Showing items 161 - 180 of 9089

Your selections:

Differences between DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 revisions of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : a commentary on implications and opportunities

- Gomez, Rapson, Chen, Wai, Houghton, Stephen

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Chen, Wai , Houghton, Stephen
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: World J Psychiatry Vol. 13, no. 5 (2023), p. 138-143
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Current ICD-11 descriptions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recently published online, in the same year as the DSM-5-TR (text revised edition) was released. In this commentary, we compare and contrast the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, summarize important differences, and underscore their clinical and research implications. Overall, three major differences emerge: (1) The number of diagnostic criteria for inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY) and impulsivity (IM) symptoms ( , DSM-5-TR has nine IA and nine HY/IM symptoms, whereas ICD-11 has 11 IA and 11 HY/IM sym-ptoms) (2) the clarity and standardization of diagnostic thresholds ( , the diagnostic thresholds for symptom count in IA and HY/IM domains are explicitly specified in DSM-5-TR, whereas in ICD-11 they are not) and (3) the partitioning of HY and IM symptoms into sub-dimensions ( , difference in partitioning HY and IM symptom domains relates to the differences between the current and previous editions of DSM and ICD, and this has important research implications). Currently, no ICD-11 based ADHD rating scales exist and while this absence represents an obstacle for respective research and clinical practice, it also presents opportunities for research development. This article highlights these challenges, possible remedies and novel research opportunities.

Digital data and practice change: the impact of innovative web portals on user knowledge building and decision-making processes

- Murphy, Angela, Ollerenshaw, Alison

  • Authors: Murphy, Angela , Ollerenshaw, Alison
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Online Information Review Vol. 47, no. 4 (2023), p. 732-748
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Purpose: The impact of innovative web portals on users, from access to application, is gaining interest as the global call for increased data availability gains momentum. This study reports on the perceptions of portal end users about usage and access to digital data across a range of fields of practice. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected and analysed from interviews (n = 132) and email feedback (n = 235) from end users of interoperable spatial knowledge web portals. Findings: Data reveal that users attribute importance to ease of access and applicability, and to confidence and trust in data. The acquisition of data assists with reducing knowledge silos, facilitates knowledge sharing and decision-making. Digital data portals enable the building of stronger collaborations between different groups of individuals and communities leading to improved outcomes and more positive developments across varied discipline and practice areas. Practical implications: Recommendations for developing online portals to optimise knowledge transfer and associated benefits, for users, are offered. Originality/value: By collecting extensive qualitative data drawn from the experiences of end users of digital data portals, this paper provides new insights, thereby addressing a knowledge gap in the published literature about the use of technology uptake and the application of online data for practice and industry benefit. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Discriminative ability of lower limb strength and power measures in lacrosse athletes

- Talpey, Scott, Axtell, Robert, Gardner, Elizabeth, Maloney, Maggie, Newman, Thomas, Cordone, Jason, O'Grady, Mathew

  • Authors: Talpey, Scott , Axtell, Robert , Gardner, Elizabeth , Maloney, Maggie , Newman, Thomas , Cordone, Jason , O'Grady, Mathew
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 44, no. 1 (2023), p. 29-37
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The objective of this investigation was to compare isokinetic strength, countermovement jump and drop jump variables between high-contributors and low-contributors within NCAA Division I Men's and Women's lacrosse athletes. Men's (N=36) and Women's (N=30) NCAA Division I lacrosse athletes completed strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring across three speeds (60°·s -1, 180°·s -1, 300°·s -1), countermovement and drop jumps. To determine the discriminative ability of select lower-limb strength and power characteristics participants were categorized as high-contributors (Males N=18, age=20.3±0.4 yrs, height=183.9±5.5 cm, mass=90.8±5.8 kg; Females N=15, age=20.8±0.8 yrs, height=169.3±6.7 cm, mass=64.1±7.2 kg) or low-contributors (Males N=18, age=19.5±0.2 yrs, height=184.1±5.6 cm; mass=87.9±8.1 kg; Females N=15, age=19.7±0.2 yrs, height=169.8±7.0 cm, mass=62.9±7.7 kg) based upon the number of games the participants competed in during the regular season. Within the male cohort, moderate significant (p<0.05) differences were observed between high-contributors and low-contributors in isokinetic hamstring strength of the left leg at 300°·s -1(d=0.69) and peak power in countermovement jump (d= 0.68). Within the women's cohort a large (d= 0.87) significant difference (p<0.05) in isokinetic strength of the left hamstring was observed between high-contributors and low-contributors at 60°·s -1. Hamstring strength and lower-limb power are important strength measures for lacrosse performance and should be prioritized in training prescription for lacrosse athletes. © 2023 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.

Discussion : effects of plastic waste materials on geotechnical properties of clayey soil [doi: 10.1007/s40515-020-00145-4]

- O’Kelly, Brendan, Soltani, Amin

Disordered social media use during COVID-19 predicts perceived stress and depression through indirect effects via fear of COVID-19

- Tillman, Gabriel, March, Evita, Lavender, Andrew, Braund, Taylor, Mesagno, Christopher

  • Authors: Tillman, Gabriel , March, Evita , Lavender, Andrew , Braund, Taylor , Mesagno, Christopher
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Behavioral Sciences Vol. 13, no. 9 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global threat that can have an adverse effect on an individuals’ physical and mental health. Here, we investigate if disordered social media use predicts user stress and depression symptoms indirectly via fear of COVID-19. A total of 359 (timepoint 1 = 171, timepoint 2 = 188) participants were recruited via social media and snowball sampling. They completed an online survey that measured disordered social media use, fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and depression symptomatology at two cross-sectional timepoints. We found that disordered social media use predicts depression indirectly through fear of COVID-19 at both timepoints. We also found that disordered social media use predicts perceived stress indirectly through fear of COVID-19, but only at timepoint 1. Taken together with previous research, our findings indicate that disordered social media use may lead to increased fear of COVID-19, which in turn may lead to poorer psychological wellbeing outcomes. Overall, there is evidence that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the physical, psychological, and emotional health of individuals worldwide. Moreover, this impact may be exacerbated by disordered use of social media. © 2023 by the authors.

Disseminating sleep education to graduate psychology programs online : a knowledge translation study to improve the management of insomnia

- Meaklim, Hailey, Meltzer, Lisa, Rehm, Imogen, Junge, Moira, Monfries, Melissa, Kennedy, Gerard, Bucks, Romola, Graco, Marnie, Jackson, Melinda

  • Authors: Meaklim, Hailey , Meltzer, Lisa , Rehm, Imogen , Junge, Moira , Monfries, Melissa , Kennedy, Gerard , Bucks, Romola , Graco, Marnie , Jackson, Melinda
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sleep Vol. 46, no. 10 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Study Objectives: Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework. Methods: Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia. Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were conducted pre- and post-program, with long-term feedback collected at 12 months. Results: Seven out of ten graduate psychology programs adopted the workshop (adoption rate = 70%). The workshop reached 313 graduate students, with a research participation rate of 81%. The workshop was effective at improving students’ sleep knowledge and self-efficacy to manage sleep disturbances using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), compared to the waitlist control with medium-to-large effect sizes (all p < .001). Implementation feedback was positive, with 96% of students rating the workshop as very good-to-excellent. Twelve-month maintenance data demonstrated that 83% of students had used the sleep knowledge/skills learned in the workshop in their clinical practice. However, more practical training is required to achieve CBT-I competency. Conclusions: Online sleep education workshops can be scaled to deliver cost-effective foundational sleep training to graduate psychology students. This workshop will accelerate the translation of insomnia management guidelines into psychology practice to improve sleep and mental health outcomes nationwide. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society.

Distinct subpopulations of DN1 thymocytes exhibit preferential gamma delta T lineage potential

- Oh, Seungyoul, Liu, Xin, Tomei, Sara, Luo, Mengxiao, Skinner, Jarrod, Berzins, Stuart, Naik, Shalin, Gray, Daniel, Chong, Mark

Divergent molecular networks program functionally distinct CD8+skin-resident memory T cells

- Park, Simone, Christo, Susan, Wells, Alexandria, Gandolfo, Luke, Zaid, Ali, Alexandre, Yannick, Burn, Thomas, Schröder, Jan, Collins, Nicholas, Han, Seong-Ji, Guillaume, Stephane, Evrard, Maximilien, Castellucci, Clara, Davies, Brooke, Osman, Maleika, Obers, Andreas, McDonald, Keely, Wang, Huimeng, Mueller, Scott, Kannourakis, George, Berzins, Stuart, Mielke, Lisa, Carbone, Francis, Kallies, Axel, Speed, Terence, Belkaid, Yasmine, MacKay, Laura

DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy : genotypes, phenotypes, and phenocopies

- Johnson, Renee, Otway, Robyn, Chin, Ephrem, Horvat, Claire, Ohanian, Monique, Wilcox, Jon, Su, Zheng, Prestes, Priscilla, Smolnikov, Andrei, Soka, Magdalena, Guo, Guanglan, Rath, Emma, Chakravorty, Samya, Chrzanowski, Lukasz, Hayward, Christopher, Keogh, Anne, MacDonald, Peter, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Chang, Alex, Oates, Emily, Charchar, Fadi, Seidman, Jonathan, Seidman, Christine, Hegde, Madhuri, Fatkin, Diane

  • Authors: Johnson, Renee , Otway, Robyn , Chin, Ephrem , Horvat, Claire , Ohanian, Monique , Wilcox, Jon , Su, Zheng , Prestes, Priscilla , Smolnikov, Andrei , Soka, Magdalena , Guo, Guanglan , Rath, Emma , Chakravorty, Samya , Chrzanowski, Lukasz , Hayward, Christopher , Keogh, Anne , MacDonald, Peter , Giannoulatou, Eleni , Chang, Alex , Oates, Emily , Charchar, Fadi , Seidman, Jonathan , Seidman, Christine , Hegde, Madhuri , Fatkin, Diane
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine Vol. 16, no. 5 (2023), p. 421-430
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Background: Variants in the DMD gene, that encodes the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin, cause a severe form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with high rates of heart failure, heart transplantation, and ventricular arrhythmias. Improved early detection of individuals at risk is needed. Methods: Genetic testing of 40 male probands with a potential X-linked genetic cause of primary DCM was undertaken using multi-gene panel sequencing, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Variant location was assessed with respect to dystrophin isoform patterns and exon usage. Telomere length was evaluated as a marker of myocardial dysfunction in left ventricular tissue and blood. Results: Four pathogenic/likely pathogenic DMD variants were found in 5 probands (5/40: 12.5%). Only one rare variant was identified by gene panel testing with 3 additional multi-exon deletion/duplications found following targeted assays for structural variants. All of the pathogenic/likely pathogenic DMD variants involved dystrophin exons that had percent spliced-in scores >90, indicating high levels of constitutive expression in the human adult heart. Fifteen DMD variant-negative probands (15/40: 37.5%) had variants in autosomal genes including TTN, BAG3, LMNA, and RBM20. Myocardial telomere length was reduced in patients with DCM irrespective of genotype. No differences in blood telomere length were observed between genotype-positive family members with/without DCM and controls. Conclusions: Primary genetic testing using multi-gene panels has a low yield and specific assays for structural variants are required if DMD-associated cardiomyopathy is suspected. Distinguishing X-linked causes of DCM from autosomal genes that show sex differences in clinical presentation is crucial for informed family management. © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.

Do health service waiting areas contribute to the health literacy of consumers? A scoping review

- McDonald, Cassie, Voutier, Catherine, Govil, Dhruv, D'Souza, Aruska, Truong, Dominic, Abo, Shaza, Remedios, Louisa, Granger, Catherine

  • Authors: McDonald, Cassie , Voutier, Catherine , Govil, Dhruv , D'Souza, Aruska , Truong, Dominic , Abo, Shaza , Remedios, Louisa , Granger, Catherine
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Health Promotion International Vol. 38, no. 4 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Health service waiting areas commonly provide health information, resources and supports for consumers; however, the effect on health literacy and related outcomes remains unclear. This scoping review of the literature aimed to explore the use of waiting areas as a place to contribute to the health literacy and related outcomes of consumers attending health appointments. Articles were included if they focussed on health literacy or health literacy responsiveness (concept) in outpatient or primary care health service waiting areas (context) for adult consumers (population) and were published after 2010. Ten bibliographic databases, one full-text archive, dissertation repositories and web sources were searched. The search yielded 5095 records. After duplicate removal, 3942 title/abstract records were screened and 360 full-text records assessed. Data were charted into a standardized data extraction tool. A total of 116 unique articles (published empirical and grey literature) were included. Most articles were set in primary and community care (49%) waiting areas. A diverse range of health topics and resource types were available, but results demonstrated they were not always used by consumers. Outcomes measured in intervention studies were health knowledge, intentions and other psychological factors, self-reported and observed behaviours, clinical outcomes and health service utilization. Intervention studies overall demonstrated positive trends in health literacy-related outcomes, although the benefit declined after 3-6 months. Research on using waiting areas for health literacy purposes is increasing globally. Future research investigating the needs of consumers to inform optimal intervention design is needed. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.

Do maturation, anthropometrics and leg muscle qualities influence repeated change of direction performance in adolescent boys and girls?

- Giuriato, Matteo, Pellino, Vittoria, Lovecchio, Nicola, Codella, Roberto, Vandoni, Matteo, Talpey, Scott

  • Authors: Giuriato, Matteo , Pellino, Vittoria , Lovecchio, Nicola , Codella, Roberto , Vandoni, Matteo , Talpey, Scott
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Biology of Sport Vol. 40, no. 4 (2023), p. 1033-1038
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The ability to change direction rapidly is a key fitness quality especially in invasive sports where young players perform approximately 300 changes of direction in a game. There is currently limited understanding of how anthropometric characteristics and maturation status influence change of direction ability in adolescent. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to assess the influence of anthropometrics and maturation status on change of direction ability in young people. The study involved 706 adolescents (367 girls) aged 14-19-year-old attending the same high school in Northern Italy. Stature, body mass, seated height and leg length were measured to determine the anthropometrics and maturation status of the participants. Repeated change of direction ability (10 × 5 m shuttle run test), lower limb power and muscle strength were evaluated using field tests from the Eurofit test battery. Maturity offset was calculated separately for boys and girls, in accord with the equation proposed by Mirwald. Preliminary analysis with 10 × 5 m as a dependent variable and sex and PHV as a fixed factor, suggests a significant difference between sex (p < 0.001; d = 0.35) but not with PHV (p = 0.986; d = 0.000) and interaction PHV × sex (p = 0.836; d = 0.000). Our results suggested that repeated change of direction performance was influenced by anthropometrics, maturation and muscle qualities in adolescent boys and girls. © 2023 Institute of Sport. All rights reserved.

Do the qualifications of vocational teachers make a difference to their teaching?

- Smith, Erica, Tuck, Jacqueline

  • Authors: Smith, Erica , Tuck, Jacqueline
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Research in Post-Compulsory Education Vol. 28, no. 1 (2023), p. 1-25
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: A survey of over 500 teachers and trainers in the Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector was carried out to examine whether their teaching practices and approaches varied with their qualification levels. The survey, carried out with teachers and trainers from different types of training providers–public and private–formed a major part of a larger research project on the topic. The project was carried out because of an overall decline in the qualification levels of the VET teaching workforce over a 20-year period, and national debate on the appropriate qualification level. Analysis of the survey results showed that those with pedagogical qualifications above the regulatory minimum were more confident overall, and were more able to deal with the demands of different teaching contexts and of diverse learner groups. Teachers with higher level qualifications also reported, in qualitative questions, specific gains from their qualifications. They were also more likely to undertake professional development, challenging an often-cited view that professional development activities can compensate for lower qualification levels. The findings have implications for policy development in Australia and elsewhere. © 2023 Association for Research in Post-Compulsory Education.

Does multisession cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex prime the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on fear of pain, fear of movement, and disability in patients with nonspecific low back pain? A randomized clinical trial study

- Ehsani, Fatemeh, Hafez Yousefi, Mohaddeseh, Jafarzadeh, Abbas, Zoghi, Maryam, Jaberzadeh, Shapour

  • Authors: Ehsani, Fatemeh , Hafez Yousefi, Mohaddeseh , Jafarzadeh, Abbas , Zoghi, Maryam , Jaberzadeh, Shapour
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Brain Sciences Vol. 13, no. 10 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Many studies have shown that low back pain (LBP) is associated with psychosomatic symptoms which may lead to brain changes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the concurrent application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and transcranial direct electrical stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on fear of pain, fear of movement, and disability in patients with nonspecific LBP. This study was performed on 45 LBP patients (23 women, 22 men; mean age 33.00 ± 1.77 years) in three groups: experimental (2 mA cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS)), sham (c-tDCS turned off after 30 s), and control (only received CBT). In all groups, CBT was conducted for 20 min per session, with two sessions per week for four weeks. Fear of pain, fear of movement, and disability were evaluated using questionnaires at baseline, immediately after, and one month after completion of interventions. Results indicated that all three different types of intervention could significantly reduce fear and disability immediately after intervention (p > 0.05). However, improvement in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the other groups immediately after and at the one-month follow-up after interventions (p < 0.05). DLPFC c-tDCS can prime the immediate effects of CBT and also the lasting effects on the reduction in the fear of pain, fear of movement, and disability in LBP patients. © 2023 by the authors.

Domestic load management with coordinated photovoltaics, battery storage and electric vehicle operation

- Das, Narottam, Haque, Akramul, Zaman, Hasneen, Morsalin, Sayidul, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Das, Narottam , Haque, Akramul , Zaman, Hasneen , Morsalin, Sayidul , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 11, no. (2023), p. 12075-12087
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Coordinated power demand management at residential or domestic levels allows energy participants to efficiently manage load profiles, increase energy efficiency and reduce operational cost. In this paper, a hierarchical coordination framework to optimally manage domestic load using photovoltaic (PV) units, battery-energy-storage-systems (BESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. The bidirectional power flow of EV with vehicle to grid (V2G) operation manages real-time domestic load profile and takes appropriate coordinated action using its controller when necessary. The proposed system has been applied to a real power distribution network and tested with real load patterns and load dynamics. This also includes various test scenarios and prosumer's preferences e.g., with or without EVs, number of EV owners, number of households, and prosumer's daily activities. This is a combined hybrid system for hierarchical coordination that consists of PV units, BES systems and EVs. The system performance was analyzed with different commercial EV types with charging/ discharging constraints and the result shows that the domestic load demand on the distribution grid during the peak period has been reduced significantly. In the end, this proposed system's performance was compared with the prediction-based test techniques and the financial benefits were estimated. © 2013 IEEE.

DQN-based resource allocation for NOMA-MEC-aided multi-source data stream

- Ling, Jing, Xia, Junjuan, Zhu, Fusheng, Gao, Chongzhi, Lai, Shiwei, Balasubramanian, Venki

  • Authors: Ling, Jing , Xia, Junjuan , Zhu, Fusheng , Gao, Chongzhi , Lai, Shiwei , Balasubramanian, Venki
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Vol. 2023, no. 1 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This paper investigates a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-aided mobile edge computing (MEC) network with multiple sources and one computing access point (CAP), in which NOMA technology is applied to transmit multi-source data streams to CAP for computing. To measure the performance of the considered NOMA-aided MEC network, we first design the system cost as a linear weighting function of energy consumption and delay under the NOMA-aided MEC network. Moreover, we propose a deep Q network (DQN)-based offloading strategy to minimize the system cost by jointly optimizing the offloading ratio and transmission power allocation. Finally, we design experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Specifically, the designed strategy can decrease the system cost by about 15% compared with local computing when the number of sources is 5. © 2023, The Author(s).

Dynamics of transforming growth factor

- Wu, Siqi, Luwor, Rodney, Zhu, Hong-Jian

E-cigarette use among male smokers in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : a cross-sectional study

- Al Rajeh, Ahmed, Mahmud, Ilias, Al Imam, Mahmudul, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Al Shehri, Fariss, Alomayrin, Salman, Alfazae, Nawaf, Elmosaad, Yousif, Alasqah, Ibrahim

  • Authors: Al Rajeh, Ahmed , Mahmud, Ilias , Al Imam, Mahmudul , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Al Shehri, Fariss , Alomayrin, Salman , Alfazae, Nawaf , Elmosaad, Yousif , Alasqah, Ibrahim
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, no. 1 (2023), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: E-cigarette use is increasing globally. Recent evidence suggests that e-cigarettes contain harmful substances that could cause adverse health outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use among male current smokers in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult male current smokers in the Al-Ahsa province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. We performed logistic regression analyses to investigate the factors associated with e-cigarette use among adult male current smokers. 325 current smokers participated in the study. A third of them (33.5%) were e-cigarette users. Almost all the study participants (97.0%) had heard about e-cigarettes. Participants who were occasional smokers (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17–4.41) and had good knowledge perception of e-cigarettes (OR 3.49; 95% CI: 2.07–5.90) had higher odds of using e-cigarettes when compared to regular smokers of conventional cigarettes and current smokers with poor knowledge perception of e-cigarettes, respectively. In contrast, private employees (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.85), and business owners (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.63) had lower odds of using e-cigarettes compared to unemployed individuals. Compared with non-e-cigarette users, the rate of conventional cigarette smoking per day was significantly lower among e-cigarette users. Use of e-cigarette (OR: 3.57, 95% CI: 2.14–5.98), believing that e-cigarette quitting is hard (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.17–3.49) and trying to quit e-cigarettes (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.1–4.25) were found to be significant predictors of good knowledge perception of e-cigarettes among the current smokers. The use and knowledge perception of e-cigarettes were higher among occasional conventional male cigarette smokers than regular male smokers in Al-Ahsa province. The use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids should be examined further in the Saudi Arabian setting. © 2022 by the authors.

EAGLE : contrastive learning for efficient graph anomaly detection

- Ren, Jing, Hou, Mingliang, Liu, Zhixuan, Bai, Xiaomei

  • Authors: Ren, Jing , Hou, Mingliang , Liu, Zhixuan , Bai, Xiaomei
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Intelligent Systems Vol. 38, no. 2 (2023), p. 55-63
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Graph anomaly detection is a popular and vital task in various real-world scenarios, which has been studied for several decades. Recently, many studies extending deep learning-based methods have shown preferable performance on graph anomaly detection. However, existing methods lack efficiency that is definitely necessary for embedded devices. Toward this end, we propose an Efficient Anomaly detection model on heterogeneous Graphs via contrastive LEarning (EAGLE) by contrasting abnormal nodes with normal ones in terms of their distances to the local context. The proposed method first samples instance pairs on meta-path level for contrastive learning. Then, a Graph AutoEncoder-based model is applied to learn informative node embeddings in an unsupervised way, which will be further combined with the discriminator to predict the anomaly scores of nodes. Experimental results show that EAGLE outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three heterogeneous network datasets. © 2001-2011 IEEE.

Edge connectivity of simplicial polytopes

- Pilaud, Vincent, Pineda-Villavicencio, Guillermo, Ugon, Julien

  • Authors: Pilaud, Vincent , Pineda-Villavicencio, Guillermo , Ugon, Julien
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: European Journal of Combinatorics Vol. 113, no. (2023), p.
  • Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP180100602
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: We show that the graph of a simplicial polytope of dimension d ≥ 3 has no nontrivial minimum edge cut with fewer than d(d+1)/2 edges, hence the graph is min{δ,d(d+1)/2}-edgeconnected where δ denotes the minimum degree. When d = 3, this implies that every minimum edge cut in a plane triangulation is trivial. When d ≥ 4, we construct a simplicial d-polytope whose graph has a nontrivial minimum edge cut of cardinality d(d + 1)/2, proving that the aforementioned result is best possible.
  • Description: We show that the graph of a simplicial polytope of dimension d

Education leads to increased adherence to the ‘Australian Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors’

- Fields, Sally, Unsworth, Carolyn, Harreveld, Bobby

  • Authors: Fields, Sally , Unsworth, Carolyn , Harreveld, Bobby
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol. 30, no. 6 (2023), p. 837-852
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Background: Occupational therapy competency standards provide an evidence-base to inform clinical best practice, however it is not known whether education about competency standards will increase occupational therapists’ adherence to their use. Aims/objectives: To investigate if education about the ‘Australian Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors’ leads to increased adherence to the competency standards in the clinical practice of occupational therapy driver assessors. Materials and methods: A mixed methods multiple case study design was used to evaluate 5 occupational therapy driver assessors’ adherence to the competency standards. An audit of 25 client files and interviews were conducted to evaluate practice against the competency standards prior to an education session, followed by an audit of a further 25 files, interview and feedback after education. Results: Qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that education about the ‘Australian Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors’ was associated with increased adherence to the competency standards in clinical practice. The results also support the use of competency standards in clinical practice. Conclusions and significance: Competency standards can be used to inform and guide clinical practice, and individualised education and feedback of practice against the competency standards can increase occupational therapists’ adherence to these standards. © 2022 Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy Foundation.