Impact of domestic travel restrictions on transmission of COVID-19 infection using public transportation network approach
- Murano, Yayoi, Ueno, Ryo, Shi, Shoi, Kawashima, Takayuki, Nguyen, Huy
- Authors: Murano, Yayoi , Ueno, Ryo , Shi, Shoi , Kawashima, Takayuki , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 11, no. 1 (2021), p.
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- Description: The international spread of COVID-19 infection has attracted global attention, but the impact of local or domestic travel restriction on public transportation network remains unclear. Passenger volume data for the domestic public transportation network in Japan and the time at which the first confirmed COVID-19 case was observed in each prefecture were extracted from public data sources. A survival approach in which a hazard was modeled as a function of the closeness centrality on the network was utilized to estimate the risk of importation of COVID-19 in each prefecture. A total of 46 prefectures with imported cases were identified. Hypothetical scenario analyses indicated that both strategies of locking down the metropolitan areas and restricting domestic airline travel would be equally effective in reducing the risk of importation of COVID-19. While caution is necessary that the data were limited to June 2020 when the pandemic was in its initial stage and that no other virus spreading routes have been considered, domestic travel restrictions were effective to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on public transportation network in Japan. Instead of lockdown that might seriously damage the economy, milder travel restrictions could have the similar impact on controlling the domestic transmission of COVID-19. © 2021, The Author(s).
- Authors: Murano, Yayoi , Ueno, Ryo , Shi, Shoi , Kawashima, Takayuki , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 11, no. 1 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
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- Description: The international spread of COVID-19 infection has attracted global attention, but the impact of local or domestic travel restriction on public transportation network remains unclear. Passenger volume data for the domestic public transportation network in Japan and the time at which the first confirmed COVID-19 case was observed in each prefecture were extracted from public data sources. A survival approach in which a hazard was modeled as a function of the closeness centrality on the network was utilized to estimate the risk of importation of COVID-19 in each prefecture. A total of 46 prefectures with imported cases were identified. Hypothetical scenario analyses indicated that both strategies of locking down the metropolitan areas and restricting domestic airline travel would be equally effective in reducing the risk of importation of COVID-19. While caution is necessary that the data were limited to June 2020 when the pandemic was in its initial stage and that no other virus spreading routes have been considered, domestic travel restrictions were effective to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on public transportation network in Japan. Instead of lockdown that might seriously damage the economy, milder travel restrictions could have the similar impact on controlling the domestic transmission of COVID-19. © 2021, The Author(s).
Impact of smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on pulmonary complications post lung cancer surgery
- Jeganathan, Vishnu, Knight, Simon, Bricknell, Matthew, Ridgers, Anna, Wong, Raymond, Brazzale, Danny, Ruehland, Warren, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Leong, Tracy, McDonald, Christine
- Authors: Jeganathan, Vishnu , Knight, Simon , Bricknell, Matthew , Ridgers, Anna , Wong, Raymond , Brazzale, Danny , Ruehland, Warren , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Leong, Tracy , McDonald, Christine
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 17, no. 3 March (2022), p.
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- Description: Introduction Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with an increased risk of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following lung cancer resection. It remains unclear whether smoking cessation reduces this risk. Methods Retrospective review of a large, prospectively collected database of over 1000 consecutive resections for lung cancer in a quaternary lung cancer centre over a 23-year period. Results One thousand and thirteen patients underwent curative-intent lobectomy or pneumonectomy between 1995 and 2018. Three hundred and sixty-two patients (36%) were ex-smokers, 314 (31%) were current smokers and 111 (11%) were never smokers. A pre-operative diagnosis of COPD was present in 57% of current smokers, 57% of ex-smokers and 20% of never smokers. Just over 25% of patients experienced a PPC. PPCs were more frequent in current smokers compared to never smokers (27% vs 17%, p = 0.036), however, no difference was seen between current and ex-smokers (p = 0.412) or between never and ex-smokers (p = 0.113). Those with a diagnosis of COPD, independent of smoking status, had a higher frequency of both PPCs (65% vs 35%, p<0.01) and overall complications (60% vs 40%, p<0.01) as well as a longer length of hospital stay (10 vs 9 days, p<0.01). Conclusion Smoking and COPD are both associated with a higher rate of PPCs post lung cancer resection. COPD, independent of smoking status, is also associated with an increased overall post-operative complication rate and length of hospital stay. An emphasis on COPD treatment optimisation, rather than smoking cessation in isolation, may help improve postoperative outcomes. © 2022 Jeganathan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Authors: Jeganathan, Vishnu , Knight, Simon , Bricknell, Matthew , Ridgers, Anna , Wong, Raymond , Brazzale, Danny , Ruehland, Warren , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Leong, Tracy , McDonald, Christine
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 17, no. 3 March (2022), p.
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- Description: Introduction Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with an increased risk of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following lung cancer resection. It remains unclear whether smoking cessation reduces this risk. Methods Retrospective review of a large, prospectively collected database of over 1000 consecutive resections for lung cancer in a quaternary lung cancer centre over a 23-year period. Results One thousand and thirteen patients underwent curative-intent lobectomy or pneumonectomy between 1995 and 2018. Three hundred and sixty-two patients (36%) were ex-smokers, 314 (31%) were current smokers and 111 (11%) were never smokers. A pre-operative diagnosis of COPD was present in 57% of current smokers, 57% of ex-smokers and 20% of never smokers. Just over 25% of patients experienced a PPC. PPCs were more frequent in current smokers compared to never smokers (27% vs 17%, p = 0.036), however, no difference was seen between current and ex-smokers (p = 0.412) or between never and ex-smokers (p = 0.113). Those with a diagnosis of COPD, independent of smoking status, had a higher frequency of both PPCs (65% vs 35%, p<0.01) and overall complications (60% vs 40%, p<0.01) as well as a longer length of hospital stay (10 vs 9 days, p<0.01). Conclusion Smoking and COPD are both associated with a higher rate of PPCs post lung cancer resection. COPD, independent of smoking status, is also associated with an increased overall post-operative complication rate and length of hospital stay. An emphasis on COPD treatment optimisation, rather than smoking cessation in isolation, may help improve postoperative outcomes. © 2022 Jeganathan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Impact of traditional and embedded image denoising on CNN-based deep learning
- Kaur, Roopdeep, Karmakar, Gour, Imran, Muhammad
- Authors: Kaur, Roopdeep , Karmakar, Gour , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied sciences Vol. 13, no. 20 (2023), p.
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- Description: In digital image processing, filtering noise is an important step for reconstructing a high-quality image for further processing such as object segmentation, object detection, and object recognition. Various image-denoising approaches, including median, Gaussian, and bilateral filters, are available in the literature. Since convolutional neural networks (CNN) are able to directly learn complex patterns and features from data, they have become a popular choice for image-denoising tasks. As a result of their ability to learn and adapt to various denoising scenarios, CNNs are powerful tools for image denoising. Some deep learning techniques such as CNN incorporate denoising strategies directly into the CNN model layers. A primary limitation of these methods is their necessity to resize images to a consistent size. This resizing can result in a loss of vital image details, which might compromise CNN’s effectiveness. Because of this issue, we utilize a traditional denoising method as a preliminary step for noise reduction before applying CNN. To our knowledge, a comparative performance study of CNN using traditional and embedded denoising against a baseline approach (without denoising) is yet to be performed. To analyze the impact of denoising on the CNN performance, in this paper, firstly, we filter the noise from the images using traditional means of denoising method before their use in the CNN model. Secondly, we embed a denoising layer in the CNN model. To validate the performance of image denoising, we performed extensive experiments for both traffic sign and object recognition datasets. To decide whether denoising will be adopted and to decide on the type of filter to be used, we also present an approach exploiting the peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNRs) distribution of images. Both CNN accuracy and PSNRs distribution are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the denoising approaches. As expected, the results vary with the type of filter, impact, and dataset used in both traditional and embedded denoising approaches. However, traditional denoising shows better accuracy, while embedded denoising shows lower computational time for most of the cases. Overall, this comparative study gives insights into whether denoising will be adopted in various CNN-based image analyses, including autonomous driving, animal detection, and facial recognition.
- Authors: Kaur, Roopdeep , Karmakar, Gour , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied sciences Vol. 13, no. 20 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In digital image processing, filtering noise is an important step for reconstructing a high-quality image for further processing such as object segmentation, object detection, and object recognition. Various image-denoising approaches, including median, Gaussian, and bilateral filters, are available in the literature. Since convolutional neural networks (CNN) are able to directly learn complex patterns and features from data, they have become a popular choice for image-denoising tasks. As a result of their ability to learn and adapt to various denoising scenarios, CNNs are powerful tools for image denoising. Some deep learning techniques such as CNN incorporate denoising strategies directly into the CNN model layers. A primary limitation of these methods is their necessity to resize images to a consistent size. This resizing can result in a loss of vital image details, which might compromise CNN’s effectiveness. Because of this issue, we utilize a traditional denoising method as a preliminary step for noise reduction before applying CNN. To our knowledge, a comparative performance study of CNN using traditional and embedded denoising against a baseline approach (without denoising) is yet to be performed. To analyze the impact of denoising on the CNN performance, in this paper, firstly, we filter the noise from the images using traditional means of denoising method before their use in the CNN model. Secondly, we embed a denoising layer in the CNN model. To validate the performance of image denoising, we performed extensive experiments for both traffic sign and object recognition datasets. To decide whether denoising will be adopted and to decide on the type of filter to be used, we also present an approach exploiting the peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNRs) distribution of images. Both CNN accuracy and PSNRs distribution are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the denoising approaches. As expected, the results vary with the type of filter, impact, and dataset used in both traditional and embedded denoising approaches. However, traditional denoising shows better accuracy, while embedded denoising shows lower computational time for most of the cases. Overall, this comparative study gives insights into whether denoising will be adopted in various CNN-based image analyses, including autonomous driving, animal detection, and facial recognition.
Implementation of service systems on the shop-floor level in financial service companies. Empirical evidence from Australia and Germany
- Leyer, Michael, Kronsbein, Daniel, Willis, Richard, Chakraborty, Ayon, Moormann, Jurgen
- Authors: Leyer, Michael , Kronsbein, Daniel , Willis, Richard , Chakraborty, Ayon , Moormann, Jurgen
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Production Research Vol. 54, no. 11 (2016), p. 3229-3242
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- Description: This article presents the practices of Australian and German financial service providers regarding the implementation of shop-floor control within different types of service systems. The results delivered in this article should serve as a guideline for future research to develop and adapt methods for shop-floor control in financial service systems. Interviews with 25 experts from the Australian and German financial services industry reveal novel insights into the practice of shop-floor control, suggesting that methods and concepts from manufacturing are only used to a limited extent for shop-floor control. Shop-floor control is mostly used to react quickly to unexpected deviations due to a low usage of forecasts and information systems. Thus, there seems to be improvement potential in the financial services industry in comparison with in the manufacturing industry in terms of shop-floor control. Further research within the production research area should use the empirical insights to test and adapt existing methods and to develop new ones, taking cultural differences into account. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
- Authors: Leyer, Michael , Kronsbein, Daniel , Willis, Richard , Chakraborty, Ayon , Moormann, Jurgen
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Production Research Vol. 54, no. 11 (2016), p. 3229-3242
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article presents the practices of Australian and German financial service providers regarding the implementation of shop-floor control within different types of service systems. The results delivered in this article should serve as a guideline for future research to develop and adapt methods for shop-floor control in financial service systems. Interviews with 25 experts from the Australian and German financial services industry reveal novel insights into the practice of shop-floor control, suggesting that methods and concepts from manufacturing are only used to a limited extent for shop-floor control. Shop-floor control is mostly used to react quickly to unexpected deviations due to a low usage of forecasts and information systems. Thus, there seems to be improvement potential in the financial services industry in comparison with in the manufacturing industry in terms of shop-floor control. Further research within the production research area should use the empirical insights to test and adapt existing methods and to develop new ones, taking cultural differences into account. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
- Newall, Peter, Lloyd, Lance, Gell, Peter, Walker, Keith
- Authors: Newall, Peter , Lloyd, Lance , Gell, Peter , Walker, Keith
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Marine and Freshwater Research Vol. 67, no. 6 (2016), p. 738-747
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The Riverland Ramsar site in south-eastern Australia has Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) derived on the basis of hydrological regimes and vegetation requirements. This study evaluated LAC for the site against trajectories of environmental change including increasing river regulation and changing climate. The study identified a high likelihood of exceedances of the LAC from changed hydrologic regime and also from changing climate, with the combined influences increasing the likelihood of breaches. Regional climatic variations in the past call into question the concept of baseline conditions for this site and elsewhere, and suggest that management plans based on ecological variation around a point in time will be insufficient. Vulnerability assessment, adaptation enhancement, and regular reviews of site condition and regional significance are suggested components for future management of Ramsar sites. Journal compilation © CSIRO 2016.
Improving soil stability with alum sludge : an ai-enabled approach for accurate prediction of california bearing ratio
- Baghbani, Abolfazl, Nguyen, Minh, Alnedawi, Ali, Milne, Nick, Baumgartl, Thomas, Abuel-Naga, Hossam
- Authors: Baghbani, Abolfazl , Nguyen, Minh , Alnedawi, Ali , Milne, Nick , Baumgartl, Thomas , Abuel-Naga, Hossam
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 8 (2023), p.
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- Description: Alum sludge is a byproduct of water treatment plants, and its use as a soil stabilizer has gained increasing attention due to its economic and environmental benefits. Its application has been shown to improve the strength and stability of soil, making it suitable for various engineering applications. However, to go beyond just measuring the effects of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer, this study investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for predicting the California bearing ratio (CBR) of soils stabilized with alum sludge. Three AI methods, including two black box methods (artificial neural network and support vector machines) and one grey box method (genetic programming), were used to predict CBR, based on a database with nine input parameters. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of AI methods in predicting CBR with good accuracy (R2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 and MAE values ranging from 0.30 to 0.51). Moreover, a novel approach, using genetic programming, produced an equation that accurately estimated CBR, incorporating seven inputs. The analysis of parameter sensitivity and importance, revealed that the number of hammer blows for compaction was the most important parameter, while the parameters for maximum dry density of soil and mixture were the least important. This study highlights the potential of AI methods as a useful tool for predicting the performance of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Baghbani, Abolfazl , Nguyen, Minh , Alnedawi, Ali , Milne, Nick , Baumgartl, Thomas , Abuel-Naga, Hossam
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 8 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Alum sludge is a byproduct of water treatment plants, and its use as a soil stabilizer has gained increasing attention due to its economic and environmental benefits. Its application has been shown to improve the strength and stability of soil, making it suitable for various engineering applications. However, to go beyond just measuring the effects of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer, this study investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for predicting the California bearing ratio (CBR) of soils stabilized with alum sludge. Three AI methods, including two black box methods (artificial neural network and support vector machines) and one grey box method (genetic programming), were used to predict CBR, based on a database with nine input parameters. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of AI methods in predicting CBR with good accuracy (R2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 and MAE values ranging from 0.30 to 0.51). Moreover, a novel approach, using genetic programming, produced an equation that accurately estimated CBR, incorporating seven inputs. The analysis of parameter sensitivity and importance, revealed that the number of hammer blows for compaction was the most important parameter, while the parameters for maximum dry density of soil and mixture were the least important. This study highlights the potential of AI methods as a useful tool for predicting the performance of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. © 2023 by the authors.
In search of academic legitimacy : The current state of scholarship on graffiti and street art
- Ross, Jeffrey, Bengtsen, Peter, Lennon, John, Phillips, Susan, Wilson, Jacqueline
- Authors: Ross, Jeffrey , Bengtsen, Peter , Lennon, John , Phillips, Susan , Wilson, Jacqueline
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Social Science Journal Vol. 54, no. 4 (2017), p. 411-419
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Much has changed since the 1960s when the first scholarship on contemporary graffiti appeared. The current paper is an attempt to outline and contextualize a number of recurrent challenges facing researchers of graffiti and street art, as well as developments that have taken place in this scholarly field. The aim of creating this outline is to assist in increasing the amount, and improving the quality, of future scholarship on graffiti and street art. We recognize, however, that although many of the challenges have at one time seemed insurmountable, over time they have lessened as graffiti and street art have grown as art movements, and because a small cadre of tenacious scholars focusing on graffiti and street art has published and taught in this area. An increasing, though limited, number of academic venues focused on graffiti and street art scholarship has slowly emerged. We also recognize that with increased scholarship that has laid the foundation, new avenues to explore graffiti and street art have become apparent. © 2017 Western Social Science Association
- Eratte, Divya, Dowling, Kim, Barrow, Colin, Adhikari, Benu
- Authors: Eratte, Divya , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Food Chemistry Vol. 227, no. (2017), p. 129-136
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solid co-microcapsules of omega-3 rich tuna oil and probiotic bacteria L. casei were produced using whey protein isolate-gum Arabic complex coacervate as wall material. The in-vitro digestibility of the co-microcapsules and microcapsules was studied in terms of survival of L. casei and release of oil in sequential exposure to simulated salivary, gastric and intestinal fluids. Co-microencapsulation significantly increased the survival and surface hydrophobicity and the ability of L. casei to adhere to the intestinal wall. No significant difference in the assimilative reduction of cholesterol was observed between the microencapsulated and co-microencapsulated L. casei. The pattern of release of oil from the microcapsules and co-microcapsules was similar. However, the content of total chemically intact omega-3 fatty acids was higher in the oil released from co-microcapsules than the oil released from microcapsules. The co-microencapsulation can deliver bacterial cells and omega-3 oil to human intestinal system with less impact on functional properties. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia
- Tiruneh, Bewket, Fooladi, Ensieh, McLelland, Gayle, Plummer, Virginia
- Authors: Tiruneh, Bewket , Fooladi, Ensieh , McLelland, Gayle , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 17, no. 4 (2022), p.
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- Description: Background Of the 1010 reported maternal deaths in 2018, just over 65% occurred in hospitals in Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of standardised data about the contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used; an audit of 1060 maternity care logbooks of adult women post-partum at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The data were abstracted between December 2018 and May 2019 using a systematic random sampling technique. We used the Facility Based Maternal Death Abstraction Form containing sociodemographic characteristics, women’s medical history, and partographs. Primary postpartum haemorrhage was defined as the estimated blood loss recorded by the staff greater or equal to 500 ml for vaginal births and 1000 ml for caesarean section births, or the medical doctor diagnosis and recording of the woman as having primary postpartum haemorrhage. The data analysis was undertaken using Stata version 15. Variables with P 0.10 for significance were selected to run multivariable logistic analyses. Variables that had associations with primary postpartum haemorrhage were identified based on the odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value less than 0.05. Results The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage in the hospitals was 8.8% (95% CI: 7.2, 10.6). Of these, there were 7.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 13.3) maternal deaths. Eight predictor variables were found to be independently associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage, including age 35 years (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.46; P = 0.03), longer than 24 hours duration of labour (AOR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.73, 18.90; P = 0.01), vaginal or cervical lacerations (AOR: 4.95; 95% CI: 2.49, 9.86; P = 0.01), instrumental (forceps or vacuum)-assisted birth (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.25, 6.81; P = 0.01), retained placenta (AOR: 21.83; 95% CI: 6.33, 75.20; P = 0.01), antepartum haemorrhage in recent pregnancy (AOR: 6.90; 95% CI: 3.43, 13. 84; p = 0.01), women in labour referred from primary health centres (AOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.42; P = 0.02), and births managed by medical interns (AOR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.37; P = 0.01). Conclusion We found that while the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage appeared to be lower than in other studies in Africa the associated maternal mortality was higher. Although most factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage were consistent with those identified in the literature, two additional specific factors, were found to be prevalent among women in Ethiopia; the factors were referred women in labour from primary health facilities and births managed by medical interns. Maternal healthcare providers in these hospitals require training on the management of a birthing emergency. © 2022 Tiruneh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Authors: Tiruneh, Bewket , Fooladi, Ensieh , McLelland, Gayle , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 17, no. 4 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background Of the 1010 reported maternal deaths in 2018, just over 65% occurred in hospitals in Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of standardised data about the contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used; an audit of 1060 maternity care logbooks of adult women post-partum at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The data were abstracted between December 2018 and May 2019 using a systematic random sampling technique. We used the Facility Based Maternal Death Abstraction Form containing sociodemographic characteristics, women’s medical history, and partographs. Primary postpartum haemorrhage was defined as the estimated blood loss recorded by the staff greater or equal to 500 ml for vaginal births and 1000 ml for caesarean section births, or the medical doctor diagnosis and recording of the woman as having primary postpartum haemorrhage. The data analysis was undertaken using Stata version 15. Variables with P 0.10 for significance were selected to run multivariable logistic analyses. Variables that had associations with primary postpartum haemorrhage were identified based on the odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value less than 0.05. Results The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage in the hospitals was 8.8% (95% CI: 7.2, 10.6). Of these, there were 7.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 13.3) maternal deaths. Eight predictor variables were found to be independently associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage, including age 35 years (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.46; P = 0.03), longer than 24 hours duration of labour (AOR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.73, 18.90; P = 0.01), vaginal or cervical lacerations (AOR: 4.95; 95% CI: 2.49, 9.86; P = 0.01), instrumental (forceps or vacuum)-assisted birth (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.25, 6.81; P = 0.01), retained placenta (AOR: 21.83; 95% CI: 6.33, 75.20; P = 0.01), antepartum haemorrhage in recent pregnancy (AOR: 6.90; 95% CI: 3.43, 13. 84; p = 0.01), women in labour referred from primary health centres (AOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.42; P = 0.02), and births managed by medical interns (AOR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.37; P = 0.01). Conclusion We found that while the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage appeared to be lower than in other studies in Africa the associated maternal mortality was higher. Although most factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage were consistent with those identified in the literature, two additional specific factors, were found to be prevalent among women in Ethiopia; the factors were referred women in labour from primary health facilities and births managed by medical interns. Maternal healthcare providers in these hospitals require training on the management of a birthing emergency. © 2022 Tiruneh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Indoor emission sources detection by pollutants interaction analysis
- Pang, Shaoning, Song, Lei, Sarrafzadeh, Abdolhossein, Coulson, Guy, Longley, Ian, Olivares, Gustavo
- Authors: Pang, Shaoning , Song, Lei , Sarrafzadeh, Abdolhossein , Coulson, Guy , Longley, Ian , Olivares, Gustavo
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 16 (2021), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: This study employs the correlation coefficients technique to support emission sources detection for indoor environments. Unlike existing methods analyzing merely primary pollution, we consider alternatively the secondary pollution (i.e., chemical reactions between pollutants in addition to pollutant level), and calculate intra pollutants correlation coefficients for characterizing and distinguishing emission events. Extensive experiments show that seven major indoor emission sources are identified by the proposed method, including (1) frying canola oil on electric hob, (2) frying olive oil on an electric hob, (3) frying olive oil on a gas hob, (4) spray of household pesticide, (5) lighting a cigarette and allowing it to smoulder, (6) no activities, and (7) venting session. Furthermore, our method improves the detection accuracy by a support vector machine compared to without data filtering and applying typical feature extraction methods such as PCA and LDA. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Pang, Shaoning , Song, Lei , Sarrafzadeh, Abdolhossein , Coulson, Guy , Longley, Ian , Olivares, Gustavo
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 16 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study employs the correlation coefficients technique to support emission sources detection for indoor environments. Unlike existing methods analyzing merely primary pollution, we consider alternatively the secondary pollution (i.e., chemical reactions between pollutants in addition to pollutant level), and calculate intra pollutants correlation coefficients for characterizing and distinguishing emission events. Extensive experiments show that seven major indoor emission sources are identified by the proposed method, including (1) frying canola oil on electric hob, (2) frying olive oil on an electric hob, (3) frying olive oil on a gas hob, (4) spray of household pesticide, (5) lighting a cigarette and allowing it to smoulder, (6) no activities, and (7) venting session. Furthermore, our method improves the detection accuracy by a support vector machine compared to without data filtering and applying typical feature extraction methods such as PCA and LDA. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Eklund, Erik, Holm, Antoinette, Reeves, Keir
- Authors: Eklund, Erik , Holm, Antoinette , Reeves, Keir
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Australian Studies Vol. 45, no. 4 (2021), p. 524-542
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article considers the comparative standing of industrial heritage in two distinctive Australian regional contexts. With a focus on the agents and actors in the heritage-making process, we outline the development of a case for heritage in the mining town of Broken Hill in far western New South Wales, which gained momentum soon after the local mines began a steady decline in the early 1970s. Broken Hill has, to some extent, adapted its mining and labour heritage to form a viable element of the town’s current identity and economic base, especially by seeing those individual sites as part of a heritage landscape. We also consider industrial heritage in the Latrobe Valley in Victoria, a brown coal mining and electricity-generation hub where industrial and mining employment has declined much more recently. Reflecting on these changing political policies and industry privatisation in the early 1990s, we examine the impact on industrial heritage in a region typified by mining and power generation. © 2021 International Australian Studies Association.
- Reeves, Jessica, Gell, Peter, Reichman, Suzie, Trewarn, Adam, Zawadzki, Atun
- Authors: Reeves, Jessica , Gell, Peter , Reichman, Suzie , Trewarn, Adam , Zawadzki, Atun
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Marine and Freshwater Research Vol. 67, no. 6 (2016), p. 837-849
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Around the globe, heavy industry has often been associated with estuaries, which provide water for operations, waste disposal and navigation. Many of these practices leave a legacy of contamination, which accumulate in the estuaries, which act as sediment sinks. Heavy metal contaminants may remain buried, even after the industrial practices are ceased. The Connewarre Complex is a series of wetlands, within the Port Philip and Bellarine Ramsar site. Through a unique combination of techniques, including diatom assemblages, biogeochemistry (δ13C, δ15N, C/N) and heavy metal content, the major anthropogenic influences over the last 170 years and the biotic response has been determined. Key features that can be elucidated include regulation of the waterways, establishment of heavy industry and major shifts in climatic conditions. In combination, these drivers have acted to rapidly shift the condition of the wetland from early in settlement such that the perceived 'natural ecological character' is actually an artificial one. The legacy of contamination is common to many Ramsar-listed wetlands. The lesson from this site is that, when making plans to manage the ecological condition of a wetland, past use needs to be considered to ensure that well meaning interventions do not exacerbate risk of mobilising contaminants best left undisturbed. Journal compilation © CSIRO 2016.
Influence of fasting during moult on the faecal microbiota of penguins
- Dewar, Meagan, Arnould, John, Krause, Lutz, Trathan, Phil, Dann, Peter, Smith, Stuart
- Authors: Dewar, Meagan , Arnould, John , Krause, Lutz , Trathan, Phil , Dann, Peter , Smith, Stuart
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 9, no. 6 (2014), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Many seabirds including penguins are adapted to long periods of fasting, particularly during parts of the reproductive cycle and during moult. However, the influence of fasting on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has not been investigated in seabirds. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the microbial composition and diversity of the GI microbiota of fasting little (Eudyptula minor) and king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) penguins during early and late moult. The results from this study indicated that there was little change in the abundance of the major phyla during moult, except for a significant increase in the level of Proteobacteria in king penguins. In king penguins the abundance of Fusobacteria increases from 1.73% during early moult to 33.6% by late moult, whilst the abundance of Proteobacteria (35.7% to 17.2%) and Bacteroidetes (19.5% to 11%) decrease from early to late moult. In little penguins, a decrease in the abundances of Firmicutes (44% to 29%) and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes (11% to 20%) were observed from early to late moult respectively. The results from this study indicate that the microbial composition of both king and little penguins alters during fasting. However, it appears that the microbial composition of king penguins is more affected by fasting than little penguins with the length of fast the most probable cause for this difference.
- Authors: Dewar, Meagan , Arnould, John , Krause, Lutz , Trathan, Phil , Dann, Peter , Smith, Stuart
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 9, no. 6 (2014), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Many seabirds including penguins are adapted to long periods of fasting, particularly during parts of the reproductive cycle and during moult. However, the influence of fasting on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has not been investigated in seabirds. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the microbial composition and diversity of the GI microbiota of fasting little (Eudyptula minor) and king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) penguins during early and late moult. The results from this study indicated that there was little change in the abundance of the major phyla during moult, except for a significant increase in the level of Proteobacteria in king penguins. In king penguins the abundance of Fusobacteria increases from 1.73% during early moult to 33.6% by late moult, whilst the abundance of Proteobacteria (35.7% to 17.2%) and Bacteroidetes (19.5% to 11%) decrease from early to late moult. In little penguins, a decrease in the abundances of Firmicutes (44% to 29%) and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes (11% to 20%) were observed from early to late moult respectively. The results from this study indicate that the microbial composition of both king and little penguins alters during fasting. However, it appears that the microbial composition of king penguins is more affected by fasting than little penguins with the length of fast the most probable cause for this difference.
- Krishnakumar, Sujatha, Gaudana, Sandeep, Digmurti, Madhuri, Viswanathan, Ganesh, Chetty, Madhu, Wangikar, Pramod
- Authors: Krishnakumar, Sujatha , Gaudana, Sandeep , Digmurti, Madhuri , Viswanathan, Ganesh , Chetty, Madhu , Wangikar, Pramod
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bioresource Technology Vol. 188, no. (2015), p. 145-152
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study investigates the influence of mixotrophy on physiology and metabolism by analysis of global gene expression in unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 ( henceforth Cyanothece 51142). It was found that Cyanothece 51142 continues to oscillate between photosynthesis and respiration in continuous light under mixotrophy with cycle time of similar to 13 h. Mixotrophy is marked by an extended respiratory phase compared with photoautotrophy. It can be argued that glycerol provides supplementary energy for nitrogen fixation, which is derived primarily from the glycogen reserves during photoautotrophy. The genes of NDH complex, cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase are significantly overexpressed in mixotrophy during the day compared to autotrophy with synchronous expression of the bidirectional hydrogenase genes possibly to maintain redox balance. However, nitrogenase complex remains exclusive to nighttime metabolism concomitantly with uptake hydrogenase. This study throws light on interrelations between metabolic pathways with implications in design of hydrogen producer strains. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Florentine, Singarayer, Weller, Sandra, Graz, Patrick, Westbrooke, Martin, Florentine, Arunthathy, Javaid, Muhammad, Fernando, Nimesha, Chauhan, Bhagirath, Dowling, Kim
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Weller, Sandra , Graz, Patrick , Westbrooke, Martin , Florentine, Arunthathy , Javaid, Muhammad , Fernando, Nimesha , Chauhan, Bhagirath , Dowling, Kim
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Rangeland Journal Vol. 38, no. 4 (2016), p. 417-425
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Tobacco bush (Nicotiana glauca R. Graham) is an aggressive invading species, which is active after disturbances such as high rainfall events and flooding. Past studies have focussed on population dynamics and allelopathic effects associated with the species, but little is known about its seed ecology. To address this dearth of information, this study aimed to investigate: (i) the effect of various stress factors (temperature, light, osmotic potential, salt stress, heat-shock, a combination of heat-shock and smoke, pH buffer, and burial depth of seed) on seed germination and seedling emergence, and (ii) factors affecting the fate of seedlings. The results show that N. glauca was able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures with highest seed germination occurring at 30/20°C with 12h of light and 12h of dark conditions. Seed germination was greatest (89%) when seeds were placed on the soil surface and emergence decreased considerably as planting depth increased from 0.5 to 1.5cm. Water stress greatly reduced seed germination (58% germination at osmotic potentials below -0.2 MPa) and germination was completely inhibited at water potentials of -0.4 to -0.6 MPa. Although increasing salinity reduced the seed germination of this invasive species, N. glauca seed was able to germinate in both alkaline (81% at pH 10) and acidic (80% at pH 4) conditions. The trial on the effect of seed age and field seed burial on seed germination showed a slight decline in seed germination after 120 days of burial compared with non-buried seeds. Further, the combined effect of heat-shock and smoke effectively inhibited the germination of N. glauca seeds; however, our study shows that seedlings of N. glauca can withstand heat-shock of up to 130°C. Studies such as this will assist in the development of control strategies to prevent the spread of this invasive species into arid landscapes. © 2016 Australian Rangeland Society.
Influence of soil moisture regimes on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and reproductive capabilities of the invasive agronomic weed; Lactuca serriola
- Chadha, Aakansha, Florentine, Singarayer, Chauhan, Bhagirath, Long, Benjamin, Jayasundera, Mithila
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer , Chauhan, Bhagirath , Long, Benjamin , Jayasundera, Mithila
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 14, no. 6 (2019), p. 1-17
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Global temperatures are predicted to increase by 1.5–5.9C during this century, and this change is likely to impact average rainfall, with predictions that water deficit will perhaps be the most severe threat to sustainable agriculture. In this respect, invasive weeds, which have traits better adapted to drought stress than crops, add to concerns regarding crop sustainability. Lactuca serriola, an aggressive agronomic weed is thought to be a successful weed because of its ability to maintain high water use efficiency under drought conditions. In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the influence of different soil moisture regimes (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% water holding capacity (WHC)) on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and reproduction of this species. Soil moisture significantly affected plant’s height, stem diameter, number of leaves and biomass. The highest plant height (115.14 cm ± 11.64), shoot diameter (9.4 mm ± 0.18), leaf area (1206.5 mm2 ± 73.29), plant fresh weight (83.1 ± 3.98) and dry weight (22.38 ± 1.24) were recorded at 75% soil moisture content. A fundamental adaptation to drought was observed as plants in the 25% WHC treatment had the highest root: shoot ratio. Soluble sugars and total phenolic content were highest in the 25% WHC treatment and significantly different to 100% WHC which was a response to soil moisture stress to ameliorate the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species produced under stress conditions. Results also indicate that L. serriola can survive and produce seeds under water stress as more than 6000 seeds were produced per plant in all WHC treatments. In this study, there was no significant difference in the seed weight, number of seeds produced and their germination ability. This can have a huge impact on agricultural systems as the species can survive both under low and high soil moisture conditions. We therefore suggest that the demonstrated ability of L. serriola to complete its life cycle and produce biomass and seeds under water stressed conditions leads to the introduction of strategies that minimize weed survival while maximizing irrigation efficiency for the crop. A clear understanding of the ecological and biological characteristics of this weed will help land managers take appropriate control measures to mitigate the effect of this species on economic crop productivity.
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer , Chauhan, Bhagirath , Long, Benjamin , Jayasundera, Mithila
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 14, no. 6 (2019), p. 1-17
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Global temperatures are predicted to increase by 1.5–5.9C during this century, and this change is likely to impact average rainfall, with predictions that water deficit will perhaps be the most severe threat to sustainable agriculture. In this respect, invasive weeds, which have traits better adapted to drought stress than crops, add to concerns regarding crop sustainability. Lactuca serriola, an aggressive agronomic weed is thought to be a successful weed because of its ability to maintain high water use efficiency under drought conditions. In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the influence of different soil moisture regimes (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% water holding capacity (WHC)) on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and reproduction of this species. Soil moisture significantly affected plant’s height, stem diameter, number of leaves and biomass. The highest plant height (115.14 cm ± 11.64), shoot diameter (9.4 mm ± 0.18), leaf area (1206.5 mm2 ± 73.29), plant fresh weight (83.1 ± 3.98) and dry weight (22.38 ± 1.24) were recorded at 75% soil moisture content. A fundamental adaptation to drought was observed as plants in the 25% WHC treatment had the highest root: shoot ratio. Soluble sugars and total phenolic content were highest in the 25% WHC treatment and significantly different to 100% WHC which was a response to soil moisture stress to ameliorate the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species produced under stress conditions. Results also indicate that L. serriola can survive and produce seeds under water stress as more than 6000 seeds were produced per plant in all WHC treatments. In this study, there was no significant difference in the seed weight, number of seeds produced and their germination ability. This can have a huge impact on agricultural systems as the species can survive both under low and high soil moisture conditions. We therefore suggest that the demonstrated ability of L. serriola to complete its life cycle and produce biomass and seeds under water stressed conditions leads to the introduction of strategies that minimize weed survival while maximizing irrigation efficiency for the crop. A clear understanding of the ecological and biological characteristics of this weed will help land managers take appropriate control measures to mitigate the effect of this species on economic crop productivity.
Influenza A virus causes maternal and fetal pathology via innate and adaptive vascular inflammation in mice
- Liong, Stella, Oseghale, Osezua, To, Eunice, Brassington, Kurt, Erlich, Jonathan, Luong, Raymond, Liong, Felicia, Brooks, Robert, Martin, Cara, O'Toole, Sharon, Vinh, Antony, O'Neill, Luke, Bozinovski, Steven, Vlahos, Ross, Papagianis, Paris, O'Leary, John, Brooks, Doug, Selemidis, Stavros
- Authors: Liong, Stella , Oseghale, Osezua , To, Eunice , Brassington, Kurt , Erlich, Jonathan , Luong, Raymond , Liong, Felicia , Brooks, Robert , Martin, Cara , O'Toole, Sharon , Vinh, Antony , O'Neill, Luke , Bozinovski, Steven , Vlahos, Ross , Papagianis, Paris , O'Leary, John , Brooks, Doug , Selemidis, Stavros
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 117, no. 40 (2020), p. 24964-24973
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy causes severe maternal and perinatal complications, despite a lack of vertical transmission of IAV across the placenta. Here, we demonstrate a significant alteration in the maternal vascular landscape that underpins the maternal and downstream fetal pathology to IAV infection in mice. In IAV infection of nonpregnant mice, the local lung inflammatory response was contained to the lungs and was self-resolving, whereas in pregnant mice, virus dissemination to major maternal blood vessels, including the aorta, resulted in a peripheral "vascular storm," with elevated proinflammatory and antiviral mediators and the influx of Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh monocytes, plus neutrophils and T cells. This vascular storm was associated with elevated levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM and the pattern-recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in the vascular wall, resulting in profound vascular dysfunction. The sequalae of this IAV-driven vascular storm included placental growth retardation and intrauterine growth restriction, evidence of placental and fetal brain hypoxia, and increased circulating cell free fetal DNA and soluble Flt1. In contrast, IAV infection in nonpregnant mice caused no obvious alterations in endothelial function or vascular inflammation. Therefore, IAV infection during pregnancy drives a significant systemic vascular alteration in pregnant dams, which likely suppresses critical blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This study in mice provides a fundamental mechanistic insight and a paradigm into how an immune response to a respiratory virus, such as IAV, is likely to specifically drive maternal and fetal pathologies during pregnancy. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Liong, Stella , Oseghale, Osezua , To, Eunice , Brassington, Kurt , Erlich, Jonathan , Luong, Raymond , Liong, Felicia , Brooks, Robert , Martin, Cara , O'Toole, Sharon , Vinh, Antony , O'Neill, Luke , Bozinovski, Steven , Vlahos, Ross , Papagianis, Paris , O'Leary, John , Brooks, Doug , Selemidis, Stavros
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 117, no. 40 (2020), p. 24964-24973
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy causes severe maternal and perinatal complications, despite a lack of vertical transmission of IAV across the placenta. Here, we demonstrate a significant alteration in the maternal vascular landscape that underpins the maternal and downstream fetal pathology to IAV infection in mice. In IAV infection of nonpregnant mice, the local lung inflammatory response was contained to the lungs and was self-resolving, whereas in pregnant mice, virus dissemination to major maternal blood vessels, including the aorta, resulted in a peripheral "vascular storm," with elevated proinflammatory and antiviral mediators and the influx of Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh monocytes, plus neutrophils and T cells. This vascular storm was associated with elevated levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM and the pattern-recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in the vascular wall, resulting in profound vascular dysfunction. The sequalae of this IAV-driven vascular storm included placental growth retardation and intrauterine growth restriction, evidence of placental and fetal brain hypoxia, and increased circulating cell free fetal DNA and soluble Flt1. In contrast, IAV infection in nonpregnant mice caused no obvious alterations in endothelial function or vascular inflammation. Therefore, IAV infection during pregnancy drives a significant systemic vascular alteration in pregnant dams, which likely suppresses critical blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This study in mice provides a fundamental mechanistic insight and a paradigm into how an immune response to a respiratory virus, such as IAV, is likely to specifically drive maternal and fetal pathologies during pregnancy. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Informal healthcare sector and marginalized groups: Repeat visits in rural North India
- Authors: Iles, Richard
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS One Vol. 13, no. 7 (2018), p. e0199380-e0199380
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The interrelationship between the public and private sectors, and formal and informal healthcare sectors effects market-level service quality, pricing behaviour and referral networks. However, health utilisation analysis of national survey data from many low and middle income countries is constrained by the lack of disaggregated health provider data. This study is concerned with the pattern of repeat outpatient consultations for a single episode of fever from public and private qualified providers and private unqualified providers. Cross-sectional survey data from 1173 adult respondents sampled from three districts within India's most populous state-Uttar Pradesh is analysed. Data was collected during the monsoon season-September to October-in 2012. Regression analysis focuses on the pattern of repeats visits for a single episode of mild-sever fever as the dependent variable. Results show that Women and Muslims in rural north India are more likely to not access healthcare, and if they do, consult with low quality unqualified outpatient healthcare providers. For fever durations of four or more days, men are more likely to access unqualified providers compared to women. Results of the current study supports the literature that women's utilisation of outpatient healthcare for communicable illnesses in LMICs is often less than men. A relative lack of access to household resources explains why fever duration parameter estimates for women and men differ.
Integration of palaeo-and-modern food webs reveal slow changes in a river floodplain wetland ecosystem
- Kattel, Giri, Eyre, Bradley, Gell, Peter
- Authors: Kattel, Giri , Eyre, Bradley , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 10, no. 1 (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Large rivers, including the Murray River system in southeast Australia, are disturbed by many activities. The arrival of European settlers to Australia by the mid-1800s transformed many floodplain wetlands of the lower Murray River system. River impoundment and flow regulation in the late 1800s and, from the 1930s, resulted in species invasion, and elevated nutrient concentrations causing widespread eutrophication. An integrated palaeoecology, and palaeo-and-modern food web approach, incorporating mixing models, was undertaken to reveal changes in a regulated wetland (i.e. Kings Billabong). The lack of preserved sediment suggests the wetland was naturally intermittent before 1890. After this time, when used as a water retention basin, the wetland experienced net sediment accumulation. Subfossil cladocerans, and δ13C of Daphnia, chironomid, and bulk sediment, all reflected an early productive, likely clear water state and shifts in trophic state following river regulation in the 1930s. Food web mixing models, based on δ13C and δ15N in subfossil and modern Daphnia, fish, and submerged and emergent macrophytes, also indicated a shift in the trophic relationships between fish and Daphnia. By the 1970s, a new state was established but a further significant alteration of nitrogen and carbon sources, and trophic interactions, continued through to the early 2000s. A possible switch from Daphnia as a prey of Australian Smelt could have modified the food web of the wetland by c. 2006. The timing of this change corresponded to the expansion of emergent macrophytes possibly due to landscape level disruptions. The evidence of these changes suggests a need for a broader understanding of the evolution of wetlands for the management of floodplains in the region. © 2020, The Author(s).
- Description: Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research, #2016YFC0402900 Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research, #2016YFE0201900 Funding details: Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Research Council, ARC;ACES, DP160100248 Funding details: Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Research Council, ARC;ACES, LE0668495
- Authors: Kattel, Giri , Eyre, Bradley , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 10, no. 1 (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Large rivers, including the Murray River system in southeast Australia, are disturbed by many activities. The arrival of European settlers to Australia by the mid-1800s transformed many floodplain wetlands of the lower Murray River system. River impoundment and flow regulation in the late 1800s and, from the 1930s, resulted in species invasion, and elevated nutrient concentrations causing widespread eutrophication. An integrated palaeoecology, and palaeo-and-modern food web approach, incorporating mixing models, was undertaken to reveal changes in a regulated wetland (i.e. Kings Billabong). The lack of preserved sediment suggests the wetland was naturally intermittent before 1890. After this time, when used as a water retention basin, the wetland experienced net sediment accumulation. Subfossil cladocerans, and δ13C of Daphnia, chironomid, and bulk sediment, all reflected an early productive, likely clear water state and shifts in trophic state following river regulation in the 1930s. Food web mixing models, based on δ13C and δ15N in subfossil and modern Daphnia, fish, and submerged and emergent macrophytes, also indicated a shift in the trophic relationships between fish and Daphnia. By the 1970s, a new state was established but a further significant alteration of nitrogen and carbon sources, and trophic interactions, continued through to the early 2000s. A possible switch from Daphnia as a prey of Australian Smelt could have modified the food web of the wetland by c. 2006. The timing of this change corresponded to the expansion of emergent macrophytes possibly due to landscape level disruptions. The evidence of these changes suggests a need for a broader understanding of the evolution of wetlands for the management of floodplains in the region. © 2020, The Author(s).
- Description: Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research, #2016YFC0402900 Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research, #2016YFE0201900 Funding details: Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Research Council, ARC;ACES, DP160100248 Funding details: Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Research Council, ARC;ACES, LE0668495
Inter-relationships between ADHD, ODD and impulsivity dimensions in emerging adults revealed by network analysis: extending the ‘trait impulsivity hypothesis’
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Watson, Shaun, Brown, Taylor, Chen, Wai
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor , Chen, Wai
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Heliyon Vol. 8, no. 10 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the inter-relationships of dimensions within ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and ODD (anger/irritable, vindictiveness, and argumentative/defiant behavior) with components of impulsivity as captured by the UPPS-P model (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). Method: A total of 324 emerging adults (women = 246) from the general community completed questionnaires covering these dimensions. Results: Our findings showed that the ADHD and ODD dimensions were associated differentially with different types of impulsivity, in their unique patterns of network connectivities, a possibility that has had little attention in the trait-impulsivity hypothesis literature. Conclusions: This study is the first to tease out the unique associations of the ADHD and ODD dimensions with different types of impulsivity, and in that way provide new contributions to our understanding of the existing trait impulsivity theory. Our findings would be especially relevant to those interested in understanding how different dimensions of trait impulsivity underly the ADHD and ODD dimensions. © 2022 The Authors
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor , Chen, Wai
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Heliyon Vol. 8, no. 10 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the inter-relationships of dimensions within ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and ODD (anger/irritable, vindictiveness, and argumentative/defiant behavior) with components of impulsivity as captured by the UPPS-P model (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). Method: A total of 324 emerging adults (women = 246) from the general community completed questionnaires covering these dimensions. Results: Our findings showed that the ADHD and ODD dimensions were associated differentially with different types of impulsivity, in their unique patterns of network connectivities, a possibility that has had little attention in the trait-impulsivity hypothesis literature. Conclusions: This study is the first to tease out the unique associations of the ADHD and ODD dimensions with different types of impulsivity, and in that way provide new contributions to our understanding of the existing trait impulsivity theory. Our findings would be especially relevant to those interested in understanding how different dimensions of trait impulsivity underly the ADHD and ODD dimensions. © 2022 The Authors