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The article continues the study of the ‘regular’ arrangement of a collection of sets near a point in their intersection. Such regular intersection or, in other words, transversality properties are crucial for the validity of qualification conditions in optimization as well as subdifferential, normal cone and coderivative calculus, and convergence analysis of computational algorithms. One of the main motivations for the development of the transversality theory of collections of sets comes from the convergence analysis of alternating projections for solving feasibility problems. This article targets infinite dimensional extensions of the intrinsic transversality property introduced recently by Drusvyatskiy, Ioffe and Lewis as a sufficient condition for local linear convergence of alternating projections. Several characterizations of this property are established involving new limiting objects defined for pairs of sets. Special attention is given to the convex case.
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The article continues the study of the ‘regular’ arrangement of a collection of sets near a point in their intersection. Such regular intersection or, in other words, transversality properties are crucial for the validity of qualification conditions in optimization as well as subdifferential, normal cone and coderivative calculus, and convergence analysis of computational algorithms. One of the main motivations for the development of the transversality theory of collections of sets comes from the convergence analysis of alternating projections for solving feasibility problems. This article targets infinite dimensional extensions of the intrinsic transversality property introduced recently by Drusvyatskiy, Ioffe and Lewis as a sufficient condition for local linear convergence of alternating projections. Several characterizations of this property are established involving new limiting objects defined for pairs of sets. Special attention is given to the convex case.
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For a Tychonoff space X, let V(X) be the free topological vector space over X. Denote by I, G, Q and Sk the closed unit interval, the Cantor space, the Hilbert cube Q=IN and the k-dimensional unit sphere for k
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This paper revisits the well-studied fixed point problem from a unified viewpoint of mathematical modeling and canonical duality theory, i.e., the general fixed point problem is first reformulated as a nonconvex optimization problem, its well-posedness is discussed based on the objectivity principle in continuum physics; then the canonical duality theory is applied for solving this challenging problem to obtain not only all fixed points, but also their stability properties. Applications are illustrated by problems governed by nonconvex polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic operators. This paper shows that within the framework of the canonical duality theory, there is no difference between the fixed point problems and nonconvex analysis/optimization in multidisciplinary studies.
Description:
This paper revisits the well-studied fixed point problem from a unified viewpoint of mathematical modeling and canonical duality theory, i.e., the general fixed point problem is first reformulated as a nonconvex optimization problem, its well-posedness is discussed based on the objectivity principle in continuum physics; then the canonical duality theory is applied for solving this challenging problem to obtain not only all fixed points, but also their stability properties. Applications are illustrated by problems governed by nonconvex polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic operators. This paper shows that within the framework of the canonical duality theory, there is no difference between the fixed point problems and nonconvex analysis/optimization in multidisciplinary studies.
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This paper presents a new methodology and algorithm for solving post buckling problems of a large deformed elastic beam. The total potential energy of this beam is a nonconvex functional, which can be used to model both pre- and post-buckling phenomena. By using a canonical dual finite element method, a new primal-dual semi-definite programming (PD-SDP) algorithm is presented, which can be used to obtain all possible post-buckled solutions. Applications are illustrated by several numerical examples with different boundary conditions. We find that the global minimum solution of the nonconvex potential leads to a stable configuration of the buckled beam, the local maximum solution leads to the unbuckled state, and both of these two solutions are numerically stable. However, the local minimum solution leads to an unstable buckled state, which is very sensitive to axial compressive forces, thickness of beam, numerical precision, and the size of finite elements. The method and algorithm proposed in this paper can be used for solving general nonconvex variational problems in engineering and sciences.
Description:
This paper presents a new methodology and algorithm for solving post buckling problems of a large deformed elastic beam. The total potential energy of this beam is a nonconvex functional, which can be used to model both pre- and post-buckling phenomena. By using a canonical dual finite element method, a new primal-dual semi-definite programming (PD-SDP) algorithm is presented, which can be used to obtain all possible post-buckled solutions. Applications are illustrated by several numerical examples with different boundary conditions. We find that the global minimum solution of the nonconvex potential leads to a stable configuration of the buckled beam, the local maximum solution leads to the unbuckled state, and both of these two solutions are numerically stable. However, the local minimum solution leads to an unstable buckled state, which is very sensitive to axial compressive forces, thickness of beam, numerical precision, and the size of finite elements. The method and algorithm proposed in this paper can be used for solving general nonconvex variational problems in engineering and sciences.
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We define the excess degree \xi (P) of a d-polytope P as 2f1 - df0, where f0 and f1 denote the number of vertices and edges, respectively. This parameter measures how much P deviates from being simple. It turns out that the excess degree of a d-polytope does not take every natural number: the smallest possible values are 0 and d - 2, and the value d - 1 only occurs when d = 3 or 5. On the other hand, for fixed d, the number of values not taken by the excess degree is finite if d is odd, and the number of even values not taken by the excess degree is finite if d is even. The excess degree is then applied in three different settings. First, it is used to show that polytopes with small excess (i.e., \xi (P) < d) have a very particular structure: provided d ot = 5, either there is a unique nonsimple vertex, or every nonsimple vertex has degree d + 1. This implies that such polytopes behave in a similar manner to simple polytopes in terms of Minkowski decomposability: they are either decomposable or pyramidal, and their duals are always indecomposable. Second, we characterize completely the decomposable d-polytopes with 2d + 1 vertices (up to combinatorial equivalence). Third, all pairs (f0, f1), for which there exists a 5-polytope with f0 vertices and f1 edges, are determined.
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We define the excess degree \xi (P) of a d-polytope P as 2f1 - df0, where f0 and f1 denote the number of vertices and edges, respectively. This parameter measures how much P deviates from being simple. It turns out that the excess degree of a d-polytope does not take every natural number: the smallest possible values are 0 and d - 2, and the value d - 1 only occurs when d = 3 or 5. On the other hand, for fixed d, the number of values not taken by the excess degree is finite if d is odd, and the number of even values not taken by the excess degree is finite if d is even. The excess degree is then applied in three different settings. First, it is used to show that polytopes with small excess (i.e., \xi (P) < d) have a very particular structure: provided d ot = 5, either there is a unique nonsimple vertex, or every nonsimple vertex has degree d + 1. This implies that such polytopes behave in a similar manner to simple polytopes in terms of Minkowski decomposability: they are either decomposable or pyramidal, and their duals are always indecomposable. Second, we characterize completely the decomposable d-polytopes with 2d + 1 vertices (up to combinatorial equivalence). Third, all pairs (f0, f1), for which there exists a 5-polytope with f0 vertices and f1 edges, are determined.
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We generalize and improve the original characterization given by Valadier [19, Theorem 1] of the subdifferential of the pointwise supremum of convex functions, involving the subdifferentials of the data functions at nearby points. We remove the continuity assumption made in that work and obtain a general formula for such a subdifferential. In particular, when the supremum is continuous at some point of its domain, but not necessarily at the reference point, we get a simpler version which gives rise to the Valadier formula. Our starting result is the characterization given in [11, Theorem 4], which uses the e-subdifferential at the reference point.
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We generalize and improve the original characterization given by Valadier [19, Theorem 1] of the subdifferential of the pointwise supremum of convex functions, involving the subdifferentials of the data functions at nearby points. We remove the continuity assumption made in that work and obtain a general formula for such a subdifferential. In particular, when the supremum is continuous at some point of its domain, but not necessarily at the reference point, we get a simpler version which gives rise to the Valadier formula. Our starting result is the characterization given in [11, Theorem 4], which uses the e-subdifferential at the reference point.
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We provide dual sufficient conditions for subtransversality of collections of sets in an Asplund space setting. For the convex case, we formulate a necessary and sufficient dual criterion of subtransversality in general Banach spaces. Our more general results suggest an intermediate notion of subtransversality, what we call weak intrinsic subtransversality, which lies between intrinsic transversality and subtransversality in Asplund spaces.
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We provide dual sufficient conditions for subtransversality of collections of sets in an Asplund space setting. For the convex case, we formulate a necessary and sufficient dual criterion of subtransversality in general Banach spaces. Our more general results suggest an intermediate notion of subtransversality, what we call weak intrinsic subtransversality, which lies between intrinsic transversality and subtransversality in Asplund spaces.
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We give a complete characterization of subgroups of separable topological groups. Then we show that the following conditions are equivalent for an omega-narrow topological group G: (i) G is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable regular space; (ii) G is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of a separable topological group; (iii) G is topologically isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a separable path-connected, locally path-connected topological group. A pro-Lie group is a projective limit of finite-dimensional Lie groups. We prove here that an almost connected pro-Lie group is separable if and only if its weight is not greater than the cardinality c of the continuum. It is deduced from this that an almost connected pro-Lie group is separable if and only if it is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable Hausdorff space. It is also proved that a locally compact (even feathered) topological group G which is a subgroup of a separable Hausdorff topological group is separable, but the conclusion is false if it is assumed only that G is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable Tychonoff space. We show that every precompact (abelian) topological group of weight less than or equal to c is topologically isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a separable pseudocompact (abelian) group of weight c. This result implies that there is a wealth of closed non-separable subgroups of separable pseudocompact groups. An example is also presented under the Continuum Hypothesis of a separable countably compact abelian group which contains a non-separable closed subgroup.
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We give a complete characterization of subgroups of separable topological groups. Then we show that the following conditions are equivalent for an omega-narrow topological group G: (i) G is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable regular space; (ii) G is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of a separable topological group; (iii) G is topologically isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a separable path-connected, locally path-connected topological group. A pro-Lie group is a projective limit of finite-dimensional Lie groups. We prove here that an almost connected pro-Lie group is separable if and only if its weight is not greater than the cardinality c of the continuum. It is deduced from this that an almost connected pro-Lie group is separable if and only if it is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable Hausdorff space. It is also proved that a locally compact (even feathered) topological group G which is a subgroup of a separable Hausdorff topological group is separable, but the conclusion is false if it is assumed only that G is homeomorphic to a subspace of a separable Tychonoff space. We show that every precompact (abelian) topological group of weight less than or equal to c is topologically isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a separable pseudocompact (abelian) group of weight c. This result implies that there is a wealth of closed non-separable subgroups of separable pseudocompact groups. An example is also presented under the Continuum Hypothesis of a separable countably compact abelian group which contains a non-separable closed subgroup.
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In 1983 P. Domanski investigated the question: For which separable topological vector spaces E, does the separable space have a nonseparable closed vector subspace, where is the cardinality of the continuum? He provided a partial answer, proving that every separable topological vector space whose completion is not q-minimal (in particular, every separable infinite-dimensional Banach space) E has this property. Using a result of S.A. Saxon, we show that for a separable locally convex space (lcs) E, the product space has a nonseparable closed vector subspace if and only if E does not have the weak topology. On the other hand, we prove that every metrizable vector subspace of the product of any number of separable Hausdorff lcs is separable. We show however that for the classical Michael line the space of all continuous real-valued functions on endowed with the pointwise convergence topology, contains a nonseparable closed vector subspace while is separable.
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In 1983 P. DomaA"ski investigated the question: For which separable topological vector spaces E, does the separable space have a nonseparable closed vector subspace, where is the cardinality of the continuum? He provided a partial answer, proving that every separable topological vector space whose completion is not q-minimal (in particular, every separable infinite-dimensional Banach space) E has this property. Using a result of S.A. Saxon, we show that for a separable locally convex space (lcs) E, the product space has a nonseparable closed vector subspace if and only if E does not have the weak topology. On the other hand, we prove that every metrizable vector subspace of the product of any number of separable Hausdorff lcs is separable. We show however that for the classical Michael line the space of all continuous real-valued functions on endowed with the pointwise convergence topology, contains a nonseparable closed vector subspace while is separable.
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It is proved that any surjective morphism f : Z(k) -> K onto a locally compact group K is open for every cardinal k. This answers a question posed by Hofmann and the second author.
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It is proved that any surjective morphism f : Z(k) -> K onto a locally compact group K is open for every cardinal k. This answers a question posed by Hofmann and the second author.
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In this article, we refine and slightly strengthen the metric space version of the Borwein-Preiss variational principle due to Li and Shi (2000) [12], clarify the assumptions and conclusions of their Theorem 1 as well as Theorem 2.5.2 in Borwein and Zhu (2005) [4] and streamline the proofs. Our main result, Theorem 3 is formulated in the metric space setting. When reduced to Banach spaces (Corollary 9), it extends and strengthens the smooth variational principle established in Borwein and Preiss (1987) [3] along several directions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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In this article, we refine and slightly strengthen the metric space version of the Borwein-Preiss variational principle due to Li and Shi (2000) [12], clarify the assumptions and conclusions of their Theorem 1 as well as Theorem 2.5.2 in Borwein and Zhu (2005) [4] and streamline the proofs. Our main result, Theorem 3 is formulated in the metric space setting. When reduced to Banach spaces (Corollary 9), it extends and strengthens the smooth variational principle established in Borwein and Preiss (1987) [3] along several directions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.