limitations in generalizability were often overlooked. Conclusions: The application of social media monitoring has considerable potential for measuring mental health impacts on populations during disasters. Studies have primarily conceptualized mental health in broad terms, such as distress or negative affect, but greater focus is required on validating mental health assessments. There was little evidence for the clinical integration of social media-based disaster mental health monitoring, such as combining surveillance with social media-based interventions or developing and testing real-world disaster management tools. To address issues with study quality, a structured set of reporting guidelines is recommended to improve the methodological quality, replicability, and clinical relevance of future research on the social media monitoring of mental health during disasters. © 2022 Samantha J Teague, Adrian B R Shatte, Emmelyn Weller, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Delyse M Hutchinson.
- Authors: Teague, Samantha , Shatte, Adrian , Weller, Emmelyn , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew , Hutchinson, Delyse
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: JMIR Mental Health Vol. 9, no. 2 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: With the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters internationally, there is growing research and clinical interest in the application of social media sites for disaster mental health surveillance. However, important questions remain regarding the extent to which unstructured social media data can be harnessed for clinically meaningful decision-making. Objective: This comprehensive scoping review synthesizes interdisciplinary literature with a particular focus on research methods and applications. Methods: A total of 6 health and computer science databases were searched for studies published before April 20, 2021, resulting in the identification of 47 studies. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed outlets and examined mental health during disasters or crises by using social media data. Results: Applications across 31 mental health issues were identified, which were grouped into the following three broader themes: estimating mental health burden, planning or evaluating interventions and policies, and knowledge discovery. Mental health assessments were completed by primarily using lexical dictionaries and human annotations. The analyses included a range of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, statistical modeling, and qualitative techniques. The overall reporting quality was poor, with key details such as the total number of users and data features often not being reported. Further, biases in sample selection and related limitations in generalizability were often overlooked. Conclusions: The application of social media monitoring has considerable potential for measuring mental health impacts on populations during disasters. Studies have primarily conceptualized mental health in broad terms, such as distress or negative affect, but greater focus is required on validating mental health assessments. There was little evidence for the clinical integration of social media-based disaster mental health monitoring, such as combining surveillance with social media-based interventions or developing and testing real-world disaster management tools. To address issues with study quality, a structured set of reporting guidelines is recommended to improve the methodological quality, replicability, and clinical relevance of future research on the social media monitoring of mental health during disasters. © 2022 Samantha J Teague, Adrian B R Shatte, Emmelyn Weller, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Delyse M Hutchinson.
Midwives’ experiences of facilitating informed decision-making – a narrative literature review
- Kloester, Joy, Willey, Suzanne, Hall, Helen, Brand, Gabrielle
- Authors: Kloester, Joy , Willey, Suzanne , Hall, Helen , Brand, Gabrielle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Midwifery Vol. 109, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Informed decision-making is a vital component of midwifery philosophy and a core recommendation of the global respectful maternity care charter; however, women and midwives report a lack of informed decision-making in actual practice. Research reveals informed decision-making improves physical and mental health outcomes for women, regardless of childbearing experience, and is a protective factor for midwives’ job satisfaction. There is currently little known about midwives’ experiences of facilitating informed decision-making, and associated barriers. Objective: To critically appraise and synthesize the best qualitative evidence exploring midwives’ experiences of facilitating women's informed decision-making. Methods: A systematic search of key databases and grey literature for qualitative research in English language published between 2010-2019. Quality assessment followed CASP guidelines and this review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Data were synthesised narratively. Results: Midwives were shown to have a strong desire to facilitate informed decision-making, yet reported a disparity between philosophy and practice due to multiple barriers. Barriers included; lack of specific knowledge and training, fear of blame and litigation, structural constraints including lack of time and fragmented models of midwifery care, and multidisciplinary philosophical disparities. Conclusion: Existing literature identifies informed decision-making is the gold-standard in providing safe and respectful maternity care, yet this review demonstrates that it is not well executed in actual practice. Midwives recognise this disparity and identify barriers which require urgent education, research, policy and practice solutions. © 2022
Mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Golledge, Jonathan, Krishna, Smriti, Wang, Yutang
- Authors: Golledge, Jonathan , Krishna, Smriti , Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: British Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 179, no. 5 (2022), p. 792-810
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- Description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc. © 2020 The British Pharmacological Society
- Authors: Golledge, Jonathan , Krishna, Smriti , Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: British Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 179, no. 5 (2022), p. 792-810
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc. © 2020 The British Pharmacological Society
Neglected tropical diseases in Australia : a narrative review
- Kurcheid, Johanna, Gordon, Catherine, Clarke, Naomi, Wangdi, Kinley, Kelly, Matthew, Lal, Aparna, Mutombo, Polydor, Wang, Dongxu, Mationg, Mary, Clements, Archie, Muhi, Stephen, Bradbury, Richard, Biggs, Beverley-Ann, Page, Wendy, Williams, Gail, McManus, Donald, Gray, Darren
- Authors: Kurcheid, Johanna , Gordon, Catherine , Clarke, Naomi , Wangdi, Kinley , Kelly, Matthew , Lal, Aparna , Mutombo, Polydor , Wang, Dongxu , Mationg, Mary , Clements, Archie , Muhi, Stephen , Bradbury, Richard , Biggs, Beverley-Ann , Page, Wendy , Williams, Gail , McManus, Donald , Gray, Darren
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 216, no. 10 (2022), p. 532-538
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a threat to the health, wellbeing and economic prosperity of billions of people worldwide, often causing serious disease or death. •Commonly considered diseases of low and middle-income nations, the presence of NTDs in high income countries such as Australia is often overlooked. •Seven of the 20 recognised NTDs are endemic in Australia: scabies, soil-transmitted helminths and strongyloidiasis, echinococcosis, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, trachoma, and snakebite envenoming. •Dengue, while not currently endemic, poses a risk of establishment in Australia. There are occasional outbreaks of dengue fever, with local transmission, due to introductions in travellers from endemic regions. •Similarly, the risk of introduction of other NTDs from neighbouring countries is a concern. Many NTDs are only seen in Australia in individuals travelling from endemic areas, but they need to be recognised in health settings as the potential consequences of infection can be severe. •In this review, we consider the status of NTDs in Australia, explore the risk of introducing and contracting these infections, and emphasise the negative impact they have on the health of Australians, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. © 2022 AMPCo Pty Ltd.
Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings : a scoping review
- Ota, Marianne, Lam, Louisa, Gilbert, Julia, Hills, Danny
- Authors: Ota, Marianne , Lam, Louisa , Gilbert, Julia , Hills, Danny
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4221-4233
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify the existing evidence on how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility amongst nurses in health care settings. Background: Research on managing workplace incivility in nursing, a prevalent and concerning issue worldwide, recommends nurse leaders to command cultural change through strong leadership and civility interventions. However, there is very little empirical evidence summarizing and analysing how nurse leaders pragmatically achieve civility, and combat workplace incivility, in the health care setting. Evaluation: A scoping review was undertaken using the electronic databases CINAHL, Emerald Insight, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature. Key issues: The eight studies included in this review describe how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility under four key themes: (1) creating a shared vision, (2) educating self and others, (3) fostering accountability and (4) providing support. Conclusion: The review provides an overview of commonly used strategies and actions that pragmatically promote and maintain civility in the health care setting by nurse leaders, while also highlighting areas of future research needed to strengthen the evidence base. Implications for Nursing Management: It is important for nurse leaders to gain an understanding of evidence-based practices when addressing workplace incivility in order to address this prevailing problem for the future and safety of nurses moving forward. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Ota, Marianne , Lam, Louisa , Gilbert, Julia , Hills, Danny
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 30, no. 8 (2022), p. 4221-4233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify the existing evidence on how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility amongst nurses in health care settings. Background: Research on managing workplace incivility in nursing, a prevalent and concerning issue worldwide, recommends nurse leaders to command cultural change through strong leadership and civility interventions. However, there is very little empirical evidence summarizing and analysing how nurse leaders pragmatically achieve civility, and combat workplace incivility, in the health care setting. Evaluation: A scoping review was undertaken using the electronic databases CINAHL, Emerald Insight, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature. Key issues: The eight studies included in this review describe how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility under four key themes: (1) creating a shared vision, (2) educating self and others, (3) fostering accountability and (4) providing support. Conclusion: The review provides an overview of commonly used strategies and actions that pragmatically promote and maintain civility in the health care setting by nurse leaders, while also highlighting areas of future research needed to strengthen the evidence base. Implications for Nursing Management: It is important for nurse leaders to gain an understanding of evidence-based practices when addressing workplace incivility in order to address this prevailing problem for the future and safety of nurses moving forward. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Occupational violence and aggression in urgent and critical care in rural health service settings : a systematic review of mixed studies
- Grant, Sharon, Hartanto, Stephanie, Sivasubramaniam, Diane, Heritage, Kaye
- Authors: Grant, Sharon , Hartanto, Stephanie , Sivasubramaniam, Diane , Heritage, Kaye
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e3696-e3715
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- Description: Rural/remote health services are vulnerable to occupational violence and aggression due to factors such as weapon accessibility, poor network coverage and distance to backup. This systematic review investigated (1) the nature of occupational violence and aggression perpetrated in rural/remote health service urgent care settings and (2) the availability and effectiveness of policies/interventions/recommendations that address occupational violence and aggression in this context. We searched Business Source Complete, CINAHL Complete, Health & Society, APAIS Health, Health Collection, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science. Included articles (peer-reviewed, no grey literature and English language) addressed occupational violence and aggression in rural health service urgent care settings. Fifteen articles matched these criteria (total [rural/remote only, where specified] N ~ 2555) and were included in the final analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was applied to assess the risk of bias. A data extraction table and narrative synthesis are presented. The most common occupational violence and aggression type was verbal aggression. The primary perpetrator was patients. Risk factors reflected practitioner age, remoteness, sector, staffing, shift type and area of practice. Precipitating factors were alcohol/drugs, dissatisfaction and mental health conditions. Policy content and limitations and education/training programme effectiveness were not addressed. Community collaboration supported occupational violence and aggression prevention/management. Organisational culture should promote reporting, debriefing and post-incident care for staff well-being. Work environment and job/task design are priorities for safety, but with possible limitations for traumatised clients. Occupational violence and aggression policies/interventions in rural health settings must be systematically evaluated to inform best practices. Co-funded by Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Interdisciplinary Seed Funding Scheme and SMART Rural Health Network. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Grant, Sharon , Hartanto, Stephanie , Sivasubramaniam, Diane , Heritage, Kaye
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e3696-e3715
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Rural/remote health services are vulnerable to occupational violence and aggression due to factors such as weapon accessibility, poor network coverage and distance to backup. This systematic review investigated (1) the nature of occupational violence and aggression perpetrated in rural/remote health service urgent care settings and (2) the availability and effectiveness of policies/interventions/recommendations that address occupational violence and aggression in this context. We searched Business Source Complete, CINAHL Complete, Health & Society, APAIS Health, Health Collection, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science. Included articles (peer-reviewed, no grey literature and English language) addressed occupational violence and aggression in rural health service urgent care settings. Fifteen articles matched these criteria (total [rural/remote only, where specified] N ~ 2555) and were included in the final analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was applied to assess the risk of bias. A data extraction table and narrative synthesis are presented. The most common occupational violence and aggression type was verbal aggression. The primary perpetrator was patients. Risk factors reflected practitioner age, remoteness, sector, staffing, shift type and area of practice. Precipitating factors were alcohol/drugs, dissatisfaction and mental health conditions. Policy content and limitations and education/training programme effectiveness were not addressed. Community collaboration supported occupational violence and aggression prevention/management. Organisational culture should promote reporting, debriefing and post-incident care for staff well-being. Work environment and job/task design are priorities for safety, but with possible limitations for traumatised clients. Occupational violence and aggression policies/interventions in rural health settings must be systematically evaluated to inform best practices. Co-funded by Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Interdisciplinary Seed Funding Scheme and SMART Rural Health Network. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.