Determination of soil hydraulic parameters and evaluation of water dynamics and nitrate leaching in the unsaturated layered zone: A modeling case study in Central Croatia
- Defterdarović, Jasmina, Filipović, Lana, Kranjčec, Filip, Ondrašek, Gabrijel, Kikić, Diana, Novosel, Alen, Mustać, Ivan, Krevh, Vedran, Magdić, Ivan, Rubinić, Vedran, Bogunović, Igor, Dugan, Ivan, Čopec, Krešimir, He, Hailong, Filipović, Vilim
- Authors: Defterdarović, Jasmina , Filipović, Lana , Kranjčec, Filip , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Kikić, Diana , Novosel, Alen , Mustać, Ivan , Krevh, Vedran , Magdić, Ivan , Rubinić, Vedran , Bogunović, Igor , Dugan, Ivan , Čopec, Krešimir , He, Hailong , Filipović, Vilim
- Date: 2021
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 12 (2021), p. 6688
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- Description: Nitrate leaching through soil layers to groundwater may cause significant degradation of natural resources. The aims of this study were: (i) to estimate soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) of the similar soil type with same management on various locations (ii) to determine annual water dynamics and (iii) to estimate the impact of subsoil horizon properties on nitrate leaching. The final goal was to compare the influence of different SHPs and layering on water dynamics and nitrate leaching. The study was conducted in central Croatia (Zagreb), at four locations on Calcaric Phaeozem, Calcaric Regosol, and Calcaric Fluvic Phaeozem soil types. Soil hydraulic parameters were estimated using the HYPROP system and HYPROP-FIT software. Water dynamics and nitrate leaching were evaluated using HYDRUS 2D/3D during a period of 365 days. The amount of water in the soil under saturated conditions varied from 0.422 to 0.535 cm3 cm−3 while the hydraulic conductivity varied from 3 cm day−1 to 990.9 cm day−1. Even though all locations have the same land use and climatic conditions with similar physical properties, hydraulic parameters varied substantially. The amount and velocity of transported nitrate (HYDRUS 2D/3D) were affected by reduced hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil as nitrates are primarily transported via advective flux. Despite the large differences in SHPs of the topsoil layers, the deeper soil layers, having similar SHPs, imposed a buffering effect preventing faster nitrate downward transport. This contributed to a very similar distribution of nitrates through the soil profile at the end of simulation period. This case study indicated the importance of carefully selecting relevant parameters in multilayered soil systems when evaluating groundwater pollution risk.
- Authors: Defterdarović, Jasmina , Filipović, Lana , Kranjčec, Filip , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Kikić, Diana , Novosel, Alen , Mustać, Ivan , Krevh, Vedran , Magdić, Ivan , Rubinić, Vedran , Bogunović, Igor , Dugan, Ivan , Čopec, Krešimir , He, Hailong , Filipović, Vilim
- Date: 2021
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 12 (2021), p. 6688
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Nitrate leaching through soil layers to groundwater may cause significant degradation of natural resources. The aims of this study were: (i) to estimate soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) of the similar soil type with same management on various locations (ii) to determine annual water dynamics and (iii) to estimate the impact of subsoil horizon properties on nitrate leaching. The final goal was to compare the influence of different SHPs and layering on water dynamics and nitrate leaching. The study was conducted in central Croatia (Zagreb), at four locations on Calcaric Phaeozem, Calcaric Regosol, and Calcaric Fluvic Phaeozem soil types. Soil hydraulic parameters were estimated using the HYPROP system and HYPROP-FIT software. Water dynamics and nitrate leaching were evaluated using HYDRUS 2D/3D during a period of 365 days. The amount of water in the soil under saturated conditions varied from 0.422 to 0.535 cm3 cm−3 while the hydraulic conductivity varied from 3 cm day−1 to 990.9 cm day−1. Even though all locations have the same land use and climatic conditions with similar physical properties, hydraulic parameters varied substantially. The amount and velocity of transported nitrate (HYDRUS 2D/3D) were affected by reduced hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil as nitrates are primarily transported via advective flux. Despite the large differences in SHPs of the topsoil layers, the deeper soil layers, having similar SHPs, imposed a buffering effect preventing faster nitrate downward transport. This contributed to a very similar distribution of nitrates through the soil profile at the end of simulation period. This case study indicated the importance of carefully selecting relevant parameters in multilayered soil systems when evaluating groundwater pollution risk.
- Filipović, Vilim, Defterdarović, Jasmina, Krevh, Vedran, Filipović, Lana, Ondrašek, Gabrijel, Kranjčec, Filip, Magdić, Ivan, Rubinić, Vedran, Stipičević, Sanja, Mustać, Ivan, Bubalo Kovačić, Marina, He, Hailong, Haghverdi, Amir, Gerke, Horst
- Authors: Filipović, Vilim , Defterdarović, Jasmina , Krevh, Vedran , Filipović, Lana , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Kranjčec, Filip , Magdić, Ivan , Rubinić, Vedran , Stipičević, Sanja , Mustać, Ivan , Bubalo Kovačić, Marina , He, Hailong , Haghverdi, Amir , Gerke, Horst
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 12, no. 1 (2021), p. 33
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- Description: Erosion has been reported as one of the top degradation processes that negatively affect agricultural soils. The study objective was to identify hydropedological factors controlling soil water dynamics in erosion-affected hillslope vineyard soils. The hydropedological study was conducted at identically-managed Jastrebarsko (location I), and Jazbina (II) and (III) sites with Stagnosol soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties (SHP) were estimated on intact soil cores using Evaporation and WP4C methodssoil hydraulic functions were fitted using HYPROP-FIT software. For Apg and Bg/Btg horizons, uni- and bimodal soil hydraulic models could be well fitted to data although, the bimodal model performed better in particular cases where data indicated non-uniform pore size distribution. With these SHP estimations, a one-year (2020) water flow scenario was simulated using HYDRUS-1D to compare water balance results obtained with uni- and bimodal hydraulic functions. Simulation results revealed relatively similar flux distribution at each hillslope position between the water balance components infiltration, surface runoff, and drainage. However, at the bottom profile at Jastrebarsko, bimodality of the hydraulic functions led to increased drainage. Soil water storage was reduced, and the vertical movement increased due to modified soil water retention curve shapes. Adequate parameterization of SHP is required to capture the hydropedological response of heterogenous erosion-affected soil systems.
Modeling water flow and phosphorus sorption in a soil amended with sewage sludge and olive pomace as compost or biochar
- Filipović, Vilim, Černe, Marko, Šimůnek, Jiří, Filipović, Lana, Romić, Marija, Ondrašek, Gabrijel, Bogunović, Igor, Mustać, Ivan, Krevh, Vedran, Ferenčević, Anja, Robinson, David, Palčić, Igor, Pasković, Igor, Goreta Ban, Smiljana, Užila, Zoran, Ban, Dean
- Authors: Filipović, Vilim , Černe, Marko , Šimůnek, Jiří , Filipović, Lana , Romić, Marija , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Bogunović, Igor , Mustać, Ivan , Krevh, Vedran , Ferenčević, Anja , Robinson, David , Palčić, Igor , Pasković, Igor , Goreta Ban, Smiljana , Užila, Zoran , Ban, Dean
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 10, no. 8 (2020), p. 1163
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- Description: Organic amendments are often reported to improve soil properties, promote plant growth, and improve crop yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the biochar and compost produced from sewage sludge and olive pomace on soil hydraulic properties, water flow, and P transport (i.e., sorption) using numerical modeling (HYDRUS-1D) applied to two soil types (Terra Rosa and Rendzina). Evaporation and leaching experiments on soil cores and repacked soil columns were performed to determine the soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity, P leaching potential, and P sorption capacity of these mixtures. In the majority of treatments, the soil water retention showed a small increase compared to the control soil. A reliable fit with the modified van Genuchten model was found, which was also confirmed by water flow modeling of leaching experiments (R2 0.99). The results showed a high P sorption in all the treatments (Kd 21.24 to 53.68 cm3 g−1), and a high model reliability when the inverse modeling procedure was used (R2 0.93–0.99). Overall, adding sewage sludge or olive pomace as compost or biochar improved the Terra Rosa and Rendzina water retention and did not increase the P mobility in these soils, proving to be a sustainable source of carbon and P-rich materials.
- Authors: Filipović, Vilim , Černe, Marko , Šimůnek, Jiří , Filipović, Lana , Romić, Marija , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Bogunović, Igor , Mustać, Ivan , Krevh, Vedran , Ferenčević, Anja , Robinson, David , Palčić, Igor , Pasković, Igor , Goreta Ban, Smiljana , Užila, Zoran , Ban, Dean
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 10, no. 8 (2020), p. 1163
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Organic amendments are often reported to improve soil properties, promote plant growth, and improve crop yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the biochar and compost produced from sewage sludge and olive pomace on soil hydraulic properties, water flow, and P transport (i.e., sorption) using numerical modeling (HYDRUS-1D) applied to two soil types (Terra Rosa and Rendzina). Evaporation and leaching experiments on soil cores and repacked soil columns were performed to determine the soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity, P leaching potential, and P sorption capacity of these mixtures. In the majority of treatments, the soil water retention showed a small increase compared to the control soil. A reliable fit with the modified van Genuchten model was found, which was also confirmed by water flow modeling of leaching experiments (R2 0.99). The results showed a high P sorption in all the treatments (Kd 21.24 to 53.68 cm3 g−1), and a high model reliability when the inverse modeling procedure was used (R2 0.93–0.99). Overall, adding sewage sludge or olive pomace as compost or biochar improved the Terra Rosa and Rendzina water retention and did not increase the P mobility in these soils, proving to be a sustainable source of carbon and P-rich materials.
Representation of plot‐scale soil heterogeneity in dual‐domain effective flow and transport models with mass exchange
- Filipović, Vilim, Coquet, Yves, Gerke, Horst
- Authors: Filipović, Vilim , Coquet, Yves , Gerke, Horst
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Vadose zone journal Vol. 18, no. 1 (2019), p. 1-14
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- Description: Core Ideas The heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties can be described with effective parameters. Increasing model complexity can be used to represent plot‐scale soil heterogeneity. One‐dimensional dual‐domain flow models are used to reproduce 2D preferential transport. Local subscale variability effects are included as mass transfer in an effective model. Agricultural soils are characterized by a structure that is strongly dependent on farming practices like tillage and trafficking. These practices can create compacted zones in the soil, thus initiating preferential flow. Two‐ or three‐dimensional models can be used to account for the spatial variability of the soil hydraulic and transport properties. Since it is challenging to obtain such data, it is logical to find simpler approaches. Our objective was to design a one‐dimensional (1D) modeling approach that effectively accounts for plot‐scale soil structure variability. A 1D dual‐permeability model was tested in which compacted soil was represented by a matrix domain and uncompacted soil by a fracture domain and eventually by assuming an additional immobile water region (MIM) in the fracture domain representing compacted clods embedded within the uncompacted soil. Models (1D) were compared with two‐dimensional single‐porosity (2D_SP) modeling results for water flow and Br− transport based on a previously performed field tracer experiment. Results indicated good agreement between 1D dual‐domain approaches (1D_DPERM and 1D_DPERM_MIM) and the 2D_SP representative model simulation results with high model efficiency and with respect to the field observations. This implied that a 1D vertical model description was sufficient to represent plot‐scale variability if smaller scale soil structure heterogeneities could be accounted for as effective parameters in dual‐domain models. Variation in the mass transfer term had a large effect on the vertical Br− profile distribution. The parameters describing the sizes and shapes of the domains were most relevant for estimating mass transfer between soil structural features in heterogeneous agricultural fields. Still, the calibration of the upscaling approach of two‐domain interactions in larger scale models remains challenging.
- Authors: Filipović, Vilim , Coquet, Yves , Gerke, Horst
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Vadose zone journal Vol. 18, no. 1 (2019), p. 1-14
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Core Ideas The heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties can be described with effective parameters. Increasing model complexity can be used to represent plot‐scale soil heterogeneity. One‐dimensional dual‐domain flow models are used to reproduce 2D preferential transport. Local subscale variability effects are included as mass transfer in an effective model. Agricultural soils are characterized by a structure that is strongly dependent on farming practices like tillage and trafficking. These practices can create compacted zones in the soil, thus initiating preferential flow. Two‐ or three‐dimensional models can be used to account for the spatial variability of the soil hydraulic and transport properties. Since it is challenging to obtain such data, it is logical to find simpler approaches. Our objective was to design a one‐dimensional (1D) modeling approach that effectively accounts for plot‐scale soil structure variability. A 1D dual‐permeability model was tested in which compacted soil was represented by a matrix domain and uncompacted soil by a fracture domain and eventually by assuming an additional immobile water region (MIM) in the fracture domain representing compacted clods embedded within the uncompacted soil. Models (1D) were compared with two‐dimensional single‐porosity (2D_SP) modeling results for water flow and Br− transport based on a previously performed field tracer experiment. Results indicated good agreement between 1D dual‐domain approaches (1D_DPERM and 1D_DPERM_MIM) and the 2D_SP representative model simulation results with high model efficiency and with respect to the field observations. This implied that a 1D vertical model description was sufficient to represent plot‐scale variability if smaller scale soil structure heterogeneities could be accounted for as effective parameters in dual‐domain models. Variation in the mass transfer term had a large effect on the vertical Br− profile distribution. The parameters describing the sizes and shapes of the domains were most relevant for estimating mass transfer between soil structural features in heterogeneous agricultural fields. Still, the calibration of the upscaling approach of two‐domain interactions in larger scale models remains challenging.
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