Showing items 12881 - 12900 of 17118

The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout : Findings from a comparative cross-sectional study

- Guo, Yu-fang, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Wang, Yan, Cross, Wendy, Zhang, Jing-ping

  • Authors: Guo, Yu-fang , Plummer, Virginia , Lam, Louisa , Wang, Yan , Cross, Wendy , Zhang, Jing-ping
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 28, no. 3-4 (2019), p. 499-508
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  • Description: Aims and objectives: To investigate burnout among nurses from Australia and China and explore the effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurse burnout between the two countries. Background: Nursing shortages and burnout have become serious problems worldwide in recent years. In both developed and developing countries, such as Australia and China, nurse burnout levels are high and therefore attract concern from nurse managers, hospital administrators, nurse educators and researchers. However, few studies have been conducted exploring the differences in burnout and its predictors between Australian and Chinese nurses, particularly investigating the differences in the effect sizes of the predictors. Design: A comparative cross-sectional design was employed. Methods: A total of 100 Australian nurses and 197 Chinese nurses participated in the study. Australian participants completed an online questionnaire, while Chinese participants completed a hardcopy questionnaire. Burnout, resilience and turnover intention were measured. Results: Burnout was worse for Australian participants than Chinese participants. Only having turnover intention significantly predicted burnout in Australian participants, while low resilience, having turnover intention and low level of regular exercise strongly predicted burnout in Chinese participants. The effect size of turnover intention on burnout in the Australian group was almost twice that of the Chinese group. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that there are differences in burnout between Australian and Chinese nurses. The effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout between the two groups are also identified. Relevance to clinical practice: The differences in nurse burnout and the effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout should be better understood by nurse managers from Australia and China. Moreover, developing effective strategies relevant to their own country to reduce nurse burnout is recommended.

The effects of sprint training and the Nordic hamstring exercise on eccentric hamstring strength and sprint performance in adolescent athletes

- Freeman, Brock, Young, Warren, Talpey, Scott, Smyth, Andrew, Pane, Calvin, Carlon, Todd

  • Authors: Freeman, Brock , Young, Warren , Talpey, Scott , Smyth, Andrew , Pane, Calvin , Carlon, Todd
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness Vol. 59, no. 7 (2019), p. 1119-1125
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  • Description: BACKGROUND. Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are among the most common injuries in field-based team sports with a high-speed running component. The implementation of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a well-documented method of improving eccentric hamstring strength to mitigate the risk of HSI occurrence. Sprint training is specific to the injury mechanism and is thought to activate the hamstrings through maximal eccentric contractions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sprint training and the NHE on eccentric hamstring strength and sprint performance. METHODS. Twenty-eight participants (mean +/- SD age=16.21 +/- 1.34 years; height=1.75m +/- 0.10m; body mass=68.5kg +/- 12.1kg) completed an eccentric hamstring strength assessment and 40m sprint to assess acceleration and maximum speed. Participants were randomly allocated to either a NHE training or sprint training group. Two sessions per week for four-weeks of training was performed with baseline testing procedures repeated in the week following the intervention. Perceptions of soreness were recorded following the warm-up in each training session. RESULTS. Both the NHE (effect size=0.39, P<0.05) and sprint training (effect size=0.29, P<0.05) groups displayed significant gains in eccentric hamstring strength. The NHE group reported trivial improvements in sprint performance, whilst the sprint training group experienced a moderate improvement, specifically in maximum speed (ES=0.83 Moderate). Sprint training also produced greater perceptions of soreness than the NHE following a four-week training intervention, specifically before the start of the last session (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. These findings indicate that sprint training had a beneficial effect for both eccentric hamstring strength and sprint performance, whilst also producing greater soreness than the NHE following the final training session. It was concluded that a four-week block of maximum speed training may have both an injury prevention and performance enhancement benefit.

The effects of trans-cranial direct current stimulation intervention on fear: A systematic review of literature

- Yosephi, Mohaddeseh, Ehsani, Fatemeh, Daghiani, Maryam, Zoghi, Maryam, Jaberzadeh, Shapour

  • Authors: Yosephi, Mohaddeseh , Ehsani, Fatemeh , Daghiani, Maryam , Zoghi, Maryam , Jaberzadeh, Shapour
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience Vol. 62, no. (2019), p. 7-13
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  • Description: •Cathodal tDCS may reduce fear and disrupt the fear memory more than anodal tDCS.•Phase of fear memory is important factor in determining polarity of tDCS electrodes.•The brain region is important factor in determining polarity of tDCS electrodes.•The assessed fear parameters are important to show the effect of the tDCS intervention. Intensifying fear and fear of pain may lead to some diseases such as panic disorder, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, depression, etc. A number of studies indicated positive effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on controlling fear and some studies did not observe any effect or even negative effect on decreasing fear. Due to lack of consensus in the findings of research, we aimed to systematically review studies, which investigated the effect of tDCS on fear. A literature search was conducted using the databases of PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane, Scopus and MEDLINE. Fear, fear memory, fear of pain, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, electrical brain stimulation were applied as keywords. The valid assessment scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. The results of this systematic review revealed that the cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as compared to anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) could significantly reduce fear and modulate the fear memory. In addition, the findings of this study showed that the c-tDCS has positive effect on behavioural parameters of fear, while it cannot change biochemical parameters of fear during limited sessions of intervention. Application of c-tDCS on the left DLPFC could significantly reduce fear and modulate the fear memory.

The Esoteric Osteopath : Thomas Ambrose Bowen (1916-1982) and his contemporaries : exploring influences, networks, creativity and embodiment

- Strachan, Shirley

  • Authors: Strachan, Shirley
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: This PhD is the first prosopographical study of two generations of Australian manual healers in the twentieth century. The central historical figure is Thomas Ambrose Bowen (1916-1982) a self-titled Australian osteopath and arguably a therapeutic genius turned victim of health politics of the twentieth century. Bowen was stripped of his osteopathic identity as a result of political machinations that occurred during regulation of the industry in the late-1970s and early-1980s. This thesis reveals the legitimacy of Bowen’s claim to osteopathic stature and how his career is representative of the experience of a number of osteopaths during regulation of chiropractic and osteopathy. Bowen’s career was obscured in two respects. Firstly, in the lead up to the Chiropractors and Osteopaths Act 1978, overseas educated interests sought to disenfranchise Australian practitioners. This was offset by a successful response from the Australian chiropractic lobby. Secondly, posthumous commercial popularisation of Bowen’s claimed work, absent observer consensus and historical research, has further served to obfuscate Bowen’s prowess and marginalised his legacy. This thesis is the first to link Bowen’s practice to the influence of F G Roberts, an early Australian pioneer of naturopathic osteopathy. It explores Bowen’s emergence from a network of prominent football masseurs to his professional engagement with osteopathic advocates. This thesis is the first historical study to present the clinical life and times of Bowen among his contemporaries. In doing so it examines his broader significance as a consummate Australian osteopath. New historical narratives founded on extensive primary sources, oral histories as well as discourse analysis, ethnography, biography, hermeneutics and cultural mapping are used to place Bowen in context with his peers on the Australian osteopathic stage. Posthumous narratives that underpin commercial global marketing are challenged to the extent they obscure a clear historical view of Bowen and his marginalised contemporaries as unique actors in their struggle for recognition
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

The evolution of Turing Award Collaboration Network : bibliometric-level and network-level metrics

- Kong, Xiangjie, Shi, Yajie, Wang, Wei, Ma, Kai, Wan, Liangtian, Xia, Feng

  • Authors: Kong, Xiangjie , Shi, Yajie , Wang, Wei , Ma, Kai , Wan, Liangtian , Xia, Feng
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems Vol. 6, no. 6 (2019), p. 1318-1328
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  • Description: The year of 2017 for the 50th anniversary of the Turing Award, which represents the top-level award in the computer science field, is a milestone. We study the long-term evolution of the Turing Award Collaboration Network, and it can be considered as a microcosm of the computer science field from 1974 to 2016. First, scholars tend to publish articles by themselves at the early stages, and they began to focus on tight collaboration since the late 1980s. Second, compared with the same scale random network, although the Turing Award Collaboration Network has small-world properties, it is not a scale-free network. The reason may be that the number of collaborators per scholar is limited. It is impossible for scholars to connect to others freely (preferential attachment) as the scale-free network. Third, to measure how far a scholar is from the Turing Award, we propose a metric called the Turing Number (TN) and find that the TN decreases gradually over time. Meanwhile, we discover the phenomenon that scholars prefer to gather into groups to do research with the development of computer science. This article presents a new way to explore the evolution of academic collaboration network in the field of computer science by building and analyzing the Turing Award Collaboration Network for decades. © 2014 IEEE.

The future of agriculture and food : evaluating the holistic costs and benefits

- Sandhu, Harpinder, Müller, Alexander, Sukhdev, Pavan, Merrigan, Kathleen, Tenkouano, Abdou

  • Authors: Sandhu, Harpinder , Müller, Alexander , Sukhdev, Pavan , Merrigan, Kathleen , Tenkouano, Abdou
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Anthropocene Review Vol. 6, no. 3 (2019), p. 270-278
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  • Description: Inadequacies of the current agriculture and food systems are recognised globally in the form of damages to environment and human health. In addition, the prevailing economic and policy systems do not reflect these damages in its accounting systems and standards. These shortcomings lead to perverse and pervasive outcomes for society at large. Our proposal is to consider all social and environmental externalities – both negative and positive, in global agriculture and food systems and reflect them in an economic system by evaluating comprehensive costs and benefits. This can be done by adopting an innovative, universal, and inclusive framework (the ‘TEEBAgriFood’ framework) in order to stimulate appropriate policy responses. © The Author(s) 2019. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Harpinder Sandhu” is provided in this record**

The Gaol on the hill: The prelude to and construction of Bendigo's sandstone gaol

- Edmonds, Leigh

  • Authors: Edmonds, Leigh
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Before/Now : Journal of the collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) Vol. 1, no. 1 (2019), p. 47-58
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  • Description: The gold rushes on the Victorian goldfields of the 1850s increased the population of the new colony seven times over. This created many problems for the new government, not the least of which was an increase in lawlessness which put authorities under severe pressure to house the rapidly growing convict population. Other issues confronting colonial prison administrators were the mobility of the population as gold seekers moved to the latest finds, the presence of a large Chinese population on the goldfields and the housing of the mentally disturbed. At the same time, new philosophies in prison design gave the Victorian government the potential to replace its first, hastily constructed, goals with the latest ‘state of the art’ prisons at strategic locations across the goldfields.

The germination success of Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia (Fabaceae) : A comparison between its native and exotic ranges

- Welgama, Amali, Florentine, Singarayer, Marchante, Hélia, Javaid, Muhammad, Turville, Christopher

  • Authors: Welgama, Amali , Florentine, Singarayer , Marchante, Hélia , Javaid, Muhammad , Turville, Christopher
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 67, no. 5 (2019), p. 414-424
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  • Description: Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia is native to South-eastern Australia and has naturalised in many regions across the globe, including in Portugal, Spain, and South Africa invading extensive areas. Prolific seed production and a long-lived seedbank are considered key factors that enhance its invasiveness. Yet, the effects of different factors on germination are still underexplored. Seeds were collected from Portuguese and Australian populations, and germination was evaluated under different temperature regimes, photoperiods, pH levels, salt stress, osmotic potential and burial depths. Findings show both populations share some similar patterns but also reveal important differences related to their germination. Higher temperatures induce increased germination rates while the photoperiod has no effect on germination. Both populations had quicker seed emergence under dark conditions. Seeds from both populations decrease germination rate under increasing salt-stress and show a wide range of pH tolerance, but Australians seeds are more tolerant to increase of both parameters. Seeds from the Portuguese population are bigger and germinated from deeper depths than the Australian. Our results may provide information to improve management of this species seedbank. Germination can prevent by, tillage or other interventions that help to increase burial depths; adding lime (to increase the soil alkalinity) can reduce its germination rate in both geographical ranges.

The great war : aftermath and commemoration

- Holbrook, Carolyn, Reeves, Keir

The has-beens and never will-bes

- Ponsford, Megan

  • Authors: Ponsford, Megan
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sport in Society Vol. 22, no. 1 (2019), p. 53-72
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  • Description: The Australian team that toured India in 1935/36 comprised atypical cricket personnel. Their cultural and social unorthodoxy contributed to the tour being shunned by cricket officialdom in Australia. Tour manager, Frank Tarrant’s method of team selection was meritocratic unlike that of customary cricket practice where social and cultural hierarchy informed team composition. This article outlines the unorthodox team composition and argues that the official cricket body objected to the exercise because of the professional nature of the tour, social (particularly class) discrimination and preconceptions of racial prejudices. The Maharaja of Patiala’s generous financing of the tour identified it as a definitively professional exercise and encouraged participation considering the precarious status of the global economy following the Great Depression. The goodwill between Australia and India evidenced on tour challenged cricket protocol and reflects a pragmatic and growing recognition that diplomatic and economic unity was desirable in light of the imminent dissolution of the British Empire.

The history and evolving image of nursing

- Cruickshank, Mary, Paliadelis, Penny, Gazula, Swapnali, McAllister, Margaret

  • Authors: Cruickshank, Mary , Paliadelis, Penny , Gazula, Swapnali , McAllister, Margaret
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: The road to nursing Chapter 7 p. 99-116
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  • Description: The traditional stereotypical image of a nurse is closely linked to that of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, who established a training system for nurses to teach them how to be completely dedicated to the taskes of care regardless of personal needs; dependent on and deferential to authorities such as medical doctors and matron supervisors; and modest and feminine. Of course, contemporary nursing is no longer a profession exclusive to females, and nor does nursing work predominantly involve dependent actions. However, these old ideas remain strong in the minds of the public and are often repeated in popular culture.

The impact of carer status on participation in healthy activity and self-reported health among Australian women over 50 years

- Farrugia, Teagan, Hewitt, Alana, Bourke-Taylor, Helen, Joosten, Annette

  • Authors: Farrugia, Teagan , Hewitt, Alana , Bourke-Taylor, Helen , Joosten, Annette
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal Vol. 66, no. 1 (2019), p. 23-32
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  • Description: Background/aim: Occupational therapists frequently work with carers and their family member who requires direct services. In Australia, women provide the majority of informal care. Carer status is determined by the provision of informal help or supervision to an older person, or a person with a disability or long-term health condition. Caregiving responsibilities can impact mental and physical health and reduce women's participation in leisure activities and the labour force. The aim of the study was to examine differences in the participation of Australian women, aged 50 years and over, with and without caregiving responsibilities, in self-selected health promoting activities, self-reported mental health and participation in physical activity. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated Australian women (N = 157) who completed a survey comprising demographic questions, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS). Differences between carers and non-carers in participation in health promoting activities, mental health, physical activity and labour force participation were investigated using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Carers reported significantly lower participation in health promoting activities (P < 0.001), vigorous physical activity (P = 0.001) and moderate physical activity (P = 0.009). Carers also reported significantly higher responses than non-carers, in symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (P < 0.001). Carers were significantly more likely than non-carers to be engaged in part-time employment, with 37% of carers employed part-time and 44% of carers not working. Conclusion: These findings indicate significant differences between women with and without caregiving responsibilities and their participation in health promoting activities, self-reported mental health, participation in physical activity and the labour force. Carers may benefit from occupational therapy that recognises the important role of carers in the life of their family member and supports carer's health and participation in health promoting activities. © 2018 Occupational Therapy Australia

The Impact of number of partitions on transient stability of intentional controlled islanding

- Babaei, Mehdi, Muyeen, S., Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Babaei, Mehdi , Muyeen, S. , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
  • Relation: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe); Genova, Italy;11-14 June 2019; p. 1-6
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  • Description: Intentional Controlled Islanding (ICI) is the last protective measure that must be adopted in power systems to prevent forming unstable islands with load-generation imbalance power. If conventional protective schemes fail to save the power system against wide-area blackout, some cutsets are selected to keep the system operating while feeding essential loads. This paper investigates the effect of the number of partitions on the dynamic performance of controlled islanding and proposes a unified algorithm to identify the coherent generators, optimal cutsets, and timing of islanding in online applications. The algorithm provides an islanding solution with minimum power flow disruption while each island contains coherent groups of generators. The concept of Centre of Inertia (COI) referred angles of generators has been used to determine the critical timing of islanding. Different scenarios in NE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems were simulated in PowerFactory that led to instability in the power system, and then controlled islanding schemes with a different number of partitions were applied to create stable islands. To better demonstrate the shortcomings of the existing clustering techniques, the effect of the number of required islands on transient stability of controlled islanding and the necessity of devising an automatic method to recognise the number of islands is discussed.

The impact of political connections on the efficiency of China's renewable energy firms

- Li, Mingshan, Sun, Xiaohua, Wang, Yun, Song-Turner, Helen

  • Authors: Li, Mingshan , Sun, Xiaohua , Wang, Yun , Song-Turner, Helen
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energy economics Vol. 83, no. (2019), p. 467-474
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  • Description: This study investigates the impact of political connections on firm efficiency as well as its mechanisms in Chinese renewable energy firms. The empirical results reveal a direct negative association between political connections and firm efficiency and an indirect correlation through political resources. The results indicate that the higher the level of political connections, the stronger the relationship between political connections and firm efficiency. Our findings also indicate that the impact of political connections is different between state-owned and non-state-owned firms. For state-owned firms, political connections are negatively correlated with firm efficiency and government subsidies are not beneficial for state-owned firms in promoting productivity. As for non-state-owned firms, there is a ‘double-edged sword’ effect of political connections on firm efficiency. On the one hand, political connections are associated with lower firm efficiency, but on the other hand, political connections can alleviate the adverse effects of financing constraints on non-state-owned firms. •Political connections and firm efficiency are negatively correlated.•Firms can benefit from political connections by obtaining more political resources.•Political connections decrease the efficiency by over-exploiting political resources.•The impacts of political connections are different between state-owned and non state-owned firms.

The impacts of climate change on trade and foreign direct investment flows

- Barua, Suborna

  • Authors: Barua, Suborna
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: A growing body of climate economics research suggests that climate change affects production, prices, distribution structures, investments and national income. Studies further describe international trade and climate related investments as key activities in climate impact mitigation and adaptation. However, despite its increasing relevance, the empirical link between climate change and international trade and investment remains largely unexplored. This thesis investigates the climate change impacts on trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows using static and dynamic panel estimations covering 102 countries. The modelling uses temperature and precipitation variability to separately evaluate changes in international trade from 1962 to 2014, and in FDI inflows from 1995 to 2014. The trade impacts estimations consider exports of total merchandise, agriculture and six agricultural sectors; while controlling for income, comparative advantage, productivity, domestic and trade policies, and climate zones. The FDI impacts modelling evaluates total and sectoral inflows, while controlling for income, market size, infrastructure, openness, financial development, the global financial crisis and climate zones. Results show that climate change significantly affects both exports and FDI inflows. In particular, temperature affects merchandise exports, negatively at the global and developing country level, and positively in high-income countries. Agricultural exports are negatively affected by temperature. At the sectoral level, oil-seeds and dairy are mostly affected. Precipitation effects are limited and mostly negative for agriculture. The FDI world aggregate flows respond mostly positively to both temperature and precipitation, and static estimations indicate a FDI positive response in developing countries. Furthermore, FDI sectoral estimations indicate a differentiated response. Findings could inform the formulation of trade and investment policies, at the national and global level, in consideration to the differential impacts of climate change across sectors, regions and economic status. Furthermore, these estimates could be used in projections considering climate change as a determinant of trade and investment flows.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

The impacts of water pricing and non-pricing policies on sustainable water resources management : A case of Ghorveh Plain at Kurdistan province, Iran

- Asaadi, Mohammad, Mortazavi, Seyed, Zamani, Omid, Najafi, Gholam, Yusaf, Talal, Hoseini, Seyed

  • Authors: Asaadi, Mohammad , Mortazavi, Seyed , Zamani, Omid , Najafi, Gholam , Yusaf, Talal , Hoseini, Seyed
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energies Vol. 12, no. 14 (2019), p. 1-16
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  • Description: As with other regions of Iran, due to excessive extraction of groundwater for intense agricultural activity, Ghorveh plain, a water-scarce irrigation district in the west of Iran, has faced a serious water crisis during the last decade. The present study investigates the impacts of two scenario policies, namely, non-price policy (as a supply-oriented policy) and water pricing policies (as a demand-oriented policy) on agricultural sector of Ghorveh Plain, using positive mathematical programming (PMP). The model was calibrated by using farm-level data for the crop years in 2016-2017. Our findings indicate that applying water supply constraint policy will change the land use and cropping pattern to the crops with higher water productivity. The increase of water resource constraints can lead to the increase of water economic return which indicates a rising value of water resources shortage, warning the producers of the agriculture sector to allocate water to the crops with higher economic value under the water resources shortage conditions. In addition, the findings underline that in a situation where the price of irrigation water is low due to the low elasticity of water demand in the agriculture sector, formulating the economic instruments such as rising water prices does not solely suffice to achieve sustainable water resource management. However, mixed scenarios emphasized that the water distribution policies should be aligned with the increases in water cost.

The implications of female sport policy developments for the community-level sport sector : A perspective from Victoria, Australia

- Casey, Meghan, Fowlie, J., Charity, Melanie, Harvey, Jack, Eime, Rochelle

  • Authors: Casey, Meghan , Fowlie, J. , Charity, Melanie , Harvey, Jack , Eime, Rochelle
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics Vol. 11, no. 4 (2019), p. 657-678
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  • Description: This study examined trends in sport participation among females over a six-year period (2011-2016) within five popular sports, by age and region. It also identified future challenges community sports face in increasing female sport participation. De-identified participant registration data for the five sports were obtained and analysed according to age, gender and region (metropolitan v non-metropolitan) within the state of Victoria, Australia. Data for all sports were aggregated and analysed collectively to produce a broad participation profile. Interviews were held with community sport stakeholders (n = 17) across a low socio-economic metropolitan and non-metropolitan region to understand challenges associated with increasing female sport participation. Results showed that female sport participation levels increased over the six-year period, with greater proportional increases among the youngest age group (4-9 years) - the common entry age into the organised sport through modified sports programs. Retention of females in sport throughout adolescence and adulthood remains a challenge. Community-level sports face challenges to accommodate growth in female sport participation in terms of availability and quality of sport infrastructure and volunteer capacity - both human resources to deliver sport and organisational capacity to devise and implement strategies to recruit and retain females. They also face challenges associated with the social construction of gender within sport and club environments. Sport policies that encourage female sport participation need to also consider the supply of sport such as maximising infrastructure usage, gender equity facility usage policies and developing volunteer capacity.

The importance of long-term surveys on species introductions in Maritime Antarctica: first detection of Ceratophysella succinea (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)

- Enríquez, Natalia, Pertierra, Luis, Tejedo, Pablo, Benayas, Javier, Greenslade, Penelope, Luciáñez, María

  • Authors: Enríquez, Natalia , Pertierra, Luis , Tejedo, Pablo , Benayas, Javier , Greenslade, Penelope , Luciáñez, María
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Polar biology Vol. 42, no. 5 (2019), p. 1047-1051
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  • Description: Biological invasions are one of the major threats to Antarctic native biodiversity and to ecosystems integrity. Regional environmental change and increasing human activity in Maritime Antarctica facilitates the introduction, establishment and colonisation of an increasing number of non-indigenous species. Systematic monitoring is an essential tool for the early detection of the arrival of non-indigenous arthropods. In this study, we compiled the results of a long-term monitoring effort from 2011 to 2017 to survey non-native collembolan species on Deception Island, a highly visited terrestrial site in South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctica). Results include the first record of Ceratophysella succinea (Gisin) (Hypogastruridae) in Antarctica. Moreover, the global dataset indicates that the total number and the list of cumulatively occurrence localities for non-native species observed on the island has increased over this monitoring period. This suggests that repeated monitoring is advisable to characterise the full extent of microarthropod introductions into a high biosecurity risk area and improve the effectiveness of surveillance efforts.

The Importance of VET teacher professionalism : an Australian case study

- Smith, Erica

  • Authors: Smith, Erica
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Handbook of Vocational Education and Training: Developments in the changing world of work 88 p. 1627-1648
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  • Description: The effectiveness of vocational education and training (VET) systems depends upon their teachers. The teachers are regarded as “dual professionals,” requiring expertise in both their background industry areas and in VET pedagogy itself. This chapter uses Australia as a case study of what happens when the accepted regime of qualifications for VET teachers alters. In Australia full-time VET teachers were, until recently, required to undertake degree level qualifications in VET pedagogy, taught at universities, either before or, more usually, after entering the occupation. The required level has now reduced to the regulatory minimum of a Certificate IV level qualification, taught by training providers not universities, and often provided to their own teachers. The qualification contains only 300 nominal hours of training. It has been recognized as a particularly poorly taught qualification, requiring the introduction of a high degree of regulation and most recently a special compliance framework for training providers wishing to deliver it. In this chapter, the historical path of the decline in VET teacher professionalism in Australia is charted, including research evidence from a national project managed by the author, about the effects of higher-level qualifications on VET teacher practices and quality and teachers’ propensity to engage in professional development. A conceptual model of the attributes of professional VET teachers with regard to qualifications and professional development is presented. The chapter concludes with some recommendations for change and implications for other countries.

The incidence, prevalence, nature, severity and mechanisms of injury in elite female cricketers : A prospective cohort study

- Perera, Nirmala, Kountouris, Alex, Kemp, Joanne, Joseph, Corey, Finch, Caroline

  • Authors: Perera, Nirmala , Kountouris, Alex , Kemp, Joanne , Joseph, Corey , Finch, Caroline
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 22, no. 9 (2019), p. 1014-1020
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  • Description: Objectives: Incidence, prevalence, nature, severity and mechanisms of injury in elite female cricketers over two seasons from March 2014 to March 2016, inclusive. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Injury data collected via Cricket Australia's Athlete Management System on all elite female players over two seasons were analysed. Profiles of the nature, anatomical location and mechanism of injuries were presented according to dominant player position. Injury incidence rates were calculated based on match playing hours. Results: There were 600 medical-attention injuries; with 77.7% players reporting ≥1 injury. There were 79.5% acute injuries compared to gradual onset injuries. Of the all medical-attention injuries, 20.2% led to time-loss; 34.7% were match-time-loss injuries. Match injury incidence was 424.7 injuries/10,000 h for all injuries and 79.3 injuries/10,000 h for time-loss injuries. Of all the injuries, 31.8% were muscle injuries and 16.0% joint sprains. Wrist and hand (19.8%), lumbar spine (16.5%) and knee (14.9%) injuries were the most common time-loss injuries. Six players sustained lumber spine bone stress injury that resulted in the most days missed due to injury (average 110.5 days/injury). Conclusions: There is a need to focus on specific injuries in female cricket, including thigh, wrist/hand and knee injuries because of their frequency, and lumbar spine injuries because of their severity.