Do physical capacity and interchange rest periods influence match exercise-intensity profile in Australian football?
- Mooney, Mitchell, Cormack, Stuart, O'Brien, Brendan, Coutts, Aaron
- Authors: Mooney, Mitchell , Cormack, Stuart , O'Brien, Brendan , Coutts, Aaron
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 8, no. 2 (2013), p. 165-172
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) and the number of interchange rotations affected the match activity profile of elite Australian footballers. Method: Fifteen elite Australian footballers completed the Yo-Yo IR2 before the beginning of the season and played across 22 matches in which match activity profiles were measured via microtechnology devices containing a global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer. An interchange rotation was counted when a player left the field and was replaced with another player. Yo-Yo IR2 results were further split into high and low groups. Results: Players match speed decreased from 1st to 4th quarter, while average-speed (m/min: P = .05) and low-speed activity (LSA, <15 km/h) per minute (LSA m/min; P = .06) significantly decreased in the 2nd half. Yo-Yo IR2 influenced the amount of m/min, high-speed running (HSR, >15 km/h) per minute (HSR m/min) and accelerometer load/min throughout the entire match. The number of interchanges significantly influenced the HSR m/min and m/min throughout the match except in the 2nd quarter. Furthermore, the low Yo-Yo IR2 group had significantly less LSA m/min in the 4th quarter than the high Yo-Yo IR2 group (92.2 vs 96.7 m/ min, P = .06). Conclusions: Both the Yo-Yo IR2 and number of interchanges contribute to m/min and HSR m/min produced by elite Australian footballers, affecting their match activity. However, while it appears that improved Yo-Yo IR2 performance prevents reductions in LSA m/min during a match, higher-speed activities (HSR m/min) and overall physical activity (m/min and load/min) are still reduced in the 4th quarter compared with the 1st quarter. © 2013 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- Description: 2003010859
- Authors: Mooney, Mitchell , Cormack, Stuart , O'Brien, Brendan , Coutts, Aaron
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 8, no. 2 (2013), p. 165-172
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) and the number of interchange rotations affected the match activity profile of elite Australian footballers. Method: Fifteen elite Australian footballers completed the Yo-Yo IR2 before the beginning of the season and played across 22 matches in which match activity profiles were measured via microtechnology devices containing a global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer. An interchange rotation was counted when a player left the field and was replaced with another player. Yo-Yo IR2 results were further split into high and low groups. Results: Players match speed decreased from 1st to 4th quarter, while average-speed (m/min: P = .05) and low-speed activity (LSA, <15 km/h) per minute (LSA m/min; P = .06) significantly decreased in the 2nd half. Yo-Yo IR2 influenced the amount of m/min, high-speed running (HSR, >15 km/h) per minute (HSR m/min) and accelerometer load/min throughout the entire match. The number of interchanges significantly influenced the HSR m/min and m/min throughout the match except in the 2nd quarter. Furthermore, the low Yo-Yo IR2 group had significantly less LSA m/min in the 4th quarter than the high Yo-Yo IR2 group (92.2 vs 96.7 m/ min, P = .06). Conclusions: Both the Yo-Yo IR2 and number of interchanges contribute to m/min and HSR m/min produced by elite Australian footballers, affecting their match activity. However, while it appears that improved Yo-Yo IR2 performance prevents reductions in LSA m/min during a match, higher-speed activities (HSR m/min) and overall physical activity (m/min and load/min) are still reduced in the 4th quarter compared with the 1st quarter. © 2013 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- Description: 2003010859
Intention to use sport concussion guidelines among community-level coaches and sports trainers
- Newton, Joshua, White, Peta, Ewing, Michael, Makdissi, Michael, Davis, Gavin, Donaldson, Alex, Sullivan, John, Seward, Hugh, Finch, Caroline
- Authors: Newton, Joshua , White, Peta , Ewing, Michael , Makdissi, Michael , Davis, Gavin , Donaldson, Alex , Sullivan, John , Seward, Hugh , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol.17, no.5 (2013), p.469-473
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Sporting bodies have developed guidelines for managing community-level players with suspected concussion in response to international consensus statements on concussion in sport. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the intended use of concussion guidelines among community-level coaches and sports trainers from two popular football codes in Australia: Australian football and rugby league. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The survey, based on an extended theory of planned behaviour model, was completed by 183 Australian football coaches, 121 Australian football sports trainers, 171 rugby league coaches, and 142 rugby league sports trainers. Results: Personal norms and self-efficacy were significant predictors of intention to use concussion guidelines, although the relationship between self-efficacy and intention was stronger among Australian football coaches than rugby league coaches. Analysis of the salient beliefs that underpin self-efficacy found that coaches, irrespective of football code, felt less familiar (2 = 25.70, p < 0.001) and less experienced (2 = 31.56, p < 0.001) than sports trainers in using the concussion guidelines. At the same time, Australian football personnel, irrespective oftheir team role, feltthatthey had insufficienttime (2 = 8.04, p < 0.01) and resources (2 = 12.31, p < 0.001) to implement the concussion guidelines relative to rugby league personnel. Conclusions: Programmes aimed at increasing the intended use of sport concussion guidelines should focus on enhancing self-efficacy and leveraging personal norms. Increasing coaches’ familiarity and experience in using the concussion guidelines would also be warranted, as would finding ways to overcome the perceived time and resource constraints identified among Australian football personnel.
- Authors: Newton, Joshua , White, Peta , Ewing, Michael , Makdissi, Michael , Davis, Gavin , Donaldson, Alex , Sullivan, John , Seward, Hugh , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol.17, no.5 (2013), p.469-473
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Sporting bodies have developed guidelines for managing community-level players with suspected concussion in response to international consensus statements on concussion in sport. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the intended use of concussion guidelines among community-level coaches and sports trainers from two popular football codes in Australia: Australian football and rugby league. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The survey, based on an extended theory of planned behaviour model, was completed by 183 Australian football coaches, 121 Australian football sports trainers, 171 rugby league coaches, and 142 rugby league sports trainers. Results: Personal norms and self-efficacy were significant predictors of intention to use concussion guidelines, although the relationship between self-efficacy and intention was stronger among Australian football coaches than rugby league coaches. Analysis of the salient beliefs that underpin self-efficacy found that coaches, irrespective of football code, felt less familiar (2 = 25.70, p < 0.001) and less experienced (2 = 31.56, p < 0.001) than sports trainers in using the concussion guidelines. At the same time, Australian football personnel, irrespective oftheir team role, feltthatthey had insufficienttime (2 = 8.04, p < 0.01) and resources (2 = 12.31, p < 0.001) to implement the concussion guidelines relative to rugby league personnel. Conclusions: Programmes aimed at increasing the intended use of sport concussion guidelines should focus on enhancing self-efficacy and leveraging personal norms. Increasing coaches’ familiarity and experience in using the concussion guidelines would also be warranted, as would finding ways to overcome the perceived time and resource constraints identified among Australian football personnel.
The effects of interval-exercise duration and intensity on oxygen consumption during treadmill running
- O'Brien, Brendan, Wibskov, Jim, Knez, Wade, Paton, Carl, Harvey, Jack
- Authors: O'Brien, Brendan , Wibskov, Jim , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 287-290
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The magnitude of improvement in peak oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇)
- Description: C1
- Authors: O'Brien, Brendan , Wibskov, Jim , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 287-290
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The magnitude of improvement in peak oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇)
- Description: C1
The use and modification of injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams
- O'Brien, James, Young, Warren, Finch, Caroline
- Authors: O'Brien, James , Young, Warren , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Vol. 27, no. 11 (2017), p. 1337-1346
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1058737
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The efficacy of injury prevention exercise programs (IPEPs) for amateur youth soccer has been established, but little is known about their adaptability to other soccer populations. This study aimed to assess the use of individual injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams, against the industry-standard, FIFA 11+ program. Four teams' chosen IPEPs were observed across one season and documented on a standardized form. The use of each FIFA 11+ exercise was coded as “performed”, “performed modified” or “not performed”. The proportion of the 160 observed sessions containing each individual exercise was calculated. Staff provided reasons for their use and modification of FIFA 11+ exercises. On average, individual FIFA 11+ exercises were conducted in original form in 12% of the sessions (range 0–33%), and in modified form in 28% of sessions (range 2–62%). The five most frequently observed exercises, in either original or modified form, were “bench” (72%), “squats” (69%), “running straight” (68%), “single-leg stance” (66%), and “sideways bench” (64%). Staff modified exercises to add variation, progression, and individualization, and to align with specific training formats and goals. Professional youth soccer teams often use injury prevention exercises similar to those in the FIFA 11+, but tailor them considerably to fit their implementation context.
- Authors: O'Brien, James , Young, Warren , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Vol. 27, no. 11 (2017), p. 1337-1346
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1058737
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The efficacy of injury prevention exercise programs (IPEPs) for amateur youth soccer has been established, but little is known about their adaptability to other soccer populations. This study aimed to assess the use of individual injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams, against the industry-standard, FIFA 11+ program. Four teams' chosen IPEPs were observed across one season and documented on a standardized form. The use of each FIFA 11+ exercise was coded as “performed”, “performed modified” or “not performed”. The proportion of the 160 observed sessions containing each individual exercise was calculated. Staff provided reasons for their use and modification of FIFA 11+ exercises. On average, individual FIFA 11+ exercises were conducted in original form in 12% of the sessions (range 0–33%), and in modified form in 28% of sessions (range 2–62%). The five most frequently observed exercises, in either original or modified form, were “bench” (72%), “squats” (69%), “running straight” (68%), “single-leg stance” (66%), and “sideways bench” (64%). Staff modified exercises to add variation, progression, and individualization, and to align with specific training formats and goals. Professional youth soccer teams often use injury prevention exercises similar to those in the FIFA 11+, but tailor them considerably to fit their implementation context.
Caffeine has a small effect on 5-km running performance of well-trained and recreational runners
- O'Rourke, Matthew, O'Brien, Brendan, Knez, Wade, Paton, Carl
- Authors: O'Rourke, Matthew , O'Brien, Brendan , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 2 (2008), p. 231-233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate if caffeine ingestion improves 5-km time-trial performance in well-trained and recreational runners. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 well-trained and 15 recreational runners completed two randomized 5-km time-trials, after ingestion of either 5 mg kg-1 of caffeine or a placebo. Caffeine ingestion significantly improved 5-km running performance in both the well-trained and recreational runners. In comparison to the placebo trial, the caffeine trial resulted in 1.1% (90% CI 0.4-1.6) and 1.0% (0.2-2%) faster times for the well-trained and recreational runners. Reliability testing of the recreational runners indicated a test-retest error of measurement of 1.4%. We conclude that caffeine ingestion is likely to produce small but significant gains in 5-km running performance for both well-trained and recreational runners. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
- Authors: O'Rourke, Matthew , O'Brien, Brendan , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 2 (2008), p. 231-233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate if caffeine ingestion improves 5-km time-trial performance in well-trained and recreational runners. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 well-trained and 15 recreational runners completed two randomized 5-km time-trials, after ingestion of either 5 mg kg-1 of caffeine or a placebo. Caffeine ingestion significantly improved 5-km running performance in both the well-trained and recreational runners. In comparison to the placebo trial, the caffeine trial resulted in 1.1% (90% CI 0.4-1.6) and 1.0% (0.2-2%) faster times for the well-trained and recreational runners. Reliability testing of the recreational runners indicated a test-retest error of measurement of 1.4%. We conclude that caffeine ingestion is likely to produce small but significant gains in 5-km running performance for both well-trained and recreational runners. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
The epidemiology of head, face and eye injuries to female lacrosse players in Australia
- Otago, Leonie, Adamcewicz, Erin, Eime, Rochelle, Maher, Shelley
- Authors: Otago, Leonie , Adamcewicz, Erin , Eime, Rochelle , Maher, Shelley
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal of injury control and safety promotion Vol. 14, no. 4 (2007), p. 259-261
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005621
- Authors: Otago, Leonie , Adamcewicz, Erin , Eime, Rochelle , Maher, Shelley
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal of injury control and safety promotion Vol. 14, no. 4 (2007), p. 259-261
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005621
Systematic development of a tennis injury prevention programme
- Pas, Haiko, Bodde, Stefan, Kerkhoffs, Gino, Pluim, Babette, Tiemessen, Ivo, Tol, Johannes, Verhagen, Evert, Gouttebarge, Vincent
- Authors: Pas, Haiko , Bodde, Stefan , Kerkhoffs, Gino , Pluim, Babette , Tiemessen, Ivo , Tol, Johannes , Verhagen, Evert , Gouttebarge, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine Vol. 4, no. 1 (2018), p. 1-7
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction Despite an injury incidence of up to 3.0/1000 hours of play, there are no published tennis injury prevention programmes. This article aims to describe the developmental process of TennisReady, an e-health tennis-specific injury programme for adult recreational tennis players. Five-step approach A bottom-up, five-step approach was used with the Knowledge Transfer Scheme as a guideline. During the first step, a problem statement among targeted users was carried out. 475 (partially) completed surveys and group interviews (n=8) revealed a preference for an app-based prevention intervention of 10-15 min. As a second step, a systematic review was performed to identify prevention strategies in tennis. None were found. In step 3, during two expert group meetings (n=18), the findings of the first two steps were discussed and goals were formulated. Relevant and potential exercises for the programme were discussed. A subgroup of a total of six physical therapists, physicians and trainers developed the content of the programme in step 4. Step 5 included an evaluation of the exercises in 33 recreational tennis players. Participants evaluated the exercises during training sessions with trainers involved in the programme's development or their colleagues. Participants evaluated the programme through standardised surveys or group interviews. Based on this evaluation, the programme was adjusted by altering exercises and frequencies, and it was evaluated in a second target group (n=27). The second evaluation did not result in any major changes to the final prevention programme. Conclusion Through a five-step approach guided by the Knowledge Transfer Scheme, we developed an e-health tennis-specific prevention programme for adult tennis players. This 10 min intervention will require testing in a randomised controlled setting.
- Authors: Pas, Haiko , Bodde, Stefan , Kerkhoffs, Gino , Pluim, Babette , Tiemessen, Ivo , Tol, Johannes , Verhagen, Evert , Gouttebarge, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine Vol. 4, no. 1 (2018), p. 1-7
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction Despite an injury incidence of up to 3.0/1000 hours of play, there are no published tennis injury prevention programmes. This article aims to describe the developmental process of TennisReady, an e-health tennis-specific injury programme for adult recreational tennis players. Five-step approach A bottom-up, five-step approach was used with the Knowledge Transfer Scheme as a guideline. During the first step, a problem statement among targeted users was carried out. 475 (partially) completed surveys and group interviews (n=8) revealed a preference for an app-based prevention intervention of 10-15 min. As a second step, a systematic review was performed to identify prevention strategies in tennis. None were found. In step 3, during two expert group meetings (n=18), the findings of the first two steps were discussed and goals were formulated. Relevant and potential exercises for the programme were discussed. A subgroup of a total of six physical therapists, physicians and trainers developed the content of the programme in step 4. Step 5 included an evaluation of the exercises in 33 recreational tennis players. Participants evaluated the exercises during training sessions with trainers involved in the programme's development or their colleagues. Participants evaluated the programme through standardised surveys or group interviews. Based on this evaluation, the programme was adjusted by altering exercises and frequencies, and it was evaluated in a second target group (n=27). The second evaluation did not result in any major changes to the final prevention programme. Conclusion Through a five-step approach guided by the Knowledge Transfer Scheme, we developed an e-health tennis-specific prevention programme for adult tennis players. This 10 min intervention will require testing in a randomised controlled setting.
The effect of swimming volume and intensity on changes in supraspinatus tendon thickness
- Porter, Kirsten, Talpey, Scott, Pascoe, Deborah, Blanch, Peter, Walker, Helen, Shield, Anthony
- Authors: Porter, Kirsten , Talpey, Scott , Pascoe, Deborah , Blanch, Peter , Walker, Helen , Shield, Anthony
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy in Sport Vol. 47, no. (2021), p. 173-177
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To compare the change in supraspinatus tendon thickness (STT) following a high volume (HV) and high intensity (HI) swimming practice in shoulders of elite swimmers. Design: Cohort Study. Setting: Non-clinical, state swim team training facility. Participants: A convenience sample of eight non-injured state and national level swimmers from a regional swim team were recruited for this study. Main outcome measures: Ultrasound measures of STT were collected in response to the two swimming practice sessions. Measures were taken prior to each swim practice; immediately after practice; 6-hours post practice and 24-hours post practice. Results: A significant increase in STT resulted from both the HI and HV (p < 0.05) practice immediately post practice. For the HI practice, the STT remained significantly thicker than pre-practice measures at the 6-hour post practice test (p < 0.05) however no longer significant 24-hours post practice. The difference in the change in STT between the HI and HV practice was significantly different immediately post practice and 6-hours post practice (p < 0.05) however no longer significant 24-hour post practice. Conclusion: Ultrasound measures of STT following different swimming volumes and intensities may provide information on shoulder tendon loads. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Porter, Kirsten , Talpey, Scott , Pascoe, Deborah , Blanch, Peter , Walker, Helen , Shield, Anthony
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy in Sport Vol. 47, no. (2021), p. 173-177
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To compare the change in supraspinatus tendon thickness (STT) following a high volume (HV) and high intensity (HI) swimming practice in shoulders of elite swimmers. Design: Cohort Study. Setting: Non-clinical, state swim team training facility. Participants: A convenience sample of eight non-injured state and national level swimmers from a regional swim team were recruited for this study. Main outcome measures: Ultrasound measures of STT were collected in response to the two swimming practice sessions. Measures were taken prior to each swim practice; immediately after practice; 6-hours post practice and 24-hours post practice. Results: A significant increase in STT resulted from both the HI and HV (p < 0.05) practice immediately post practice. For the HI practice, the STT remained significantly thicker than pre-practice measures at the 6-hour post practice test (p < 0.05) however no longer significant 24-hours post practice. The difference in the change in STT between the HI and HV practice was significantly different immediately post practice and 6-hours post practice (p < 0.05) however no longer significant 24-hour post practice. Conclusion: Ultrasound measures of STT following different swimming volumes and intensities may provide information on shoulder tendon loads. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Nordic walking for overweight and obese people : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Sanchez-Lastra, Miguel, Miller, Kyle, Martínez-Lemos, Rodolfo, Giráldez, Antón, Ayán, Carlos
- Authors: Sanchez-Lastra, Miguel , Miller, Kyle , Martínez-Lemos, Rodolfo , Giráldez, Antón , Ayán, Carlos
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 17, no. 7 (2020), p. 762-772
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Nordic walking (NW) is a potentially beneficial exercise strategy for overweight and obese people. To date, no reviews have synthesized the existing scientific evidence regarding the effects of NW on this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the characteristics, methodological quality, and results of the investigations that have studied the effects of NW in overweight and obese individuals. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched up to June 2019 for studies that examined the effects of NW on people with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials was retrieved from the physiotherapy evidence database or evaluated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. Results: Twelve studies were included in the review. The investigations were mostly good-to-fair methodological quality. NW groups had a significant improvement on parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, abdominal adiposity, and body fat compared with the baseline, but no significant improvements were found when compared with control groups. Conclusions: NW can potentially lead to improvements in parameters related to major health outcomes in overweight and obese people. The lack of control for confounding variables in the analyzed studies prevents further elaboration on its potential benefits. © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- Authors: Sanchez-Lastra, Miguel , Miller, Kyle , Martínez-Lemos, Rodolfo , Giráldez, Antón , Ayán, Carlos
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 17, no. 7 (2020), p. 762-772
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Nordic walking (NW) is a potentially beneficial exercise strategy for overweight and obese people. To date, no reviews have synthesized the existing scientific evidence regarding the effects of NW on this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the characteristics, methodological quality, and results of the investigations that have studied the effects of NW in overweight and obese individuals. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched up to June 2019 for studies that examined the effects of NW on people with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials was retrieved from the physiotherapy evidence database or evaluated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. Results: Twelve studies were included in the review. The investigations were mostly good-to-fair methodological quality. NW groups had a significant improvement on parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, abdominal adiposity, and body fat compared with the baseline, but no significant improvements were found when compared with control groups. Conclusions: NW can potentially lead to improvements in parameters related to major health outcomes in overweight and obese people. The lack of control for confounding variables in the analyzed studies prevents further elaboration on its potential benefits. © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Injuries in Australian rules football : An overview of injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play
- Saw, Richard, Finch, Caroline, Samra, David, Baquie, Peter, Cardoso, Tanusha, Hope, Danielle, Orchard, John
- Authors: Saw, Richard , Finch, Caroline , Samra, David , Baquie, Peter , Cardoso, Tanusha , Hope, Danielle , Orchard, John
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sports Health Vol. 10, no. 3 (2018), p. 208-216
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Context: The nature of Australian rules football (Australian football) predisposes both unique and common injuries compared with those sustained in other football codes. The game involves a combination of tackling, kicking, high-speed running (more than other football codes), and jumping. Two decades of injury surveillance has identified common injuries at the professional level (Australian Football League [AFL]). Objective: To provide an overview of injuries in Australian rules football, including injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play. Study Design: A narrative review of AFL injuries, football injury epidemiology, and biomechanical and physiological attributes of relevant injuries. Results: The overall injury incidence in the 2015 season was 41.7 injuries per club per season, with a prevalence of 156.2 missed games per club per season. Lower limb injuries are most prevalent, with hamstring strains accounting for 19.1 missed games per club per season. Hamstring strains relate to the volume of high-speed running required in addition to at times having to collect the ball while running in a position of hip flexion and knee extension. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are also prevalent and can result from contact and noncontact incidents. In the upper limb, shoulder sprains and dislocations account for 11.5 missed games per club per season and largely resulted from tackling and contact. Concussion is less common in AFL than other tackling sports but remains an important injury, which has notably become more prevalent in recent years, theorized to be due to a more conservative approach to management. Although there are less injury surveillance data for non-AFL players (women, community-level, children), many of these injuries appear to also be common across all levels of play. Clinical Relevance: An understanding of injury profiles and mechanisms in Australian football is crucial in identifying methods to reduce injury risk and prepare players for the demands of the game. © 2017,
- Authors: Saw, Richard , Finch, Caroline , Samra, David , Baquie, Peter , Cardoso, Tanusha , Hope, Danielle , Orchard, John
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sports Health Vol. 10, no. 3 (2018), p. 208-216
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Context: The nature of Australian rules football (Australian football) predisposes both unique and common injuries compared with those sustained in other football codes. The game involves a combination of tackling, kicking, high-speed running (more than other football codes), and jumping. Two decades of injury surveillance has identified common injuries at the professional level (Australian Football League [AFL]). Objective: To provide an overview of injuries in Australian rules football, including injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play. Study Design: A narrative review of AFL injuries, football injury epidemiology, and biomechanical and physiological attributes of relevant injuries. Results: The overall injury incidence in the 2015 season was 41.7 injuries per club per season, with a prevalence of 156.2 missed games per club per season. Lower limb injuries are most prevalent, with hamstring strains accounting for 19.1 missed games per club per season. Hamstring strains relate to the volume of high-speed running required in addition to at times having to collect the ball while running in a position of hip flexion and knee extension. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are also prevalent and can result from contact and noncontact incidents. In the upper limb, shoulder sprains and dislocations account for 11.5 missed games per club per season and largely resulted from tackling and contact. Concussion is less common in AFL than other tackling sports but remains an important injury, which has notably become more prevalent in recent years, theorized to be due to a more conservative approach to management. Although there are less injury surveillance data for non-AFL players (women, community-level, children), many of these injuries appear to also be common across all levels of play. Clinical Relevance: An understanding of injury profiles and mechanisms in Australian football is crucial in identifying methods to reduce injury risk and prepare players for the demands of the game. © 2017,
Seasonal time-loss match injury rates and burden in South African under-16 rugby teams
- Sewry, Nicola, Verhagen, Evert, Lambert, Mike, van Mechelen, Willem, Readhead, Clint, Viljoen, Wayne, Brown, James
- Authors: Sewry, Nicola , Verhagen, Evert , Lambert, Mike , van Mechelen, Willem , Readhead, Clint , Viljoen, Wayne , Brown, James
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 22, no. 1 (2019), p. 54-58
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Youth rugby union is a popular sport with a high injury incidence density (IID) and burden. This high risk has called for further research into the factors affecting the injuries in youth rugby. The aim of the study was to analyse time-loss IID and burden in multiple schoolboy rugby teams over a season and the potential factors associated with injury. Design: Prospective cohort Methods: All time-loss injuries were recorded from three schools for the whole season. Overall IID and injury burden were calculated, as well as for injury event, type, location and the match quarter in which they occurred and Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine differences. Results: IID was 28.8 (18.9–38.6) injuries per 1000 player hours over the season, with an injury burden of 379.2 (343.6–414.9) days lost per 1000 player hours. The ball-carrier had a significantly higher IID (11.3 (5.2–17.5) per 1000 player hours) compared to other events, and the joint (non-bone)/ligament injuries were the most common (IID of 12.2 (5.8–18.6) per 1000 player hours) and severe type of injury (burden of 172.6 (148.5–196.6) days lost per 1000 player hours). Conclusions: The IID was similar to previous youth rugby studies, however the injury burden was much lower. The South African youth cohort showed similar factors associated with injury for inciting event (the tackle) and injury type (joint (non-bone)/ligament) and location (lower limb) as seen in other studies in both youth and senior players.
- Authors: Sewry, Nicola , Verhagen, Evert , Lambert, Mike , van Mechelen, Willem , Readhead, Clint , Viljoen, Wayne , Brown, James
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 22, no. 1 (2019), p. 54-58
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- Description: Objectives: Youth rugby union is a popular sport with a high injury incidence density (IID) and burden. This high risk has called for further research into the factors affecting the injuries in youth rugby. The aim of the study was to analyse time-loss IID and burden in multiple schoolboy rugby teams over a season and the potential factors associated with injury. Design: Prospective cohort Methods: All time-loss injuries were recorded from three schools for the whole season. Overall IID and injury burden were calculated, as well as for injury event, type, location and the match quarter in which they occurred and Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine differences. Results: IID was 28.8 (18.9–38.6) injuries per 1000 player hours over the season, with an injury burden of 379.2 (343.6–414.9) days lost per 1000 player hours. The ball-carrier had a significantly higher IID (11.3 (5.2–17.5) per 1000 player hours) compared to other events, and the joint (non-bone)/ligament injuries were the most common (IID of 12.2 (5.8–18.6) per 1000 player hours) and severe type of injury (burden of 172.6 (148.5–196.6) days lost per 1000 player hours). Conclusions: The IID was similar to previous youth rugby studies, however the injury burden was much lower. The South African youth cohort showed similar factors associated with injury for inciting event (the tackle) and injury type (joint (non-bone)/ligament) and location (lower limb) as seen in other studies in both youth and senior players.
An evaluation of a new test of reactive agility and its relationship to sprint speed and change of direction speed
- Sheppard, Jeremy, Young, Warren, Doyle, Tim, Sheppard, T. A., Newton, Robert
- Authors: Sheppard, Jeremy , Young, Warren , Doyle, Tim , Sheppard, T. A. , Newton, Robert
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 9, no. 4 (2006), p. 342-349
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- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new test of agility, the reactive agility test (RAT), which included anticipation and decision-making components in response to the movements of a tester. Thirty-eight Australian football players took part in the study, categorized into either a higher performance group (HPG) (n = 24) or lower performance group (LPG) (n = 14) based on playing level from the previous season. All participants undertook testing of a 10 m straight sprint (10 mSS), a 8-9 m change of direction speed test (CODST), and the RAT. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability testing measures were conducted with the LPG. The intra-class correlation (ICC) of the RAT was 0.870, with no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the test results obtained on the first and second test sessions using a t-test. A dependent samples t-test revealed no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the test results of two different testers with the same population. The HPG were significantly (p = 0.001) superior to those of the LPG on the RAT, with no differences observed on any other variable. The RAT is an acceptably reliable test when considering both test-retest reliability, as well as inter-rater reliability. In addition, the test was valid in distinguishing between players of differing performance level in Australian football, while the 10 mSS and CODST were not. This result suggests that traditional closed skill sprint and sprint with direction change tests may not adequately distinguish between players of different levels of competition in Australian football. © 2006 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002132
- Authors: Sheppard, Jeremy , Young, Warren , Doyle, Tim , Sheppard, T. A. , Newton, Robert
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 9, no. 4 (2006), p. 342-349
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new test of agility, the reactive agility test (RAT), which included anticipation and decision-making components in response to the movements of a tester. Thirty-eight Australian football players took part in the study, categorized into either a higher performance group (HPG) (n = 24) or lower performance group (LPG) (n = 14) based on playing level from the previous season. All participants undertook testing of a 10 m straight sprint (10 mSS), a 8-9 m change of direction speed test (CODST), and the RAT. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability testing measures were conducted with the LPG. The intra-class correlation (ICC) of the RAT was 0.870, with no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the test results obtained on the first and second test sessions using a t-test. A dependent samples t-test revealed no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the test results of two different testers with the same population. The HPG were significantly (p = 0.001) superior to those of the LPG on the RAT, with no differences observed on any other variable. The RAT is an acceptably reliable test when considering both test-retest reliability, as well as inter-rater reliability. In addition, the test was valid in distinguishing between players of differing performance level in Australian football, while the 10 mSS and CODST were not. This result suggests that traditional closed skill sprint and sprint with direction change tests may not adequately distinguish between players of different levels of competition in Australian football. © 2006 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002132
Agility literature review : Classifications, training and testing
- Sheppard, Jeremy, Young, Warren
- Authors: Sheppard, Jeremy , Young, Warren
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 24, no. 9 (Sep 2006), p. 919-932
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- Description: At present, no agreement on a precise definition of agility within the sports science community exists. The term is applied to a broad range of sport contexts, but with such great inconsistency, it further complicates our understanding of what trainable components may enhance agility. A new definition of agility is proposed: "a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus". Agility has relationships with trainable physical qualities such as strength, power and technique, as well as cognitive components such as visual-scanning techniques, visual-scanning speed and anticipation. Agility testing is generally confined to tests of physical components such as change of direction speed, or cognitive components such as anticipation and pattern recognition. New tests of agility that combine physical and cognitive measures are encouraged.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002129
- Authors: Sheppard, Jeremy , Young, Warren
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 24, no. 9 (Sep 2006), p. 919-932
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: At present, no agreement on a precise definition of agility within the sports science community exists. The term is applied to a broad range of sport contexts, but with such great inconsistency, it further complicates our understanding of what trainable components may enhance agility. A new definition of agility is proposed: "a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus". Agility has relationships with trainable physical qualities such as strength, power and technique, as well as cognitive components such as visual-scanning techniques, visual-scanning speed and anticipation. Agility testing is generally confined to tests of physical components such as change of direction speed, or cognitive components such as anticipation and pattern recognition. New tests of agility that combine physical and cognitive measures are encouraged.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002129
Measuring children's self-reported sport participation, risk perception and injury history : Development and validation of a survey instrument
- Siesmaa, Emma, Blitvich, Jennifer, White, Peta, Finch, Caroline
- Authors: Siesmaa, Emma , Blitvich, Jennifer , White, Peta , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 14, no. 1 (2011), p. 22-26
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Despite the health benefits associated with children's sport participation, the occurrence of injury in this context is common. The extent to which sport injuries impact children's ongoing involvement in sport is largely unknown. Surveys have been shown to be useful for collecting children's injury and sport participation data; however, there are currently no published instruments which investigate the impact of injury on children's sport participation. This study describes the processes undertaken to assess the validity of two survey instruments for collecting self-reported information about child cricket and netball related participation, injury history and injury risk perceptions, as well as the reliability of the cricket-specific version. Face and content validity were assessed through expert feedback from primary and secondary level teachers and from representatives of peak sporting bodies for cricket and netball. Test-retest reliability was measured using a sample of 59 child cricketers who completed the survey on two occasions, 3-4 weeks apart. Based on expert feedback relating to face and content validity, modification and/or deletion of some survey items was undertaken. Survey items with low test-retest reliability (κ≤ 0.40) were modified or deleted, items with moderate reliability (κ=0.41-0.60) were modified slightly and items with higher reliability (κ≥ 0.61) were retained, with some undergoing minor modifications. This is the first survey of its kind which has been successfully administered to cricketers aged 10-16 years to collect information about injury risk perceptions and intentions for continued sport participation. Implications for its generalisation to other child sport participants are discussed. © 2010 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Authors: Siesmaa, Emma , Blitvich, Jennifer , White, Peta , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 14, no. 1 (2011), p. 22-26
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Despite the health benefits associated with children's sport participation, the occurrence of injury in this context is common. The extent to which sport injuries impact children's ongoing involvement in sport is largely unknown. Surveys have been shown to be useful for collecting children's injury and sport participation data; however, there are currently no published instruments which investigate the impact of injury on children's sport participation. This study describes the processes undertaken to assess the validity of two survey instruments for collecting self-reported information about child cricket and netball related participation, injury history and injury risk perceptions, as well as the reliability of the cricket-specific version. Face and content validity were assessed through expert feedback from primary and secondary level teachers and from representatives of peak sporting bodies for cricket and netball. Test-retest reliability was measured using a sample of 59 child cricketers who completed the survey on two occasions, 3-4 weeks apart. Based on expert feedback relating to face and content validity, modification and/or deletion of some survey items was undertaken. Survey items with low test-retest reliability (κ≤ 0.40) were modified or deleted, items with moderate reliability (κ=0.41-0.60) were modified slightly and items with higher reliability (κ≥ 0.61) were retained, with some undergoing minor modifications. This is the first survey of its kind which has been successfully administered to cricketers aged 10-16 years to collect information about injury risk perceptions and intentions for continued sport participation. Implications for its generalisation to other child sport participants are discussed. © 2010 Sports Medicine Australia.
A seven day running training period increases basal urinary hepcidin levels as compared to cycling
- Sim, Marc, Dawson, Brian, Landers, Grant, Swinkels, Dorine, Tjalsma, Harold, Wiegerinck, Erwin, Trinder, Debbie, Peeling, Peter
- Authors: Sim, Marc , Dawson, Brian , Landers, Grant , Swinkels, Dorine , Tjalsma, Harold , Wiegerinck, Erwin , Trinder, Debbie , Peeling, Peter
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Vol. 11, no. 1 (2014), p. 1-9
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- Description: BACKGROUND: This investigation compared the effects of an extended period of weight-bearing (running) vs. non-weight-bearing (cycling) exercise on hepcidin production and its implications for iron status. METHODS: Ten active males performed two separate exercise training blocks with either running (RTB) or cycling (CTB) as the exercise mode. Each block consisted of five training sessions (Day 1, 2, 4, 5, 6) performed over a seven day period that were matched for exercise intensity. Basal venous blood samples were obtained on Day 1 (D1), and on Recovery Days 3 (R3) and 7 (R7) to assess iron status, while basal and 3 h post-exercise urinary hepcidin levels were measured on D1, D2, D6, as well as R3 and R7 (basal levels only) for each condition. RESULTS: Basal urinary hepcidin levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.05) at D2, R3 and R7 as compared to D1 in RTB. Furthermore, 3 h post-exercise urinary hepcidin levels on D1 were also significantly higher in RTB compared to CTB (p = 0.05). In CTB, urinary hepcidin levels were not statistically different on D1 as compared to R7. Iron parameters were not significantly different at D1 compared to R3 and R7 during both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that basal hepcidin levels may increase over the course of an extended training program, especially if a weight-bearing exercise modality is undertaken. However, despite any variations in hepcidin production, serum iron parameters in both RTB and CTB were unaffected, possibly due to the short duration of each training block. In comparing running to cycling, non-weight-bearing activity may require more training sessions, or sessions of extended duration, before any significant changes in basal hepcidin levels appear. Chronic elevations in hepcidin levels may help to explain the high incidence of iron deficiency in athletes.
- Authors: Sim, Marc , Dawson, Brian , Landers, Grant , Swinkels, Dorine , Tjalsma, Harold , Wiegerinck, Erwin , Trinder, Debbie , Peeling, Peter
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Vol. 11, no. 1 (2014), p. 1-9
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: BACKGROUND: This investigation compared the effects of an extended period of weight-bearing (running) vs. non-weight-bearing (cycling) exercise on hepcidin production and its implications for iron status. METHODS: Ten active males performed two separate exercise training blocks with either running (RTB) or cycling (CTB) as the exercise mode. Each block consisted of five training sessions (Day 1, 2, 4, 5, 6) performed over a seven day period that were matched for exercise intensity. Basal venous blood samples were obtained on Day 1 (D1), and on Recovery Days 3 (R3) and 7 (R7) to assess iron status, while basal and 3 h post-exercise urinary hepcidin levels were measured on D1, D2, D6, as well as R3 and R7 (basal levels only) for each condition. RESULTS: Basal urinary hepcidin levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.05) at D2, R3 and R7 as compared to D1 in RTB. Furthermore, 3 h post-exercise urinary hepcidin levels on D1 were also significantly higher in RTB compared to CTB (p = 0.05). In CTB, urinary hepcidin levels were not statistically different on D1 as compared to R7. Iron parameters were not significantly different at D1 compared to R3 and R7 during both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that basal hepcidin levels may increase over the course of an extended training program, especially if a weight-bearing exercise modality is undertaken. However, despite any variations in hepcidin production, serum iron parameters in both RTB and CTB were unaffected, possibly due to the short duration of each training block. In comparing running to cycling, non-weight-bearing activity may require more training sessions, or sessions of extended duration, before any significant changes in basal hepcidin levels appear. Chronic elevations in hepcidin levels may help to explain the high incidence of iron deficiency in athletes.
Internal and external imagery perspective measurement and use in imagining open and closed sports skills : An exploratory study
- Spittle, Michael, Morris, Tony
- Authors: Spittle, Michael , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 104, no. 2 (2007), p. 387-404
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study explored the measurement and use of internal and external imagery perspectives during imagery of open and closed sports skills. Participants (N = 41; male = 23; female = 18), ages 14 to 28 (M = 19.4 yr.; SD = 3.1), who were recruited from undergraduate classes in human movement and physical education, and local sporting teams, completed the Imagery Use Questionnaire and then imagined performing eight common sports skills, four open skills and four closed skills, in a random order. Participants provided concurrent verbalisation during their imagery. Immediately after imagining each skill, participants completed a rating scale and retrospective verbalisation of imagery perspective use. Analysis indicated that the questionnaire gave a general imagery perspective preference but was not a strong predictor of imagery used on specific occasions. The three measures of imagery perspective were equivalent in imagining performing particular skills. Participants experienced more internal imagery than external imagery while imagining the eight sports skills, but there was no significant difference between perspective use on the open and closed skills. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2007.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005636
- Authors: Spittle, Michael , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 104, no. 2 (2007), p. 387-404
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study explored the measurement and use of internal and external imagery perspectives during imagery of open and closed sports skills. Participants (N = 41; male = 23; female = 18), ages 14 to 28 (M = 19.4 yr.; SD = 3.1), who were recruited from undergraduate classes in human movement and physical education, and local sporting teams, completed the Imagery Use Questionnaire and then imagined performing eight common sports skills, four open skills and four closed skills, in a random order. Participants provided concurrent verbalisation during their imagery. Immediately after imagining each skill, participants completed a rating scale and retrospective verbalisation of imagery perspective use. Analysis indicated that the questionnaire gave a general imagery perspective preference but was not a strong predictor of imagery used on specific occasions. The three measures of imagery perspective were equivalent in imagining performing particular skills. Participants experienced more internal imagery than external imagery while imagining the eight sports skills, but there was no significant difference between perspective use on the open and closed skills. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2007.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005636
Providing sporting experiences for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) environments : Sport and physical activity participation and intentions
- Spittle, Michael, O'Meara, James, Garnham, Jennie, Kerr, Megan
- Authors: Spittle, Michael , O'Meara, James , Garnham, Jennie , Kerr, Megan
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 316-322
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- Description: The Out of School Hours Sports Program (OSHSP) aimed to provide structured sporting experiences and community links to local clubs for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC). The OSHSP involved 17 State Sporting Associations (SSAs), 71 OSHC Services and local club representatives. This study explored children's participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP and parental intention for participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP. Surveys were received from 211 children (76 girls and 125 boys; mean age = 7.9 years, S.D. = 1.7) and their parents/guardians (37.9% response rate). OSHC is characterised by freedom of choice of participation in activities by children. The OSHSP was used to provide an opportunity to choose to participate in a sport while attending OSHC. At the OSHC Services surveyed, between 7.1 and 100% of the children attending OSHC chose to participate in the OSHSP. Of those children who chose to participate, 85% were participating in a sport, usually a different sport to the one offered in the OSHSP. This participation was largely club-based (49.8%), most often once a week for training and competition (55.2%). Parental intentions for children's participation in the OSHSP sports varied with respect to the number of years attending the OSHSP, where children played and trained in their main sport, and how many times a week a child played and trained in their main sport. Older children tended to play and train for sport more times per week and had been attending the OSHC for more years than younger children. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
- Authors: Spittle, Michael , O'Meara, James , Garnham, Jennie , Kerr, Megan
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 316-322
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Out of School Hours Sports Program (OSHSP) aimed to provide structured sporting experiences and community links to local clubs for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC). The OSHSP involved 17 State Sporting Associations (SSAs), 71 OSHC Services and local club representatives. This study explored children's participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP and parental intention for participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP. Surveys were received from 211 children (76 girls and 125 boys; mean age = 7.9 years, S.D. = 1.7) and their parents/guardians (37.9% response rate). OSHC is characterised by freedom of choice of participation in activities by children. The OSHSP was used to provide an opportunity to choose to participate in a sport while attending OSHC. At the OSHC Services surveyed, between 7.1 and 100% of the children attending OSHC chose to participate in the OSHSP. Of those children who chose to participate, 85% were participating in a sport, usually a different sport to the one offered in the OSHSP. This participation was largely club-based (49.8%), most often once a week for training and competition (55.2%). Parental intentions for children's participation in the OSHSP sports varied with respect to the number of years attending the OSHSP, where children played and trained in their main sport, and how many times a week a child played and trained in their main sport. Older children tended to play and train for sport more times per week and had been attending the OSHC for more years than younger children. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
Selection of key trade tasks for detailed observation : Report No.1
- Stacy, R, Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack
- Authors: Stacy, R , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The aim of this work package was to identify a set of key job performance tasks, which were considered to represent the critical physical performance requirements and risks relevant to Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards, for more intensive examination. A total of 34 tasks were identified for further detailed observation and analysis in the next work package (WBS: 1.1.2.2). These tasks were selected using a process of analysis which was consistent with processes used in previously reported studies, such as Rayson (1998). The objectives of this analysis process were to identify those tasks that are: 1. Most physically demanding and/or impacting on cognitive function; 2. Common to all the combat arms; 3. Specific to a particular combat arm, trade or sub-trades; and 4. Considered to involve higher levels of risk of injury. The method followed a three-step process, including: 1. A preliminary review of existing ADF task analysis survey data, competency statements and sub-trade manuals; 2. A questionnaire to subject matter experts; and 3. A series of one-day workshops at Puckapunyal. The outcome of this analysis process was a list of 34 tasks that represented a combination of physically demanding tasks, common tasks and high-risk tasks. For the purposes of detailed task observation, the tasks were provisionally allocated, 20 to Infantry and 15 to Airfield Defence Guards. One duplicate task appears in both lists.
- Authors: Stacy, R , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The aim of this work package was to identify a set of key job performance tasks, which were considered to represent the critical physical performance requirements and risks relevant to Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards, for more intensive examination. A total of 34 tasks were identified for further detailed observation and analysis in the next work package (WBS: 1.1.2.2). These tasks were selected using a process of analysis which was consistent with processes used in previously reported studies, such as Rayson (1998). The objectives of this analysis process were to identify those tasks that are: 1. Most physically demanding and/or impacting on cognitive function; 2. Common to all the combat arms; 3. Specific to a particular combat arm, trade or sub-trades; and 4. Considered to involve higher levels of risk of injury. The method followed a three-step process, including: 1. A preliminary review of existing ADF task analysis survey data, competency statements and sub-trade manuals; 2. A questionnaire to subject matter experts; and 3. A series of one-day workshops at Puckapunyal. The outcome of this analysis process was a list of 34 tasks that represented a combination of physically demanding tasks, common tasks and high-risk tasks. For the purposes of detailed task observation, the tasks were provisionally allocated, 20 to Infantry and 15 to Airfield Defence Guards. One duplicate task appears in both lists.
How much is enough in rehabilitation? High running workloads following lower limb muscle injury delay return to play but protect against subsequent injury
- Stares, Jordan, Dawson, Brian, Peeling, Peter, Drew, Michael, Heasman, Jarryd, Rogalski, Brent, Colby, Marcus
- Authors: Stares, Jordan , Dawson, Brian , Peeling, Peter , Drew, Michael , Heasman, Jarryd , Rogalski, Brent , Colby, Marcus
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 10 (2018), p. 1019-1024
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Examine the influence of rehabilitation training loads on return to play (RTP) time and subsequent injury in elite Australian footballers. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Internal (sessional rating of perceived exertion: sRPE) and external (distance, sprint distance) workload and lower limb non-contact muscle injury data was collected from 58 players over 5 seasons. Rehabilitation periods were analysed for running workloads and time spent in 3 rehabilitation stages (1: off-legs training, 2: non-football running, 3: group football training) was calculated. Multi-level survival analyses with random effects accounting for player and season were performed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable were produced for RTP time and time to subsequent injury. Results: Of 85 lower limb muscle injuries, 70 were rehabilitated to RTP, with 30 cases of subsequent injury recorded (recurrence rate = 11.8%, new site injury rate = 31.4%). Completion of high rehabilitation workloads delayed RTP (distance: >49,775 m [reference: 34,613–49,775 m]: HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.04–0.36, sRPE: >1266 AU [reference: 852–1266 AU]: HR 0.09, 95%CI 0.03–0.32). Return to running within 4 days increased subsequent injury risk (3–4 days [reference: 5–6 days]: HR 25.88, 95%CI 2.06–324.4). Attaining moderate-high sprint distance (427–710 m) was protective against subsequent injury (154–426 m: [reference: 427–710 m]: HR 37.41, 95%CI 2.70–518.64). Conclusions: Training load monitoring can inform player rehabilitation programs. Higher rehabilitation training loads delayed RTP; however, moderate-high sprint running loads can protect against subsequent injury. Shared-decision making regarding RTP should include accumulated training loads and consider the trade-off between expedited RTP and lower subsequent injury risk.
- Authors: Stares, Jordan , Dawson, Brian , Peeling, Peter , Drew, Michael , Heasman, Jarryd , Rogalski, Brent , Colby, Marcus
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 10 (2018), p. 1019-1024
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Examine the influence of rehabilitation training loads on return to play (RTP) time and subsequent injury in elite Australian footballers. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Internal (sessional rating of perceived exertion: sRPE) and external (distance, sprint distance) workload and lower limb non-contact muscle injury data was collected from 58 players over 5 seasons. Rehabilitation periods were analysed for running workloads and time spent in 3 rehabilitation stages (1: off-legs training, 2: non-football running, 3: group football training) was calculated. Multi-level survival analyses with random effects accounting for player and season were performed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable were produced for RTP time and time to subsequent injury. Results: Of 85 lower limb muscle injuries, 70 were rehabilitated to RTP, with 30 cases of subsequent injury recorded (recurrence rate = 11.8%, new site injury rate = 31.4%). Completion of high rehabilitation workloads delayed RTP (distance: >49,775 m [reference: 34,613–49,775 m]: HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.04–0.36, sRPE: >1266 AU [reference: 852–1266 AU]: HR 0.09, 95%CI 0.03–0.32). Return to running within 4 days increased subsequent injury risk (3–4 days [reference: 5–6 days]: HR 25.88, 95%CI 2.06–324.4). Attaining moderate-high sprint distance (427–710 m) was protective against subsequent injury (154–426 m: [reference: 427–710 m]: HR 37.41, 95%CI 2.70–518.64). Conclusions: Training load monitoring can inform player rehabilitation programs. Higher rehabilitation training loads delayed RTP; however, moderate-high sprint running loads can protect against subsequent injury. Shared-decision making regarding RTP should include accumulated training loads and consider the trade-off between expedited RTP and lower subsequent injury risk.
The acute effects of conventional, complex, and contrast protocols on lower-body power
- Talpey, Scott, Young, Warren, Saunders, Natalie
- Authors: Talpey, Scott , Young, Warren , Saunders, Natalie
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 28, no. 2 (February 2014 2014), p. 361-366
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Talpey, SW, Young, WB, and Saunders, N. The acute effects of conventional, complex, and contrast protocols on lowerbody power. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 361-366, 2014- This study compared conventional, complex, and contrast protocols on peak power (PP) output. Static vs. dynamic contractions were also manipulated to determine the effect of these confounding variables. Eighteen recreationally trained men [age, 21.1 ± 3.3 years; body mass, 81.7 ± 15.9 kg; height, 182.8 ± 6.2 cm; 5 repetition maximum (5RM) half back squat, 119.2 ± 25.4 kg; 5RM/BW, 1.5 ± 0.2 kg] involved in sports including Australian Rules football, basketball, soccer, and rugby participated in this investigation. Five protocols were executed in a randomized order, a conventional protocol in which 3 sets of 4 countermovement jumps (CMJs) were performed 2 minutes apart. Contrast protocols using a heavy resistance conditioning action of either 4 repetitions with a 5RM load or a 5-second static back squat were alternated with sets of 4 CMJs. Complex conditions with 3 sets of 4 repetitions of a 5RM back squat or a 5-second static back squat were performed before the 3 sets of CMJs. In all conditions, 4 minutes of rest followed sets of heavy resistance exercises and 2 minutes of rest followed each set of CMJs. Individual set means and a total session mean were calculated from each CMJ performed during the session. Results showed that the conventional protocol produced significantly greater PP than all conditions except for the dynamic complex and the static contrast. Results suggest that the use of the complex and contrast protocols used in this investigation should not be used for acute increases in lower-body PP in recreationally trained individuals.
- Authors: Talpey, Scott , Young, Warren , Saunders, Natalie
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 28, no. 2 (February 2014 2014), p. 361-366
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- Description: Talpey, SW, Young, WB, and Saunders, N. The acute effects of conventional, complex, and contrast protocols on lowerbody power. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 361-366, 2014- This study compared conventional, complex, and contrast protocols on peak power (PP) output. Static vs. dynamic contractions were also manipulated to determine the effect of these confounding variables. Eighteen recreationally trained men [age, 21.1 ± 3.3 years; body mass, 81.7 ± 15.9 kg; height, 182.8 ± 6.2 cm; 5 repetition maximum (5RM) half back squat, 119.2 ± 25.4 kg; 5RM/BW, 1.5 ± 0.2 kg] involved in sports including Australian Rules football, basketball, soccer, and rugby participated in this investigation. Five protocols were executed in a randomized order, a conventional protocol in which 3 sets of 4 countermovement jumps (CMJs) were performed 2 minutes apart. Contrast protocols using a heavy resistance conditioning action of either 4 repetitions with a 5RM load or a 5-second static back squat were alternated with sets of 4 CMJs. Complex conditions with 3 sets of 4 repetitions of a 5RM back squat or a 5-second static back squat were performed before the 3 sets of CMJs. In all conditions, 4 minutes of rest followed sets of heavy resistance exercises and 2 minutes of rest followed each set of CMJs. Individual set means and a total session mean were calculated from each CMJ performed during the session. Results showed that the conventional protocol produced significantly greater PP than all conditions except for the dynamic complex and the static contrast. Results suggest that the use of the complex and contrast protocols used in this investigation should not be used for acute increases in lower-body PP in recreationally trained individuals.