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A survey on image classification of lightweight convolutional neural network

- Liu, Ying, Xiao, Peng, Fang, Jie, Zhang, Dengsheng

  • Authors: Liu, Ying , Xiao, Peng , Fang, Jie , Zhang, Dengsheng
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 19th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, ICNC-FSKD 2023, Harbin, China, 29-31 July 2023, 2023 19th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)
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  • Description: In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success in image classification in both academic and industrial settings. However, the high hardware requirements imposed by their intensive and complex computations pose a challenge for deployment on low-storage devices. To address this challenge, lightweight networks provide a viable solution. This paper provides a detailed review of recent lightweight image classification algorithms, which can be categorized into low-redundancy network model design and neural network compression algorithms. The former reduces network computations by replacing traditional convolution with efficient lightweight convolution, while the latter reduces redundancy in the network by employing methods such as network pruning, knowledge distillation, and parameter quantization. We summarize the experimental results of some classical models and algorithms on ImageNet2012 and CIFAR-10 datasets, and analyze the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of these models respectively. Finally, future research directions for lightweight algorithms in the field of image classification are identified. © 2023 IEEE.

A three-stage developmental pathway for human V

- Perriman, Louis, Tavakolinia, Naeimeh, Jalali, Sedigheh, Li, Shuo, Hickey, Peter, Amann-Zalcenstein, Daniela, Ho, William, Baldwin, Tracey, Piers, Adam, Konstantinov, Igor, Anderson, Jeremy, Stanley, Edouard, Licciardi, Paul, Kannourakis, George, Naik, Shalin, Koay, Hui-Fern, Mackay, Laura, Berzins, Stuart, Pellicci, Daniel

Aboriginal use of fire as a weapon in Colonial Victoria : a preliminary analysis

- Clark, Ian, Cahir, David (Fred), Wilkie, Benjamin, Tout, Dan, Clark, Jidah

  • Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred) , Wilkie, Benjamin , Tout, Dan , Clark, Jidah
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Historical Studies Vol. 54, no. 1 (2023), p. 109-124
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  • Description: The use of fire as an offensive and defensive weapon on the colonial frontier in Australia has received little scholarly attention. This article aims to build on insights from current historiography about the customary use of fire by Aboriginal peoples within the borders of Victoria, Australia. Specifically, our aim is to highlight the historically significant role Aboriginal peoples’ use of fire played in resisting the colonists in Victoria during the colonial period. By closely scrutinising documentary records it is possible to demonstrate that Aboriginal people used fire, both offensively and defensively, against the colonists. © Editorial Board, Australian Historical Studies 2023.

Adaptive capacity task offloading in multi-hop D2D-based social industrial IoT

- Ibrar, Muhammad, Wang, Lei, Akbar, Aamir, Jan, Mian, Balasubramanian, Venki, Muntean, Gabriel-Miro, Shah, Nadir

  • Authors: Ibrar, Muhammad , Wang, Lei , Akbar, Aamir , Jan, Mian , Balasubramanian, Venki , Muntean, Gabriel-Miro , Shah, Nadir
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering Vol. 10, no. 5 (2023), p. 2843-2852
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  • Description: Traditional communication technologies such as cellular networks are facing problems to support high service quality when used for time-critical applications in an Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) context, including real-time data transmission, route dependability, and scalability. To address these problems, device-to-device (D2D) communications based on social relationships can be used, which allow for task-offloading: resource-rich devices share unused computing resources with resource constraint devices. However, unbalanced task offloading in Social IIoT (SIIoT) might actually degrade the overall system performance, which is not desirable. In this paper, we propose an adaptive capacity task offloading solution for D2D-based social industrial IoT (ToSIIoT) which considers devices utilization ratio and strength of social relationships in order to improve resource utilization, increase QoS and achieve better task completion rate. The proposed approach consists of three aspects: social-aware relay selection in a multi-hop D2D communication context, choice of a resource-rich SIIoT device for task offloading, and adaptive redistribution of tasks. The paper proposes heuristic algorithms, as finding optimal solutions to the problems are NP-hard. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed ToSIIoT performs better than existing approaches in terms of utilization ratio, QoS violation, average execution delay, and task completion ratio. © 2013 IEEE.

Adolescent substance use and high school noncompletion : exploring the nature of the relationship using a discordant twin design

- Davis, Christal, Gizer, Ian, Lynskey, Michael, Statham, Dixie, Heath, Andrew, Martin, Nicholas, Slutske, Wendy

  • Authors: Davis, Christal , Gizer, Ian , Lynskey, Michael , Statham, Dixie , Heath, Andrew , Martin, Nicholas , Slutske, Wendy
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Addiction Vol. 118, no. 1 (2023), p. 167-176
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  • Description: Background and Aims: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between substance use and reduced educational attainment; however, many were unable to account for potential confounding factors like genetics and the rearing environment. In the few studies that controlled for these factors, the substances assessed were limited to alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. To address these limitations, we examined the relationship between adolescent use of seven kinds of substances, the number of additional substances used, and high school noncompletion within a large sample of Australian twins. Design: A series of two-level generalized mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted to examine associations between adolescent substance use and high school noncompletion. Setting: Australia. Participants: A total of 9579 adult Australian twins from two cohorts of the Australian Twin Registry. Measurements: Assessments of high school completion, childhood major depression, conduct disorder symptoms, substance use initiation, demographics, and parental educational attainment using the Australian version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Findings: There were unique within-twin-pair effects of use of sedatives (odds ratio [OR] = 22.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–423.48]) and inhalants/solvents (OR = 10.46 [95% CI = 1.30–84.16]) on high school noncompletion. The number of substances used in adolescence was strongly associated with high school noncompletion across all discordant twin models (ORs from 1.50–2.32, Ps < 0.03). Conclusions: In Australia, adolescent substance use appears to be associated with early school dropout, with the effects of any given substance largely because of the confounding factors of parental education, childhood conduct disorder symptoms, and use of other substances. Sedatives and inhalants/solvents have effects on high school noncompletion that cannot be explained by polysubstance use or familial factors. © 2022 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Adult learning as metamorphosis and popular education for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/gender diverse, and queer+ equality: The story of leonard matlovich

- Gates, Trevor, Ross, Dyann, Bennett, Bindi

  • Authors: Gates, Trevor , Ross, Dyann , Bennett, Bindi
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Adult learning Vol. 34, no. 4 (2023), p. 209-219
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  • Description: Critical events in Leonard Matlovich’s life depict a reluctant activist for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/gender diverse, and queer+ (LGBTQ+) equality. He served in the US military and subsequently came to personify the broad social challenges to the military’s homophobic culture and recruitment practices. Matlovich’s experience of a series of life metamorphoses made a difference beyond the individual. His example inspired multitudes of other concerned citizens in how to undertake their metamorphoses to challenge institutionalized homophobia. Breakthrough learning experiences in Matlovich’s life are presented to explore and refine aspects of transformative learning theory by applying Jane Martin’s metamorphosis model. The learning nexus between individuals and society is shown to be a dynamic interaction where both aspects of Matlovich’s story and his influence are explored in the context of today’s LGBTQ+ equality struggles. The article shows the conducive personal and societal conditions that enabled his various metamorphoses as whole-of-individual identity and sociocultural crossings toward transformational change. Additionally, the implications of Martin’s educational metamorphosis are discussed. Adult educators are encouraged to emphasize learning located in the learner’s life circumstances, exemplary case studies to inspire cultural crossings against injustice, and transformations as being about grasping in situ learning opportunities in the cross-influence between the whole person and their socio-historical context. Matlovich’s experiences show how relevant dimensions of Martin’s theoretical approach, coupled with support from allies, can contribute to personal agency and can build a groundswell of learning needed to support activism for social justice movements.

Age management for the common good

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Economic and Labour Relations Review Vol. 34, no. 1 (2023), p. 179-188
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  • Description: In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and amid the present reconfiguring of corporate purpose, there is an opportunity to realign actions focused on prolonging working lives. We put forward a transformative agenda concerned with workforce ageing that aligns with contemporary expectations regarding sustainability, inequality, and emerging conceptualisations of management. In this article, the new concept of Common Good human resource management (HRM) is utilised as a potential means of encouraging business responses focused on grand challenges such as population ageing. We suggest how these principles might be applied to the issue of managing age in workplaces, to recast debate about issues of age and work, to be used as an advocacy tool encouraging employer engagement, while providing a framework that might direct organisational leadership. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of UNSW Canberra.

AI grey box model for alum sludge as a soil stabilizer : an accurate predictive tool

- Baghbani, Abolfazl, Nguyen, Minh, Kafle, Bidur, Baghbani, Hasan, Shirani Faradonbeh, Roohollah

  • Authors: Baghbani, Abolfazl , Nguyen, Minh , Kafle, Bidur , Baghbani, Hasan , Shirani Faradonbeh, Roohollah
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 17, no. 5 (2023), p. 480-494
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  • Description: By using a grey box AI model, a comprehensive study is presented on the behaviour prediction of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. To creat models for predicting the California bearing rtio (CBR) of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer, the study employs statistical models, including multiple linear regression (MLR) and Partial least squares (PLS), and advanced artificial intelligence, including classificatoin and regression random forests (CRRF) and classification and regression trees (CART). Results show that CRRF and CART models accurately predict CBR values better than MLR and PLS models. For predicting the behaviour of alum sludge in soil stablization, the compaction number of hammer and sludge content were the most significant parameters. Gs and optimum moisture content of soil were the least important parameters. Study results provide valuable insights into alum sludge’s behaviour as a soil stablizer, which could reduce waste and promote sustainable practice. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

An annotated checklist of the Collembola (Hexapoda) from Iran

- Mayvan, Mahmood, Greenslade, Penelope, Sadeghi-Namaghi, Hussein

  • Authors: Mayvan, Mahmood , Greenslade, Penelope , Sadeghi-Namaghi, Hussein
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 5275, no. 1 (2023), p.
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  • Description: Based on available literature sources, we have listed the genera and species of springtails (Collembola) of Iran located in Southwest Asia. In total, 301 named species of Collembola are listed in catalogue. This includes 286 described species in 109 genera from 20 families recorded from Iran. Of them, 15 species are also considered as dubious species. It also includes 15 genera whose species are still unknown. Information about biology, geographical distribution, ecology, authorship records for different provinces, and bibliographical data of Iranian Collembola are included. Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press.

An educator's anthology of virtual simulation applications for nursing curricula : a mapping review

- Cant, Robyn, Ryan, Colleen

  • Authors: Cant, Robyn , Ryan, Colleen
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Clinical Simulation in Nursing Vol. 74, no. (2023), p. 87-97
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  • Description: Virtual (screen-based) simulations have been utilized to help progress pre-licensure nursing students’ remote clinical learning during the recent pandemic. This mapping review, reports an anthology of virtual simulation technology sources from simulation education web sites and library sources. Two authors verified available sources and categorized these based on cost; either open access, or subscription-based. A list of 40 virtual simulation sources including virtual simulations, virtual reality simulations and virtual games, is presented. These provide faculty with a choice of virtual simulation modalities for various levels of nurse learners. Numerous virtual simulation technology applications are available for educators to utilize in teaching nursing students. Results from this review meet a need for educators to access virtual simulation applications to include in their education curricula. © 2022

An examination of tourists’ pre-trip motivational model using push–pull theory : Melbourne as a case study

- Soldatenko, Daria, Zentveld, Elisa, Morgan, Damian

  • Authors: Soldatenko, Daria , Zentveld, Elisa , Morgan, Damian
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Tourism Cities Vol. 9, no. 3 (2023), p. 572-597
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  • Description: Purpose: To succeed in a competitive tourist market and attract more foreign tourists, it is essential to have a clear understanding of what travellers are seeking and endeavour to meet those needs, as well as key influential factors in their travel decision-making process. The purpose of the study is to develop and examine tourists’ pre-trip motivational model using the push–pull theory. Design/methodology/approach: A tourists’ pre-trip motivational model was developed and then tested based on a sample of 320 Chinese and non-Chinese visitors to Melbourne, Australia, to assess the suitability of the new model. Data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis and independent T-tests. Findings: The analysis revealed statistically significant differences between studied samples in terms of the push and pull factors. In comparison with non-Chinese tourists, Chinese visitors to Melbourne assigned higher importance to resting and relaxing opportunities, family-oriented activities, as well as safety and a high level of service. The identified differences should be reflected in marketing and promotional activities provided to Chinese and non-Chinese travellers. Practical implications: The study provides useful information for Destination Marketing Organisations in tourism cities wanting to develop specifically customised tourist products, services and promotion programs tailored to each market. Originality/value: The proposed extended push–pull model represents a holistic and complex model of the travel decision-making process with the multiple linkages between motivations for travelling, preferences of destination attributes, information source usage, trip expectations, possible constraints for travelling and evaluation of destination choice criteria. Understanding all these factors, their relationship and their influence on the final destination choice is a prerequisite for effective and successful actions on attraction and retention of visitors for all tourist destinations. The developed tourists’ pre-trip motivational model may be used as a conceptual framework to guide subsequent motivational studies in tourism. © 2023, International Tourism Studies Association.

An exploration into early childhood physical literacy programs : a systematic literature review

- Porter, Joanne, Dabkowski, Elissa, Prokopiv, Val, Missen, Karen, Barbagallo, Michael, James, Michelle

  • Authors: Porter, Joanne , Dabkowski, Elissa , Prokopiv, Val , Missen, Karen , Barbagallo, Michael , James, Michelle
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Early Childhood Vol. 48, no. 1 (2023), p. 34-49
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  • Description: This review explored the impact of physical literacy programs designed to engage two- to five-year-old preschool children. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used. Six EBSCO host databases were searched for the period 2011 to April 2021 using the search terms “physical literacy,” “early childhood,” and “impact.” Articles were excluded if physical literacy was not the focal intervention. The final data set consisted of seven-peer reviewed articles meeting the eligibility criteria and quality assessment for this review. Three themes were created using Braun and Clark’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis: Holistic benefits of physical literacy, Barriers to physical literacy and Education begins at home. Early childhood physical literacy programs provide holistic benefits for children; however, further research is needed in an Australian context. Families and community members working in the early childhood sector could benefit from further education and training to improve physical literacy awareness. © The Author(s) 2022.

An in silico assessment on the potential of using saline infusion to overcome non-confluent coagulation zone during two-probe, no-touch bipolar radiofrequency ablation of liver cancer

- Yip, Wai, Kho, Antony, Ooi, Ean, Ooi, Ean Tat

  • Authors: Yip, Wai , Kho, Antony , Ooi, Ean , Ooi, Ean Tat
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Medical Engineering and Physics Vol. 112, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: No-touch bipolar radiofrequency ablation (bRFA) is known to produce incomplete tumour ablation with a ‘butterfly-shaped’ coagulation zone when the interelectrode distance exceeds a certain threshold. Although non-confluent coagulation zone can be avoided by not implementing the no-touch mode, doing so exposes the patient to the risk of tumour track seeding. The present study investigates if prior infusion of saline into the tissue can overcome the issues of non-confluent or butterfly-shaped coagulation. A computational modelling approach based on the finite element method was carried out. A two-compartment model comprising the tumour that is surrounded by healthy liver tissue was developed. Three cases were considered; i) saline infusion into the tumour centre; ii) one-sided saline infusion outside the tumour; and iii) two-sided saline infusion outside the tumour. For each case, three different saline volumes were considered, i.e. 6, 14 and 22 ml. Saline concentration was set to 15% w/v. Numerical results showed that saline infusion into the tumour centre can overcome the butterfly-shaped coagulation only if the infusion volume is sufficient. On the other hand, one-sided infusion outside the tumour did not overcome this. Two-sided infusion outside the tumour produced confluent coagulation zone with the largest volume. Results obtained from the present study suggest that saline infusion, when carried out correctly, can be used to effectively eradicate liver cancer. This presents a practical solution to address non-confluent coagulation zone typical of that during two-probe bRFA treatment. © 2023 IPEM

An intelligent heart disease prediction system based on swarm-artificial neural network

- Nandy, Sudarshan, Adhikari, Mainak, Balasubramanian, Venki, Menon, Varun, Li, Xingwang, Zakarya, Muhammad

  • Authors: Nandy, Sudarshan , Adhikari, Mainak , Balasubramanian, Venki , Menon, Varun , Li, Xingwang , Zakarya, Muhammad
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Neural Computing and Applications Vol. 35, no. 20 (2023), p. 14723-14737
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  • Description: The accurate prediction of cardiovascular disease is an essential and challenging task to treat a patient efficiently before occurring a heart attack. In recent times, various intelligent healthcare frameworks have been designed with different machine learning and swarm optimization techniques for cardiovascular disease prediction. However, most of the existing strategies failed to achieve higher accuracy for cardiovascular disease prediction due to the lack of data-recognized techniques and proper prediction methodology. Motivated by the existing challenges, in this paper, we propose an intelligent healthcare framework for predicting cardiovascular heart disease based on Swarm-Artificial Neural Network (Swarm-ANN) strategy. Initially, the proposed Swarm-ANN strategy randomly generates predefined numbers of Neural Networks (NNs) for training and evaluating the framework based on their solution consistency. Additionally, the NN populations are trained by two stages of weight changes and their weight is adjusted by a newly designed heuristic formulation. Finally, the weight of the neurons is modified by sharing the global best weight with other neurons and predicts the accuracy of cardiovascular disease. The proposed Swarm-ANN strategy achieves 95.78% accuracy while predicting the cardiovascular disease of the patients from a benchmark dataset. The simulation results exhibit that the proposed Swarm-ANN strategy outperforms the standard learning techniques in terms of various performance matrices. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

An introduction to the Ramsar Convention on wetlands

- Gell, Peter, Finlayson, C., Davidson, Nick

  • Authors: Gell, Peter , Finlayson, C. , Davidson, Nick
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Ramsar Wetlands: Values, Assessment, Management Chapter 1 p. 1-36
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  • Description: The Ramsar Convention on the conservation and wise use of the World’s wetlands was agreed in response to widespread recognition of the declining condition of wetlands and the impact of this on wetland habitats and associated fauna. Since 1971, over 2000 wetlands have been listed as internationally important by 172 countries and covering more than 2,000,000km2. There have been considerable advances in the scientific understanding of wetlands, and today, the monitoring of these systems draws on multiple disciplinary approaches. The Convention itself has responded to these advances and the ongoing challenge to conserve the world’s wetlands. Importantly, signatory nations regularly report on the condition of wetlands, update listings, and have adopted a framework to ensure wise use of all wetlands. In turn, healthy wetlands are increasingly seen to afford considerable ecosystem services to human communities that rely on them for the provision of food and water and recreation and for their cultural and aesthetic values. Whilst the Convention has now passed its 50th anniversary, it is increasingly recognised that wetlands continually change over many time scales and that direct human pressures are merely one of the drivers that affect wetlands. The monitoring of these changes continues to allow the Convention and signatory nations to amend the framework to reflect emerging understanding of wetland change. These advances enable the Convention to encourage, and better allow, signatory nations to pursue social and economic outcomes whilst continuing to contribute to the pursuit of conserving the natural assets accommodated within the global network of significant wetlands. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis and design of a cost-effective single-input and regulatable multioutput WPT system

- Li, Xiaofei, Zheng, Fan, Wang, Heshou, Dai, Xin, Sun, Yue, Hu, Jiefeng

  • Authors: Li, Xiaofei , Zheng, Fan , Wang, Heshou , Dai, Xin , Sun, Yue , Hu, Jiefeng
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Vol. 38, no. 6 (2023), p. 6939-6944
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  • Description: In this letter, a single-input and regulatable multioutput wireless power transfer system is presented. In particular, the system uses positive and negative half-wave rectifiers and a synchronous rectifier to realize multiple output channels. Each output channel is controllable, providing a flexible wireless charger to meet various charging requirements. Moreover, this system utilizes the inherent half-wave-rectifier channels (#B and #C) to detect synchronous signals for the rectifiers rather than using additional synchronous detection circuits, thereby leading to a cost-effective system. Finally, a 300 W laboratory prototype is contrasted with three voltage levels, i.e., 48, 30, and 24 V. With the help of the control logic, this system shows excellent robustness against different occasions, such as load variations, input disturbance, and misalignment. The overall efficiency ranges from 86.7% to 90.6%. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

Anti-aliasing deep image classifiers using novel depth adaptive blurring and activation function

- Hossain, Md Tahmid, Teng, Shyh, Lu, Guojun, Rahman, Mohammad Arifur, Sohel, Ferdous

  • Authors: Hossain, Md Tahmid , Teng, Shyh , Lu, Guojun , Rahman, Mohammad Arifur , Sohel, Ferdous
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Neurocomputing Vol. 536, no. (2023), p. 164-174
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  • Description: Deep convolutional networks are vulnerable to image translation or shift, partly due to common down-sampling layers, e.g., max-pooling and strided convolution. These operations violate the Nyquist sampling rate and cause aliasing. The textbook solution is low-pass filtering (blurring) before down-sampling, which can benefit deep networks as well. Even so, non-linearity units, such as ReLU, often re-introduce the problem, suggesting that blurring alone may not suffice. In this work, first, we analyse deep features with Fourier transform and show that Depth Adaptive Blurring is more effective, as opposed to monotonic blurring. To this end, we propose a novel Depth Adaptive Blur-pool (DAB-pool) module to replace existing down-sampling methods. Second, we introduce a novel activation function – with a built-in low pass filter, as an additional measure, to keep the problem from reappearing. From experiments, we observe generalisation on other forms of transformations and corruptions as well, e.g., rotation, scale, and noise. We evaluate our method under three challenging settings: (1) a variety of image translations; (2) adversarial attacks – both

Antisocial and prosocial online behaviour : exploring the roles of the dark and light triads

- March, Evita, Marrington, Jessica

Aphasia rehabilitation when speech pathologists and clients do not share the same language: a scoping review

- Larkman, Chelsea, Mellahn, Kathleen, Han, Weifeng, Rose, Miranda

  • Authors: Larkman, Chelsea , Mellahn, Kathleen , Han, Weifeng , Rose, Miranda
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Aphasiology Vol. 37, no. 4 (2023), p. 635-657
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  • Description: Growing cultural and linguistic diversity globally is increasingly requiring speech pathologists to provide effective and equitable aphasia rehabilitation to clients with whom they do not share a language. Little is known about how rehabilitation is being adapted and provided when a language mismatch arises between the therapist and the client. This scoping review aims to systematically map the evidence related to aphasia rehabilitation when the speech pathologist and the client do not share a language. A comprehensive search was conducted in September 2020. Twenty studies comprising surveys and/or interviews and descriptive publications were reviewed. Speech pathologists frequently report a lack of confidence, skill, and preparation to work with culturally and linguistically diverse clients with aphasia. Furthermore, there is a shortage of published evidence, guidelines, resources, and access to interpreters to support their practice. Further research is needed into aphasia rehabilitation when there is no shared language between client and speech pathologist, with particular attention to the therapy approach selected and adaptations required for the target language and culture. Information is needed concerning how the speech pathologist and interpreter work together, as well as the experiences of interpreters and people with aphasia and their families.

Applications of Computed Tomography (CT) in environmental soil and plant sciences

- Zhang, Huan, He, Hailong, Gao, Yanjun, Mady, Ahmed, Filipović, Vilim, Dyck, Miles, Lv, Jialong, Liu, Yang

  • Authors: Zhang, Huan , He, Hailong , Gao, Yanjun , Mady, Ahmed , Filipović, Vilim , Dyck, Miles , Lv, Jialong , Liu, Yang
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Soil and Tillage Research Vol. 226, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Computed tomography (CT) in combination with advanced image processing can be used to non-invasively and non-destructively visualize complex interiors of living and non-living media in 2 and 3-dimensional space. In addition to medical applications, CT has also been widely used in soil and plant science for visual and quantitative descriptions of physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes. The technique has been used successfully on numerous applications. However, with a rapidly evolving CT technologies and expanding applications, a renewed review is desirable. Only a few attempts have been made to collate and review examples of CT applications involving the integrated field of soil and plant research in recent years. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to: (1) briefly introduce the basic principles of CT and image processing; (2) identify the research status and hot spots of CT using bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science literature over the past three decades; (3) provide an overall review of CT applications in soil science for measuring soil properties (e.g., porous soil structure, soil components, soil biology, heat transfer, water flow, and solute transport); and (4) give an overview of applications of CT in plant science to detect morphological structures, plant material properties, and root-soil interaction. Moreover, the limitations of CT and image processing are discussed and future perspectives are given. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.