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Real-time localisation system for GPS-denied open areas using smart street furniture

- Nassar, Mohamed, Luxford, Len, Cole, Peter, Oatley, Giles, Koutsakis, Polychronis

  • Authors: Nassar, Mohamed , Luxford, Len , Cole, Peter , Oatley, Giles , Koutsakis, Polychronis
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Vol. 112, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Wifi-based localisation systems have gained significant interest with many researchers proposing different localisation techniques using publicly available datasets. However, these datasets are limited because they only contain Wifi fingerprints collected and labelled by users, and they are restricted to indoor locations. We have generated the first Wifi-based localisation datasets for a GPS-denied open area. We selected a busy open area at Murdoch University to generate the datasets using so-called “smart bins”, which are rubbish bins that we enabled to work as access points. The data gathered consists of two different datasets. In the first, four users generated labelled WiFi fingerprints for all available Reference Points using four different smartphones. The second dataset includes 2450865 auto-generated rows received from more than 1000 devices. We have developed a light-weight algorithm to label the second dataset from the first and we proposed a localisation approach that converts the second dataset from asynchronous format to synchronous, applies feature engineering and a deep learning classifier. Finally, we have demonstrated via simulations that by using this approach we achieve higher prediction accuracy, with up to 19% average improvement, compared with using only the fingerprint dataset. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Reanimating historic malware samples

- Black, Paul, Gondal, Iqbal, Vamplew, Peter, Lakhotia, Arun

  • Authors: Black, Paul , Gondal, Iqbal , Vamplew, Peter , Lakhotia, Arun
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Malware Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning p. 345-360
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  • Description: Many types of malicious software are controlled from an attacker’s command and control (C2) servers. Anti-virus organizations seek to defeat malware attacks by requesting removal of C2 server Domain Name Server (DNS) records. As a result, the life span of most malware samples is relatively short. Large datasets of historical malware samples are available for countermeasures research. However, due to the age of these malware samples, their C2 servers are no longer available. To cope with high volumes of malware production, malware analysis is increasingly performed using machine learning techniques. Dynamic analysis is commonly used for feature extraction. However, due to the absence of their C2 servers, after initialization, malware samples may exit or loop attempting to establish C2 server connections and, as a result, no longer exhibit their original capabilities. Therefore, partial execution of historical malware samples in a sandbox results in features that differ from those that would be extracted in-the-wild, thus invalidating the results of any machine learning research based on these features. One approach to extracting accurate features is to build an emulated C2 server to provide an environment that allows control of the full capabilities of the malware in an isolated environment. To illustrate the benefits of building C2 server emulators, this chapter provides examples of techniques for the creation of C2 server emulators for three malware families (Zeus, CryptoWall, and CryptoLocker) using manual reverse engineering techniques and a review of semi-automated techniques for the construction of C2 server emulators.

Reappraisal of the astm/aashto standard rolling device method for plastic limit determination of fine-grained soils

- Soltani, Amin, O’Kelly, Brendan

  • Authors: Soltani, Amin , O’Kelly, Brendan
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Geosciences (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 6 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Given its apparent limitations, various attempts have been made to develop alternative testing approaches to the standardized rolling-thread plastic limit (PLRT) method (for fine-grained soils), targeting higher degrees of repeatability and reproducibility. Among these, device-rolling techniques, including the method described in ASTM D4318/AASHTO T90 standards, based on original work by Bobrowski and Griekspoor (BG) and which follows the same basic principles as the standard thread-rolling (by hand) test, have been highly underrated by some researchers. To better understand the true potentials and/or limitations of the BG method for soil plasticity determination (i.e., PLBG), this paper presents a critical reappraisal of the PLRT–PLBG relationship using a comprehensive statistical analysis performed on a large and diverse database of 60 PLRT– PLBG test pairs. It is demonstrated that for a given fine-grained soil, the BG and RT methods produce essentially similar PL values. The 95% lower and upper (water content) statistical agreement limits between PLBG and PLRT were, respectively, obtained as −5.03% and +4.51%, and both deemed “statistically insignificant” when compared to the inductively-defined reference limit of ±8% (i.e., the highest possible difference in PLRT based on its repeatability, as reported in the literature). Furthermore, the likelihoods of PLBG underestimating and overestimating PLRT were 50% and 40%, respectively; debunking the notion presented by some researchers that the BG method generally tends to greatly underestimate PLRT. It is also shown that the degree of underestimation/overestimation does not systematically change with changes in basic soil properties; suggesting that the differences between PLBG and PLRT are most likely random in nature. Compared to PLRT, the likelihood of achieving consistent soil classifications employing PLBG (along with the liquid limit) was shown to be 98%, with the identified discrepancies being cases that plot relatively close to the A-Line. As such, PLBG can be used with confidence for soil classification purposes. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Recalling childhood : transformative learning about the value of play through active participation

- Adamson, Gracie, Rouse, Elizabeth, Emmett, Susan

Recovery from depression : re-envisioning the connection between recovery and spirituality

- Snider, Anne-Marie, Smith, Naomi

  • Authors: Snider, Anne-Marie , Smith, Naomi
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Mental Health and Social Inclusion Vol. 25, no. 1 (2021), p. 88-102
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  • Description: Purpose: This paper aims to respond to the following question: What does ongoing recovery from depression look like, and what role might spirituality have for individuals’ meanings of recovery if it has any meaning at all? Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the authors reconceptualize recovery from depression as ritual, as ongoing recovery, or recovery as a process, resonated with many of the 40 participants (all ages) from the study, and much of the sociological literature on recovery from depression (Fullagar and O’Brien, 2012; Garrett, 1997, 1998; Karp, 1994, 1996, 2016; O’Brien, 2012). To explore the interplay between participants’ accounts of recovery as ongoing, and the meanings of spirituality, the authors used a ritual analysis inspired by Collins (2004). Findings: From the accounts presented in this paper, the authors suggest that participants are, if subconsciously, using objects with a special or spiritual significance to filter through their thoughts and memories as a way to create what Collins (2004) calls an emotional charge. The authors argue that these emotional charges assist people with lived experiences of depression in distancing from, and reconnecting to, certain social ties, including a particular family member, friend or social group, as part of their recovery. The authors are calling this process, ritual distancing. Originality/value: Recovery from depression includes a process of reconnection to the self and others, and this process sometimes includes a self-defined spirituality (in objects and social connections). © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reduced renal function may explain the higher prevalence of hyperuricemia in older people

- Wang, Yutang, Zhang, Wanlin, Qian, Tingting, Sun, Hui, Xu, Qun, Hou, Xujuan, Hu, Wenqi, Zhang, Guang, Drummond, Grant, Sobey, Chris, Charchar, Fadi, Golledge, Jonathan, Yang, Guang

  • Authors: Wang, Yutang , Zhang, Wanlin , Qian, Tingting , Sun, Hui , Xu, Qun , Hou, Xujuan , Hu, Wenqi , Zhang, Guang , Drummond, Grant , Sobey, Chris , Charchar, Fadi , Golledge, Jonathan , Yang, Guang
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 11, no. 1 (2021), p.
  • Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
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  • Description: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of renal dysfunction to enhanced hyperuricemia prevalence in older people. A cohort of 13,288 Chinese people aged between 40 and 95 years were recruited from January to May 2019. Serum uric acid concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] were measured. The associations between age or eGFR and serum uric acid or hyperuricemia were analyzed using linear or binary logistic regression adjusting for risk factors. Uric acid concentration and prevalence of hyperuricemia were greater in older participants. Adjustment for reduced renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) eliminated the associations between older age and higher uric acid concentration and between older age and higher prevalence of hyperuricemia diagnosis, whereas adjustment for other risk factors did not change those associations. Lower eGFR was associated with higher uric acid concentration both before (β = − 0.296, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for age (β = − 0.313, P < 0.001). Reduced renal function was associated with hyperuricemia diagnosis both before (odds ratio, OR, 3.64; 95% CI 3.10–4.28; P < 0.001) and after adjustment for age (adjusted OR, 3.82; 95% CI 3.22–4.54; P < 0.001). Mean serum uric acid and prevalence of hyperuricemia were higher in people with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than those with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of reduced renal function increased with older age (P < 0.001). This study suggests that reduced renal function can explain the increased uric acid levels and hyperuricemia diagnoses in older people. © 2021, The Author(s).

Reduced switch multilevel inverter topologies for renewable energy sources

- Sarebanzadeh, Maryam, Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad, Garcia, Cristian, Babaei, Ebrahim, Islam, Syed, Rodriguez, Jose

  • Authors: Sarebanzadeh, Maryam , Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad , Garcia, Cristian , Babaei, Ebrahim , Islam, Syed , Rodriguez, Jose
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 120580-120595
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  • Description: This article proposes two generalized multilevel inverter configurations that reduce the number of switching devices, isolated DC sources, and total standing voltage on power switches, making them suitable for renewable energy sources. The main topology is a multilevel inverter that handles two isolated DC sources with ten power switches to create 25 voltage levels. Based on the main proposed topology, two generalized multilevel inverters are introduced to provide flexibility in the design and to minimize the number of elements. The optimal topologies for both extensive multilevel inverters are derived from different design objectives such as minimizing the number of elements (gate drivers, DC sources), achieving a large number of levels, and minimizing the total standing voltage. The main advantages of the proposed topologies are a reduced number of elements compared to those required by other existing multilevel inverter topologies. The power loss analysis and standalone PV application of the proposed topologies are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the proposed topology to demonstrate its correct operation. © 2013 IEEE.

Reducing health inequities for asylum seekers with chronic non-communicable diseases : Australian context

- Nkhoma, Gloria, Lim, Chiao, Kennedy, Gerard, Stupans, Leva

  • Authors: Nkhoma, Gloria , Lim, Chiao , Kennedy, Gerard , Stupans, Leva
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 27, no. 2 (2021), p. 130-135
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  • Description: Asylum seekers are susceptible to chronic non-communicable diseases pre- and post-arrival due to poor living conditions, unhealthy lifestyles and restrictive and poor access to health services. Despite their need for constant and continuous health care access due to poor health, they face healthcare services access restrictions dependent on their visa conditions in Australia. Some visas only allow access to hospital services with restrictions on primary health services access such as GPs and free or discounted pharmaceutical products. In comparison, disadvantaged host populations have access to free/discounted pharmaceutical products and unrestricted access to primary and secondary health care. Ten professionals who constantly engage with asylum seekers in three large asylum seeker centres in Melbourne were interviewed either face-to-face or over the phone. The interviews were essential to understand how health inequities may be addressed for asylum seekers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis framework. Their recommendations, based mainly on their experience and evaluation of programs, were: (1) cultural competence training (2) use of interpreters (3) free access to health services and medications (4) use of English learning to promote health literacy and community integration (5) robust chronic non-communicable diseases screening and (6) health promotion and accessible food programs. © 2021 La Trobe University.

Reflections on an international nursing placement experience in Nepal : a thematic analysis

- Peel, Rebecca, Missen, Karen, Florentine, Singarayer

  • Authors: Peel, Rebecca , Missen, Karen , Florentine, Singarayer
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 106, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Background: Increasing patient diversity, as a result of growing global interaction, has necessitated that nursing academics better prepare nursing students to provide culturally appropriate and respectful care to their patients, particularly in culturally diverse countries such as Australia. One approach to improve cultural awareness of nursing students is a cultural immersion placement, and this paper describes such an experience which has been embraced by undergraduate participants. Purpose of this paper was to describe experiences, cultural awareness and challenges encountered by final year undergraduate nursing students undertaking a 22-day cultural immersion placement in Nepal. The researchers accompanied one group of students per year on this trip, which was repeated for three consecutive years. Describing and reflecting on the lived experience of nursing students engaged in this cultural immersion placement has helped to discern how this experience affects the cultural awareness of undergraduate nursing students and helps to decrease the challenges for similar placements in the future. Design and methods: To gain insight into the way this initiative impacted on the development of the participant's cultural competence, a qualitative descriptive design was chosen. Semi-structured interviews were carried out over three consecutive years with final year undergraduate nursing students upon their return from Nepal over three consecutive years. Data analysis followed standard suggestions for a systematic, unbiased approach to dealing with the condensed text, and was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings suggested that this experience, albeit of limited duration, provided a significant contribution to students' understanding of cross-cultural awareness in the context of providing health care. Conclusions: There was a strong implication from the outcomes that this cultural immersion placement should be permanently integrated into the undergraduate nursing course. There was, however, indication that there is room for added reflection and advantages to be made from the experience. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Regulatory resistance? Narratives and uses of evidence around “black market” provision of gambling during the british gambling act review

- Wardle, Heather, Reith, Gerda, Dobbie, Fiona, Rintoul, Angela, Shiffman, Jeremy

  • Authors: Wardle, Heather , Reith, Gerda , Dobbie, Fiona , Rintoul, Angela , Shiffman, Jeremy
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, no. 21 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Commercial gambling is increasingly viewed as being part of the unhealthy commodities industries, in which products contribute to preventable ill-health globally. Britain has one of the world’s most liberal gambling markets, meaning that the regulatory changes there have implications for developments elsewhere. A review of the British Gambling Act 2005 is underway. This has generated a range of actions by the industry, including mobilising arguments around the threat of the “black market”. We critically explore industry’s framing of these issues as part of their strategy to resist regulatory change during the Gambling Act review. We used a predefined review protocol to explore industry narratives about the “black market” in media reports published between 8 December 2020 and 26 May 2021. Fifty-five articles were identified and reviewed, and themes were narratively synthesised to examine industry framing of the “black market”. The black market was framed in terms of economic threat and loss, and a direct connection was made between its growth and increased regulation. The articles mainly presented gambling industry perspectives uncritically, citing industry-generated evidence (n = 40). Industry narratives around the “black market” speak to economically and emotionally salient concerns: fear, safety, consumer freedom and economic growth. This dominant framing in political, mainstream and industry media may influence political and public opinion to support the current status quo: “protecting” the existing regulated market rather than “protecting” people. Debates should be reframed to consider all policy options, especially those designed to protect public health. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality questionnaire : factor structure based on CFA and ESEM, and Associations with ADHD

- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Wynen, Johan, Trawley, Steven, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Corr, Philip

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Wynen, Johan , Trawley, Steven , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Corr, Philip
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Personality Assessment Vol. 103, no. 4 (2021), p. 523-534
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  • Description: Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) of personality is a major neuropsychological theory of motivation, emotion and personality. This paper presents the results of a study examining: (1) the factor structure of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM); and (2) the relationships of the r-RST constructs in the RST-PQ with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom groups of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). A total of 572 (Sample 1) and 309 (Sample 2) adults completed the RST-PQ. Participants in Sample 2 also completed a questionnaire measuring ADHD symptoms. Results revealed more support for the ESEM model with six factors than the CFA model. For both the ESEM and CFA models, both IA and HI symptom groups were associated positively with the RST-PQ constructs of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) Impulsivity, with IA also associated negatively with the BAS-Goal-Drive Persistence. The theoretical implications of these findings for understanding the factor structure of the RST-PQ, and for ADHD (IA and HI) in terms of r-RST, are discussed. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Reintegration-based controlled islanding considering fast and slow active/reactive corrective actions to enhance frequency and transient voltage stabilities

- Ghamsari-Yazdel, Mohammad, Amjady, Nima, Reza Najafi, Hamid

  • Authors: Ghamsari-Yazdel, Mohammad , Amjady, Nima , Reza Najafi, Hamid
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Electric power systems research Vol. 193, no. (2021), p. 107018
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  • Description: •A new reintegration-driven ICI framework, called R-ICI, is proposed.•The proposed R-ICI model improves frequency stability of islands using ESSs.•Transient voltage stability of islands is improved using ESSs and SVCs.•The interaction between frequency and voltage is considered by a linear IFR model.•An active/reactive charging and discharging scheme is introduced for ESSs. In this paper, a reintegration-based multi-objective intentional controlled islanding (ICI) model is proposed to enhance resiliency of electrical power systems under catastrophic events. This remedial measure plan relies on a mixed-integer linear programming model with two objective functions including reintegration risk and total load shedding value. While ensuring that each island includes only coherent generators, the proposed multi-objective model solves the controlled islanding problem using lexicographic optimization approach. To ease the islands’ reintegration, charging reactive power, reliability, capacity, and power flow disruption of transmission lines are considered in the model. After implementation of controlled islanding, each resulted island may face temporary active/reactive load-generation imbalance, which may put the islands at the risk of frequency instability, transient voltage instability or a combination of both. The proposed model reduces these risks by modeling energy storage systems (ESSs) and static VAR compensators (SVCs) as fast corrective control actions. In addition to modeling voltage dependent loads in the controlled islanding problem, a linear island frequency response (IFR) model is proposed for frequency stability assessment. The test results of the proposed ICI model on the IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems demonstrate its performance.

Relational and caring partnerships : (Re)creating equity, genuineness, and growth in mentoring faculty relationships

- Cash, Penelope, Moffitt, Pertice

  • Authors: Cash, Penelope , Moffitt, Pertice
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship Vol. 18, no. 1 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Mentoring in academia has traditionally and currently been prescriptive and institutionally driven. The purpose of this paper is to deconstruct these current mentoring practices with a critical feminist stance. New understandings are shared and gained through dialogue, relevant literature, and performativity to (re)create and name a caring and relational partnership. This caring and relational partnership is grown through a process of mutuality and reciprocity, and based on relational ethics, authenticity, and solidarity. By embracing ideologies of caring and relational ethics, mentoring blurs the lines of mentor/mentee to a perpetual state of walking beside each other in equity to learn and strengthen each other's insights into our worlds. Material realities become illuminated through our shared journeys growing an appreciation and gift of the other. In turn, engaging in meaningful dialogue informs scholarship increasing our understandings of the human condition. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2021.

Relaxed Lagrangian duality in convex infinite optimization: Reverse strong duality and optimality

- Dinh, Nguyen, Goberna, Miguel, Lopez, Marco, Volle, Michel

  • Authors: Dinh, Nguyen , Goberna, Miguel , Lopez, Marco , Volle, Michel
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Applied and Numerical Optimization Vol. , no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: We associate with each convex optimization problem posed on some locally convex space with an infinite index set T, and a given non-empty family H formed by finite subsets of T, a suitable Lagrangian-Haar dual problem. We provide reverse H-strong duality theorems, H-Farkas type lemmas and optimality theorems. Special attention is addressed to infinite and semi-infinite linear optimization problems.

Reliability of the tools used to examine psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia

- Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Salehin, Masudus, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Alif, Sheikh M., Cross, Wendy

  • Authors: Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Salehin, Masudus , Islam, Sheikh Mohammed , Alif, Sheikh M. , Cross, Wendy
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30, no. 3 (2021), p. 747-758
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  • Description: Study tools examining psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia are very limited. The aim of this research was to assess the psychometric properties and correlation of the English version of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCSV-19S), and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) tools during the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Australia. Data from a cross-sectional survey (n = 516) were utilized to examine reliability; 299 (57.9%) were migrants. High internal consistency, as evidenced by Cronbach’s alpha, was found for the K-10 (0.92), FCV-19S (0.87) and BRCS (0.66) tools. The corresponding values for migrants and non-migrants were (0.92, 0.87, 0.67) and (0.92, 0.86, 0.63), respectively. Item-total correlations ranged 0.57-0.78 for K-10, 0.62–0.69 for FCV-19S, and 0.39–0.50 for BRCS tools. EFA retained a single factor for each tool with adequate factor loadings. The scoring of K-10 was significantly predicted by the scoring of FCV-19S (r = 0.284, P < 0.001) and BRCS tool (r = 0.132, P < 0.01). Therefore, these tools can be used reliably amongst both migrant and non-migrant population in Australia. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman and Wendy Cross" is provided in this record**

Research leadership

- Millmow, Alex

  • Authors: Millmow, Alex
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: The gypsy economist: the life and times of Colin Clark Chapter 12 p. 211-228
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  • Description: This chapter looks at Colin Clark’s work as Director of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute at Oxford, his observations about the British economy but also his continuing interest in Australia. In his seventeen years as Director of the Institute (1953–1969), Clark interpreted his research duties very broadly, looking at wider issues of demand, prices, international trade, resource allocation and the location of economic activity and human settlements. His position furthered his understanding of the processes of economic growth, more particularly the role of agricultural sector in that process, as well as the economics of irrigation and the dynamic interaction between food supplies and global population. Under his leadership, the Institute expanded its interest in the field of development economics without neglecting its basic research task. As well as journal articles, reports and essays, Clark published four major academic works in the 1960s spanning demography, irrigation, subsistence agriculture and economic development. He had returned to work in Britain at a critical period in its economic history with great concern about inflation, the balance of payments deficit and anaemic rate of economic growth. By this time, Clark had become one of the first radical conservatives, later describing his philosophy as classical economic liberalism. He spoke out against the post-war Keynesian consensus and assisted in the creation of the Institute of Economic Affairs. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in residential aged care services : a systematic review of event frequency, type, resident characteristics, and history

- Woolford, Marta, Stacpoole, Susan, Clinnick, Lisa

  • Authors: Woolford, Marta , Stacpoole, Susan , Clinnick, Lisa
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association Vol. 22, no. 8 (2021), p. 1678-1691.e6
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  • Description: Objectives: Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) between residents living in residential aged care (RAC) services is a challenging issue in relation to the care of older people. Evidence suggests that R-REM, such as verbal, physical, and sexual conflict between residents, is a common and pervasive issue. This review examines the frequency with which R-REM occurs in RAC services; identifies the types of R-REM that occur; and provides an overview of the reported characteristics of both the victim and perpetrator involved in the R-REM event. Design: A systematic review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Ageline, and Cochrane Library to identify qualitative and quantitative studies published in the English language. Setting and Participants: Residents living in RAC services. Measures: Data on frequency and characteristics were collated, and aggregate proportions were calculated where possible. Results: Twenty-six studies were identified; most (n = 20) were published in the United States. The overall proportion of residents engaged in R-REM was provided by 7 quantitative studies with the estimated frequency reported to be 12% to 23%. For qualitative studies, the number of care staff reporting to have observed R-REM ranged from 18.7% to 98.0%. Physical and verbal abuse were the most commonly reported types of mistreatment. Characteristics of the perpetrator of R-REM were reported in 12 (46.2%) studies. Overall, the mean age of perpetrators was 80.93 years, most were men (83.2%), and 64.4% had dementia and/or Alzheimer diagnosis. Characteristics of the victim and the history of R-REM were largely omitted from the published studies. Conclusion and Implications: The findings from the review broaden understanding on the extent of R-REM; the individual and event characteristics and ultimately support care planning, policy, and direction for future research. To improve understanding, quality of care, and RAC residents’ well-being, further studies are recommended to address the identified gaps in knowledge. © 2021 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine

Resilience among trans and gender-diverse adults : the protective role of dispositional hope in the perceived burdensomeness-suicide relationship

- Snooks, Matthew, McLaren, Suzanne

  • Authors: Snooks, Matthew , McLaren, Suzanne
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Vol. 8, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-67
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  • Description: Trans and gender-diverse (TGD) adults are at increased risk for suicide. A wealth of evidence supports perceived burdensomeness as an independent key risk factor for suicide. Few studies have investigated dispositional hope or its components (agency and pathways) as a psychological resilience factor within the TGD population. The present study investigated the role of dispositional hope as a moderator in the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults. An international sample of 848 TGD adults aged 18 to 80 years (Mage= 26.27, SD = 7.70), who identified as male (n = 197), female (n = 614), or gender nonbinary (n = 37), completed the online questionnaires. Results demonstrated that dispositional hope, agency, and pathways were significant moderators, strengthening the perceived burdensomeness-suicidal ideation and behaviors relationship. Closer examination of the moderation effects suggests that higher levels of dispositional hope and its components may be protective against suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults experiencing lower, but not higher, levels of perceived burdensomeness. Future research is urgently warranted within this population to help inform specialized interventions that may protect TGD adults who experience higher levels of perceived burdensomeness and are at high risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—This study indicates that interventions which enhance hope may be related to lower levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with low, but not high, levels of perceived burdensomeness. It also highlights the urgent need for research aimed at identifying protective factors that may reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with high levels of perceived burdensomeness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association

Resilience-based multifactorial model of depression among people who lost an only-child in China

- Wang, Anni, Zhang, Wen, Guo, Yufang, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Zhang, Jingping

  • Authors: Wang, Anni , Zhang, Wen , Guo, Yufang , Cross, Wendy , Plummer, Virginia , Lam, Louisa , Zhang, Jingping
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences Vol. 46, no. 1 (2021), p. 75-83
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  • Description: Objective: There are almost one million families who lost their only child in China, and 65.6% of them had severe and long lasting depression and needed timely psychointervention. This study aims to explore the relationship among resilience and its influential factors, and to compare their effect on depression. Methods: A total of 212 only-child loss person in 9 administrative regions in Changsha were assessed by using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Simplified Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and General Self-efficacy Scale. A hypothetical model was tested based on Kumpfer resilience framework and stress-coping theory. Results: The influential factors of resilience were: positive coping (the total effect value was 0.480), support utilization (the total effect value was 0.359), neuroticism (the total effect value was -0.326), negative coping (the total effect value was 0.279), extraversion (the total effect value was 0.219), and objective support (the total effect value was 0.077). The process of individual-environment interaction showed a greater impact on resilience, which had a direct effect on depression (the total effect value was −0.344, 67.1%), and also indirect effect through self-efficacy (the total effect value was −0.169). The total effect of resilience accounted for 20.1% of the total effect of all variables. Conclusion: Resilience mainly impacts depression directly, and can negatively predict depression in only-child loss parents. Resilience, located before self-efficacy, is a significant stress mediating variables. Personality traits and support utilization indirectly impact resilience via negative and positive coping. The key to promote the reorganization of resilience is the process of individual-environmental interaction, involving support utilization, positive coping, and some sorts of negative coping strategies, which plays an important role in developing a resilience intervention program and can improve the depression of the only-child loss person.

Resource optimization‐based software risk reduction model for large‐scale application development

- Shahzad, Basit, Amin, Fazal-e, Abro, Ahsanullah, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Shahzad, Basit , Amin, Fazal-e , Abro, Ahsanullah , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sustainability (Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 5 (2021), p. 1-17
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  • Description: Software risks are a common phenomenon in the software development lifecycle, and risks emerge into larger problems if they are not dealt with on time. Software risk management is a strategy that focuses on the identification, management, and mitigation of the risk factors in the software development lifecycle. The management itself depends on the nature, size, and skill of the project under consideration. This paper proposes a model that deals with identifying and dealing with the risk factors by introducing different observatory and participatory project factors. It is as-sumed that most of the risk factors can be dealt with by doing effective business processing that in response deals with the orientation of risks and elimination or reduction of those risk factors that emerge over time. The model proposes different combinations of resource allocation that can help us conclude a software project with an extended amount of acceptability. This paper presents a Risk Reduction Model, which effectively handles the application development risks. The model can syn-chronize its working with medium to large‐scale software projects. The reduction in software failures positively affects the software development environment, and the software failures shall re-duce consequently. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.