A reevaluation of the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the spiritual well-being questionnaire (SWBQ)
- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Religion and Health Vol. 62, no. 3 (2023), p. 2112-2130
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- Description: The 20-item Gomez and Fisher (Personal Individ Differ 35:1975–1991, 2003) Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) is a widely used measure of spiritual well-being. Its theoretical model is a higher-order model with primary factors for personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental well-being, and a secondary global spiritual well-being factor. The current study, conducted in Australia, reevaluated the factor structure of the SWBQ. Unlike previous studies, the current study also used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to examine the factor structure of the SWBQ and selected the preferred model using not only global model fit values, but also the clarity, reliabilities, and validities of the factors in the models. A total of 227 adults (males = 63; females = 164; M age = 26.1 years; SD = 5.2 years) completed the SWBQ. Based on the model selection criteria applied in the study, the ESEM model with four group factors was selected as the preferred model. However, there was also adequate support for the proposed theoretical higher-order model and the first-order oblique model with the four well-being factors. Concerning our preferred model, its factors showed reasonable clarity for factor loadings and (omega) reliabilities. However, only the communal domain scale was supported empirically for external validity. The implications of the findings for the theoretical model, the use of the SWBQ, and future studies are discussed. In this respect, there are three potential models (theorized higher-order model, 4-factor first-order oblique model, and the ESEM model proposed in this study) that warrant further detailed investigation with a larger, more representative population and additional validation measures. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Religion and Health Vol. 62, no. 3 (2023), p. 2112-2130
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The 20-item Gomez and Fisher (Personal Individ Differ 35:1975–1991, 2003) Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) is a widely used measure of spiritual well-being. Its theoretical model is a higher-order model with primary factors for personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental well-being, and a secondary global spiritual well-being factor. The current study, conducted in Australia, reevaluated the factor structure of the SWBQ. Unlike previous studies, the current study also used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to examine the factor structure of the SWBQ and selected the preferred model using not only global model fit values, but also the clarity, reliabilities, and validities of the factors in the models. A total of 227 adults (males = 63; females = 164; M age = 26.1 years; SD = 5.2 years) completed the SWBQ. Based on the model selection criteria applied in the study, the ESEM model with four group factors was selected as the preferred model. However, there was also adequate support for the proposed theoretical higher-order model and the first-order oblique model with the four well-being factors. Concerning our preferred model, its factors showed reasonable clarity for factor loadings and (omega) reliabilities. However, only the communal domain scale was supported empirically for external validity. The implications of the findings for the theoretical model, the use of the SWBQ, and future studies are discussed. In this respect, there are three potential models (theorized higher-order model, 4-factor first-order oblique model, and the ESEM model proposed in this study) that warrant further detailed investigation with a larger, more representative population and additional validation measures. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Brown, Taylor
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment Vol. 45, no. 3 (2023), p. 650-658
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- Description: Using individual differences constructs, the current study used cross-sectional data to examine the mediating role of negative self-statements during public speaking on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and public speaking anxiety (a type of performance anxiety), and how this relationship was moderated by positive self-statements during public performance. The sample comprised 319 adults (men = 105, women = 214) from the general Australian community, with ages ranging from 18 years to 65 years. All participants completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings showed that there was partial mediation by negative self-statements on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and performance anxiety. There were also moderation effects by positive self-statements for this relationship. Additionally, moderation by positive self-statements was evident at all levels of positive self-statements. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for public speaking anxiety are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Typuszak, Natasha
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Typuszak, Natasha
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Current Psychology Vol. 42, no. 17 (2023), p. 14159-14170
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- Description: Background: Using Kimbrel’s (2008) mediation model of social anxiety as a theoretical framework, the primary aim of the current study was to use path analysis to examine how biased cognitions for negative and threatening social information mediated the relationships for the personality constructs of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) with generalized and specific social anxiety (target mediation model). A secondary aim was to examine reverse mediation testing (RMT) models, in which the social anxiety constructs were viewed as mediating the relations between RST constructs and biased social cognition constructs. Methods: A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires measuring the behavioral inhibition system/fight-flight-freeze system (BIS/FFFS), the behavioral approach system (BAS), social comparison (SC), social ineptness (SI), and generalized and specific social anxiety. Results: The findings for the target mediation model showed that there was support for indirect effects for the BIS/FFFS and the BAS on generalized and specific social anxiety through SC and SI. For the RMT model, there was support for the indirect effect of the RST constructs with SI through generalized social anxiety. However, specific generalized anxiety did not mediate the relations of the BIS/FFFS and BAS to SC. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of cognitive therapy that targets SC and SI in the treatment of social anxiety, especially among those with high BIS/FFFS and low BAS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Watson, Shaun, Brown, Taylor
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Psychology Research Chapter 3 p. 55-76
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- Description: The Social Thoughts and Beliefs Scale (STABS) is a valuable tool often used in clinical practice involving social anxiety. However, it is argued that the factor structure of the STABS has yet to be clearly established. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the factor structure of the STABS using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Firstly, comparing the first-order CFA, ESEM, bifactor CFA (BCFA), and bifactor ESEM (BESEM) models with group/specific factors for social comparison (SC) and social ineptness (SI). Participants were 329 individuals (males = 109, females = 220), aged between 18 and 71 years, from the general community. While the ESEM, BCFA, and BESEM models with group/specific factors for SC and SI showed adequate fit, the specific factors in the BCFA and BESEM models were poorly defined in these models, relative to the ESEM model. There was support for the internal consistency reliabilities (omega) and external validities of the factors in the ESEM model. Thus, the ESEM model with specific factors for SC and SI was selected as the preferred model. The practical implications and revisions of the STABS are discussed. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Factor structure of the symptoms of alcohol use, gaming, and gambling addictions
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Brown, Taylor, Watson, Shaun
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Brown, Taylor , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Vol. 21, no. 5 (2023), p. 3345-3361
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Alcohol use, gaming, and gambling addictions are recognized in some form by the major clinical classification symptoms. The current study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models to compare four different models comprising the symptoms of these addictions. The four models were one-factor (all different types of addiction symptoms loading on a single factor), two-factor (alcohol use and internet/gambling latent factors), three-factor (alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling symptoms loading only on their respective target latent factors), and bi-factor (alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling symptoms loading on their respective target latent factor and also on the general addiction factor) models. A general community sample of 968 adults (males = 622, females = 315) completed rating scales with symptoms for the three addictions and also for drug use addiction and distress. Both the three-factor and bi-factor models showed a good fit. However, between these models, only the factors of the three-factor model showed good clarity, reliabilities, and external validities, thereby suggesting that this be the best model to represent ratings of alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling together. The theoretical, taxonomic, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults : a systematic review and the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model
- Eather, Narelle, Wade, Levi, Pankowiak, Aurélie, Eime, Rochelle
- Authors: Eather, Narelle , Wade, Levi , Pankowiak, Aurélie , Eime, Rochelle
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Systematic Reviews Vol. 12, no. 1 (2023), p.
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- Description: Background: Sport is a subset of physical activity that can be particularly beneficial for short-and-long-term physical and mental health, and social outcomes in adults. This study presents the results of an updated systematic review of the mental health and social outcomes of community and elite-level sport participation for adults. The findings have informed the development of the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched, with studies published between 2012 and March 2020 screened for inclusion. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies reported on the relationship between sport participation and mental health and/or social outcomes in adult populations. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool (quantitative studies) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative studies). Results: The search strategy located 8528 articles, of which, 29 involving adults 18–84 years were included for analysis. Data was extracted for demographics, methodology, and study outcomes, and results presented according to study design. The evidence indicates that participation in sport (community and elite) is related to better mental health, including improved psychological well-being (for example, higher self-esteem and life satisfaction) and lower psychological ill-being (for example, reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress), and improved social outcomes (for example, improved self-control, pro-social behavior, interpersonal communication, and fostering a sense of belonging). Overall, adults participating in team sport had more favorable health outcomes than those participating in individual sport, and those participating in sports more often generally report the greatest benefits; however, some evidence suggests that adults in elite sport may experience higher levels of psychological distress. Low ROB was observed for qualitative studies, but quantitative studies demonstrated inconsistencies in methodological quality. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that participation in sport of any form (team or individual) is beneficial for improving mental health and social outcomes amongst adults. Team sports, however, may provide more potent and additional benefits for mental and social outcomes across adulthood. This review also provides preliminary evidence for the Mental Health through Sport model, though further experimental and longitudinal evidence is needed to establish the mechanisms responsible for sports effect on mental health and moderators of intervention effects. Additional qualitative work is also required to gain a better understanding of the relationship between specific elements of the sporting environment and mental health and social outcomes in adult participants. © 2023, The Author(s).
- Authors: Eather, Narelle , Wade, Levi , Pankowiak, Aurélie , Eime, Rochelle
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Systematic Reviews Vol. 12, no. 1 (2023), p.
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- Description: Background: Sport is a subset of physical activity that can be particularly beneficial for short-and-long-term physical and mental health, and social outcomes in adults. This study presents the results of an updated systematic review of the mental health and social outcomes of community and elite-level sport participation for adults. The findings have informed the development of the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched, with studies published between 2012 and March 2020 screened for inclusion. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies reported on the relationship between sport participation and mental health and/or social outcomes in adult populations. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool (quantitative studies) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative studies). Results: The search strategy located 8528 articles, of which, 29 involving adults 18–84 years were included for analysis. Data was extracted for demographics, methodology, and study outcomes, and results presented according to study design. The evidence indicates that participation in sport (community and elite) is related to better mental health, including improved psychological well-being (for example, higher self-esteem and life satisfaction) and lower psychological ill-being (for example, reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress), and improved social outcomes (for example, improved self-control, pro-social behavior, interpersonal communication, and fostering a sense of belonging). Overall, adults participating in team sport had more favorable health outcomes than those participating in individual sport, and those participating in sports more often generally report the greatest benefits; however, some evidence suggests that adults in elite sport may experience higher levels of psychological distress. Low ROB was observed for qualitative studies, but quantitative studies demonstrated inconsistencies in methodological quality. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that participation in sport of any form (team or individual) is beneficial for improving mental health and social outcomes amongst adults. Team sports, however, may provide more potent and additional benefits for mental and social outcomes across adulthood. This review also provides preliminary evidence for the Mental Health through Sport model, though further experimental and longitudinal evidence is needed to establish the mechanisms responsible for sports effect on mental health and moderators of intervention effects. Additional qualitative work is also required to gain a better understanding of the relationship between specific elements of the sporting environment and mental health and social outcomes in adult participants. © 2023, The Author(s).
The use of an interactive social simulation tool for adults who stutter : a pilot study
- Meredith, Grant, Achterbosch, Leigh, Peck, Blake, Terry, Daniel, Dekker, Evan, Packman, Ann
- Authors: Meredith, Grant , Achterbosch, Leigh , Peck, Blake , Terry, Daniel , Dekker, Evan , Packman, Ann
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education Vol. 13, no. 1 (2023), p. 187-198
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- Description: This study reports a user evaluation of a DVD-based social simulator, developed for people who stutter to potentially gain confidence in using a learned fluency technique. The aim was to examine and evaluate the pilot of the DVD-based social simulator, Scenari-Aid, to inform the development of an online version of the program. Thirty-seven adults who were stuttering were recruited to the study from non-professional groups in Australia. The DVD comprised scenarios with actors in real-life settings that were designed to elicit verbal responses. Participants worked through the scenarios at their own rate and then completed an online survey. The survey comprised 29 statements requiring responses on a 5-point Likert scale and provided information about users’ perceptions of participating in the social simulations. There was high positive agreement among the participants on all statements, the most important being that they perceived the scenarios represented in everyday speaking situations and that they felt immersed in them. Participants also agreed that both their fluency and confidence increased in everyday speaking situations as a result of working through the DVD scenarios. The developers were satisfied that, despite the subjective nature of the findings, the study provided sufficient support for constructing the online version, which is now available to the public free of charge. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence of the contribution it can make to the efficacy of speech programs for adults who stutter. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Meredith, Grant , Achterbosch, Leigh , Peck, Blake , Terry, Daniel , Dekker, Evan , Packman, Ann
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education Vol. 13, no. 1 (2023), p. 187-198
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study reports a user evaluation of a DVD-based social simulator, developed for people who stutter to potentially gain confidence in using a learned fluency technique. The aim was to examine and evaluate the pilot of the DVD-based social simulator, Scenari-Aid, to inform the development of an online version of the program. Thirty-seven adults who were stuttering were recruited to the study from non-professional groups in Australia. The DVD comprised scenarios with actors in real-life settings that were designed to elicit verbal responses. Participants worked through the scenarios at their own rate and then completed an online survey. The survey comprised 29 statements requiring responses on a 5-point Likert scale and provided information about users’ perceptions of participating in the social simulations. There was high positive agreement among the participants on all statements, the most important being that they perceived the scenarios represented in everyday speaking situations and that they felt immersed in them. Participants also agreed that both their fluency and confidence increased in everyday speaking situations as a result of working through the DVD scenarios. The developers were satisfied that, despite the subjective nature of the findings, the study provided sufficient support for constructing the online version, which is now available to the public free of charge. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence of the contribution it can make to the efficacy of speech programs for adults who stutter. © 2023 by the authors.
- Gomez, Rapson, Brown, Taylor, Gill, Peter, Prokofieva, Maria, Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Brown, Taylor , Gill, Peter , Prokofieva, Maria , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Vol. 21, no. 6 (2023), p. 3910-3926
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- Description: Rates of online (or internet) gambling are growing faster than any other gambling form, which has research and clinical implications. Currently, the lack of a questionnaire for measuring online gambling in adults is hampering our ability to understand this phenomenon. The current study examined whether the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q), developed for studying online gambling in adolescents, is suitable for use with adults. Specifically, we evaluated support for its original one-factor model, its model-based reliability, external validity, and measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and residual) for the theorized one-factor model. A community sample of 968adults (18 to 64 years) completed the original OGD-Q. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the theorized one-factor model. Additionally, there was support for the reliability (omega coefficient) and external validity (expected relations with internet gaming disorder, internet disorder, depression, anxiety, and stress) of the OGD-Q. Multiple-group CFA supported full measurement invariance across men and women, and emerging adult and older adult groups. The findings provided some psychometric support for the use of the original OGD-Q in adults. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Network analyses of internet gaming disorder symptoms and their links with different types of motivation
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Tullett-Prado, Deon, Schivinski, Bruno, Chen, Wai
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Tullett-Prado, Deon , Schivinski, Bruno , Chen, Wai
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Psychiatry Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
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- Description: The study used regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso) to examine the structure of DSM-5 internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms (network 1); and the associations of the IGD symptoms in the network with different types of motivation as defined in the self-determination theory i.e., intrinsic motivation (engaging in an activity for something unrelated to the activity), identified regulation (engaging in the activity because it aligns with one’s values and/or goals), external regulation (engagement in activity being driven by external rewards and/or approval), and amotivation (engaging in an activity without often understanding why) (network 2). Participants were 968 adults from the general community. They completed self-rating questionnaires covering IGD symptoms and different types of motivation. The findings for network 1 showed mostly positive connections between the symptoms within the IGD network. The most central symptom was loss of control, followed by continuation, withdrawal symptoms, and tolerance. In general, these symptoms were more strongly connected with each other than with the rest of the IGD symptoms. The findings for network 2 showed that the different types of motivation were connected differently with the different IGD symptoms. For instance, the likeliest motivation for the preoccupation and escape symptoms is intrinsic motivation, and for negative consequences, it is low identified regulation. Overall, the findings showed a novel understanding of the structure of the IGD symptoms, and the motivations underlying them. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of IGD are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Tullett-Prado, Deon , Schivinski, Bruno , Chen, Wai
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Psychiatry Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
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- Description: The study used regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso) to examine the structure of DSM-5 internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms (network 1); and the associations of the IGD symptoms in the network with different types of motivation as defined in the self-determination theory i.e., intrinsic motivation (engaging in an activity for something unrelated to the activity), identified regulation (engaging in the activity because it aligns with one’s values and/or goals), external regulation (engagement in activity being driven by external rewards and/or approval), and amotivation (engaging in an activity without often understanding why) (network 2). Participants were 968 adults from the general community. They completed self-rating questionnaires covering IGD symptoms and different types of motivation. The findings for network 1 showed mostly positive connections between the symptoms within the IGD network. The most central symptom was loss of control, followed by continuation, withdrawal symptoms, and tolerance. In general, these symptoms were more strongly connected with each other than with the rest of the IGD symptoms. The findings for network 2 showed that the different types of motivation were connected differently with the different IGD symptoms. For instance, the likeliest motivation for the preoccupation and escape symptoms is intrinsic motivation, and for negative consequences, it is low identified regulation. Overall, the findings showed a novel understanding of the structure of the IGD symptoms, and the motivations underlying them. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of IGD are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s).
Participation and dropout of Hockey New South Wales participants in 2017 and 2018: a longitudinal study
- Owen, Katherine, Foley, Bridget, Eime, Rochelle, Rose, Catriona, Reece, Lindsey
- Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
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- Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.
- Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
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- Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.
Personality inventory for DSM–5-brief form (PID-5-BF) : measurement invariance across men and women
- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Brown, Taylor, Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment Vol. 14, no. 3 (2022), p. 334-338
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- Description: The study examined the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and residual) of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5) Brief Form (PID-5-BF; Krueger et al., 2013) across gender for the theorized Five-Factor oblique model. A large group of adults (N = 502), with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years, from the Australian general community completed the PID-5-BF. When the
The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on perceived health and wellbeing of adult Australian sport and physical activity participants
- Eime, Rochelle, Harvey, Jack, Charity, Melanie, Elliott, Samuel, Drummond, Murray, Pankowiak, Aurelie, Westerbeek, Hans
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Charity, Melanie , Elliott, Samuel , Drummond, Murray , Pankowiak, Aurelie , Westerbeek, Hans
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Public Health Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
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- Description: Individuals’ access to sport and physical activity has been hampered due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. In Australia participation in community sport was cancelled during lockdowns. There is limited research on the impact of sport participation restrictions on the health and wellbeing of adults. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived health and wellbeing of a sample of predominantly active Australian adults, both during COVID-19 and in comparison with one year earlier (pre COVID-19). Methods A survey was conducted during the first COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns in Australia in May–June 2020. It was distributed by national and state sporting organisations and through researchers’ social media accounts. This particular paper focuses on adults aged 18–59 years. The survey collected information on participant demographics, the sport and physical activity patterns pre- COVID-19, and health and wellbeing outcomes during COVID-19 lockdown and compared to one year earlier. The health measures were cross-tabulated against the demographic and sport and physical activity variables, and group profiles compared with chi-square tests. Scales were derived from three wellbeing questions, and group differences were analysed by t-tests and F-tests. Results The survey sample included 1279 men and 868 women aged 18–59 years. Most (67%) resided in metropolitan cities. The great majority (83%) were sport participants. During COVID-19 lockdown men were significantly more likely than women to report worse or much worse general (p = 0.014), physical (p = 0.015) and mental health (p = 0.038) and lower life satisfaction (p = 0.016). The inactive adults were significantly more likely to report poorer general health (p = 0.001) and physical health (p = 0.001) compared to active adults. The younger age cohort (18–29 years) were significantly more likely to report poorer general wellbeing (p < 0.001), and lower life satisfaction (p < 0.001) compared to the older age groups. Conclusion It seems that the absence of playing competitive sport and training with friends, teams and within clubs has severely impacted males and younger adults in particular. Sports clubs provide an important setting for individuals’ health and wellbeing which is why clubs require the capacity to deliver sport and individuals may need to regain the motivation to return. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Charity, Melanie , Elliott, Samuel , Drummond, Murray , Pankowiak, Aurelie , Westerbeek, Hans
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Public Health Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Individuals’ access to sport and physical activity has been hampered due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. In Australia participation in community sport was cancelled during lockdowns. There is limited research on the impact of sport participation restrictions on the health and wellbeing of adults. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived health and wellbeing of a sample of predominantly active Australian adults, both during COVID-19 and in comparison with one year earlier (pre COVID-19). Methods A survey was conducted during the first COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns in Australia in May–June 2020. It was distributed by national and state sporting organisations and through researchers’ social media accounts. This particular paper focuses on adults aged 18–59 years. The survey collected information on participant demographics, the sport and physical activity patterns pre- COVID-19, and health and wellbeing outcomes during COVID-19 lockdown and compared to one year earlier. The health measures were cross-tabulated against the demographic and sport and physical activity variables, and group profiles compared with chi-square tests. Scales were derived from three wellbeing questions, and group differences were analysed by t-tests and F-tests. Results The survey sample included 1279 men and 868 women aged 18–59 years. Most (67%) resided in metropolitan cities. The great majority (83%) were sport participants. During COVID-19 lockdown men were significantly more likely than women to report worse or much worse general (p = 0.014), physical (p = 0.015) and mental health (p = 0.038) and lower life satisfaction (p = 0.016). The inactive adults were significantly more likely to report poorer general health (p = 0.001) and physical health (p = 0.001) compared to active adults. The younger age cohort (18–29 years) were significantly more likely to report poorer general wellbeing (p < 0.001), and lower life satisfaction (p < 0.001) compared to the older age groups. Conclusion It seems that the absence of playing competitive sport and training with friends, teams and within clubs has severely impacted males and younger adults in particular. Sports clubs provide an important setting for individuals’ health and wellbeing which is why clubs require the capacity to deliver sport and individuals may need to regain the motivation to return. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 166, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Using the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) subscales of the BIS/BAS Scales (Carver & White, 1994), this study examined how the association of the BIS and the negatively biased social cognitions of social comparison, social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation, were moderated by BAS-Drive and BAS-Reward Responsiveness. A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings indicted moderation by BAS-D for the predictions of social comparison, social ineptness, and negative self-statements, and moderation by BAS-RR for the predictions of social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation. For moderation effects, moderation was present at lower levels of BAS-D, and at higher levels of BAS-RR. © 2020
Inattention and disordered gaming : does culture matter?
- Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Baynes, Kyi, O’Farrel, Dominic, Gomez, Rapson, Mueller, Astrid, Yucel, Murat, Griffiths, Mark
- Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Baynes, Kyi , O’Farrel, Dominic , Gomez, Rapson , Mueller, Astrid , Yucel, Murat , Griffiths, Mark
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol. 91, no. 2 (2020), p. 333-348
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Problematic gaming has emerged as a contemporary concern, leading to the introduction of the diagnostic term ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ (IGD; American Psychiatric Association). The present study aims to empirically assess the association between inattention and IGD, in the light of variable levels of vertical-individualism that reflects cultural inclinations towards independence, competitiveness, and hierarchy. The participants (N = 1032) comprised a normative cohort of Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) gamers (Mage = 24 years; 48.7% male). IGD was measured with the nine-item short-form IGD Scale (IGD9-SF), inattention with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale, and vertical individualism with the Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire. Complex hierarchical and moderated regressions were employed. Findings demonstrated an association between IGD and inattention, and additionally showed that this association was exacerbated by a more vertically-individualistic cultural orientation without significant gender differences. The need of differentially addressing IGD risk among inattentive gamers of diverse cultural orientation is highlighted. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
- Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Baynes, Kyi , O’Farrel, Dominic , Gomez, Rapson , Mueller, Astrid , Yucel, Murat , Griffiths, Mark
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol. 91, no. 2 (2020), p. 333-348
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Problematic gaming has emerged as a contemporary concern, leading to the introduction of the diagnostic term ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ (IGD; American Psychiatric Association). The present study aims to empirically assess the association between inattention and IGD, in the light of variable levels of vertical-individualism that reflects cultural inclinations towards independence, competitiveness, and hierarchy. The participants (N = 1032) comprised a normative cohort of Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) gamers (Mage = 24 years; 48.7% male). IGD was measured with the nine-item short-form IGD Scale (IGD9-SF), inattention with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale, and vertical individualism with the Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire. Complex hierarchical and moderated regressions were employed. Findings demonstrated an association between IGD and inattention, and additionally showed that this association was exacerbated by a more vertically-individualistic cultural orientation without significant gender differences. The need of differentially addressing IGD risk among inattentive gamers of diverse cultural orientation is highlighted. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
May measurement month 2019 the global blood pressure screening campaign of the International Society of Hypertension
- Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta, Stergiou, George, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil, M. M. M. Investigators
- Authors: Beaney, Thomas , Schutte, Aletta , Stergiou, George , Borghi, Claudio , Burger, Dylan , Charchar, Fadi , Cro, Suzie , Diaz, Alejandro , Damasceno, Albertino , Espeche, Walter , Jose, Arun , Khan, Nadia , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Maheshwari, Anuj , Marin, Marcos , More, Arun , Neupane, Dinesh , Nilsson, Peter , Patil, Mansi , Prabhakaran, Dorairaj , Ramirez, Agustin , Rodriguez, Pablo , Schlaich, Markus , Steckelings, Ulrike , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Unger, Thomas , Wainford, Richard , Wang, Jiguang , Williams, Bryan , Poulter, Neil , M. M. M. Investigators
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Hypertension Vol. 76, no. 2 (Aug 2020), p. 333-341
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (>= 18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 28.9% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of all those with hypertension, 31.7% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 350 825 (23.3%) participants had untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, half were taking only a single drug, and 25% reported using aspirin inappropriately. This survey is the largest ever synchronized and standardized contemporary compilation of global blood pressure data. This campaign is needed as a temporary substitute for systematic blood pressure screening in many countries worldwide.
- Authors: Beaney, Thomas , Schutte, Aletta , Stergiou, George , Borghi, Claudio , Burger, Dylan , Charchar, Fadi , Cro, Suzie , Diaz, Alejandro , Damasceno, Albertino , Espeche, Walter , Jose, Arun , Khan, Nadia , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Maheshwari, Anuj , Marin, Marcos , More, Arun , Neupane, Dinesh , Nilsson, Peter , Patil, Mansi , Prabhakaran, Dorairaj , Ramirez, Agustin , Rodriguez, Pablo , Schlaich, Markus , Steckelings, Ulrike , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Unger, Thomas , Wainford, Richard , Wang, Jiguang , Williams, Bryan , Poulter, Neil , M. M. M. Investigators
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Hypertension Vol. 76, no. 2 (Aug 2020), p. 333-341
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (>= 18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 28.9% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of all those with hypertension, 31.7% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 350 825 (23.3%) participants had untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, half were taking only a single drug, and 25% reported using aspirin inappropriately. This survey is the largest ever synchronized and standardized contemporary compilation of global blood pressure data. This campaign is needed as a temporary substitute for systematic blood pressure screening in many countries worldwide.
Stress resilience : meaning, measurement, and the effects of physical activity
- Authors: O’Donohue, Josephine
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: In rodent models of human behaviour, physical activity builds stress resilience. In contrast, human studies physical activity and stress resilience have been limited, and when investigated, provided mixed results. These inconsistencies may be due to the ambiguous use of the term stress resilience in human studies, making it difficult to quantify. Therefore, I aimed to assess the effect of physical activity on stress resilience in humans, after first evaluating operational definitions of stress resilience. Initially, I evaluated the use of stress resilience across the literature to provide a definition that is consistent with the research base (Chapter 2). I subsequently defined stress resilience as an active process of adapting to unpredictable and uncontrollable stimuli. In Chapter 3, I systematically reviewed measures previously used to capture stress resilience in humans, including trait-based questionnaires, as well as affective and cardiorespiratory responses to stressful conditions. In Study 1 (Chapter 4) of this dissertation, I then assessed the convergent validity of these stress resilience measures , including the Brief Resilience Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, as well as various responses (i.e., affective balance, systolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and multiple indices of heart rate variability) to three stressor conditions (i.e., no stress, auditory startles, and stressful video clips). Results of Study 1 indicated that no measure captured all elements of stress resilience, although some indices of heart rate variability were related to changes in affective balance and systolic blood pressure was related to the Brief Resilience Scale. Across two studies, I then evaluated the effect of physical activity on stress resilience using the measures from Study 1. Through a cross-sectional study (Study 2, Chapter 5), I found no difference between active participants (n = 16) and less active participants (n = 14) across stress resilience measures. Additionally, in Study 3 (Chapter 6), I found that an 8-week moderate physical activity intervention had no effect on these stress resilience measures in 14 participants from desk-based occupations. I did, however, find an increase in mood and reduction in systolic blood pressure post-intervention, compared to pre-intervention scores. I also discussed the feasibility of various recruitment techniques, intervention purity and adherence, as well as stress resilience measurement protocols for future intervention studies. Overall, this dissertation has provided a critical evaluation of the use and measurement of stress resilience, with findings indicating that physical activity may not enhance stress resilience in humans. I discuss differences in my findings, compared to rodent research, including the potential effects of environment enrichment and increased severity of measurement protocols in animal models. I also discuss limitations of stress resilience conceptualisation and provide suggestions for future research to navigate these challenges.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: O’Donohue, Josephine
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: In rodent models of human behaviour, physical activity builds stress resilience. In contrast, human studies physical activity and stress resilience have been limited, and when investigated, provided mixed results. These inconsistencies may be due to the ambiguous use of the term stress resilience in human studies, making it difficult to quantify. Therefore, I aimed to assess the effect of physical activity on stress resilience in humans, after first evaluating operational definitions of stress resilience. Initially, I evaluated the use of stress resilience across the literature to provide a definition that is consistent with the research base (Chapter 2). I subsequently defined stress resilience as an active process of adapting to unpredictable and uncontrollable stimuli. In Chapter 3, I systematically reviewed measures previously used to capture stress resilience in humans, including trait-based questionnaires, as well as affective and cardiorespiratory responses to stressful conditions. In Study 1 (Chapter 4) of this dissertation, I then assessed the convergent validity of these stress resilience measures , including the Brief Resilience Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, as well as various responses (i.e., affective balance, systolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and multiple indices of heart rate variability) to three stressor conditions (i.e., no stress, auditory startles, and stressful video clips). Results of Study 1 indicated that no measure captured all elements of stress resilience, although some indices of heart rate variability were related to changes in affective balance and systolic blood pressure was related to the Brief Resilience Scale. Across two studies, I then evaluated the effect of physical activity on stress resilience using the measures from Study 1. Through a cross-sectional study (Study 2, Chapter 5), I found no difference between active participants (n = 16) and less active participants (n = 14) across stress resilience measures. Additionally, in Study 3 (Chapter 6), I found that an 8-week moderate physical activity intervention had no effect on these stress resilience measures in 14 participants from desk-based occupations. I did, however, find an increase in mood and reduction in systolic blood pressure post-intervention, compared to pre-intervention scores. I also discussed the feasibility of various recruitment techniques, intervention purity and adherence, as well as stress resilience measurement protocols for future intervention studies. Overall, this dissertation has provided a critical evaluation of the use and measurement of stress resilience, with findings indicating that physical activity may not enhance stress resilience in humans. I discuss differences in my findings, compared to rodent research, including the potential effects of environment enrichment and increased severity of measurement protocols in animal models. I also discuss limitations of stress resilience conceptualisation and provide suggestions for future research to navigate these challenges.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging & Mental Health Vol. 24, no. 1 (Jan 2020), p. 103-109
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Living alone is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among older men, and is likely to occur due to belongingness needs being unmet. It is proposed the living alone-sense of belonging and living alone-depressive symptoms relations are stronger for gay men than heterosexual men, due to different family circumstances. This research tested a moderated mediation model, specifically whether the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms is mediated by sense of belonging, and whether the living alone-sense of belonging and living alone-depressive symptoms relationships are moderated by sexual orientation. Method: A community sample of 169 Australian gay men aged 65 to 93 years and 187 Australian heterosexual men aged 65 to 94 years completed the Psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results: Results supported the simple mediation model, with living alone being associated directly and indirectly with depressive symptoms via sense of belonging. The conditional indirect effect of living alone on depressive symptoms via sense of belonging was not significant, and therefore the moderated mediation model was not supported. Conclusion: Results imply that older men who live alone are at increased risk of depressive symptoms directly and indirectly via lower levels of sense of belonging.
Non-communicable diseases and cognitive impairment : pathways and shared behavioral risk factors among older Chinese
- Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara, Browning, Colette
- Authors: Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara , Browning, Colette
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 7, no. (Oct 2019), p. 7
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Population aging has brought about a number of challenges to public health and primary health care systems due to increases in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As a country with one of the largest populations globally, China is confronting a rising number of chronic NCDs including cardiometabolic related conditions. This mini-review investigates the link between NCDs and cognitive impairment through common risk factors. Identifying risk factors is important for the prevention and management of these chronic conditions. In addition, this review also identifies the role of primary health care services in reducing behavioral risk factors for NCDs and cognitive impairment. Addressing shared determinants and pathways is important in the design of public health interventions and primary health care services in China. Monitoring and management of NCD biomarkers and behavioral risk factors may also be beneficial for cognitive health among older Chinese.
- Authors: Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara , Browning, Colette
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 7, no. (Oct 2019), p. 7
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Population aging has brought about a number of challenges to public health and primary health care systems due to increases in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As a country with one of the largest populations globally, China is confronting a rising number of chronic NCDs including cardiometabolic related conditions. This mini-review investigates the link between NCDs and cognitive impairment through common risk factors. Identifying risk factors is important for the prevention and management of these chronic conditions. In addition, this review also identifies the role of primary health care services in reducing behavioral risk factors for NCDs and cognitive impairment. Addressing shared determinants and pathways is important in the design of public health interventions and primary health care services in China. Monitoring and management of NCD biomarkers and behavioral risk factors may also be beneficial for cognitive health among older Chinese.
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol. 90, no. 4 (Dec 2019), p. 777-792
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The occurrence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) behaviours among adults has been supported by a proportion of scholars. The current work examines potential ODD dimensions and their associations with the primary personality traits of Tellegen's [57] multi-dimensional conceptualization during adulthood. Two independent, general community, adult groups [Group 1: N = 214; mean age (SD) = 35.74 (16.60); Group 2: N = 205; mean age (SD) = 29.00 (12.42)] completed the Current Symptom Scale involving the eight ODD criteria. Group 2 additionally addressed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire -Brief Form (MPQ-BF). A series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were implemented. The three-dimensional ODD conceptualization of Burke and colleagues [14] referring to "Negative Affect", "Oppositional Behavior", and "Antagonistic Behavior" was confirmed. Considering personality traits, valuable associations were revealed between Oppositional Behavior and Aggression, Antagonistic Behavior and Social Potency as well as Harm Avoidance, and finally, Negative Affect and Stress Reaction, as well as Aggression. The dimensionality of ODD behaviours in adulthood and its correspondence with particular personality traits is approached in the context of psychological practice.
Measuring depression in deaf adults : Adaptation and validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) for Auslan users
- Authors: Lake, Shane
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
- Full Text:
- Description: There is limited research into the prevalence of depression in the deaf population. Results are inconsistent and research has been hampered by the use of measures not specifically designed for individuals who are deaf. Deaf adults, who use Australian sign language (Auslan) to communicate, may not have the spoken and written language skills in English that are required to understand standard psychological measures. The aim of this research was to adapt and validate a measure of depression, the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), for deaf Auslan users. Following established guidelines, an Auslan version of the PHQ-9, that was conceptually equivalent to the original measure, was produced. A community sample of 34 deaf adults, who use Auslan to communicate, and 278 hearing adults, were recruited from the Australian population. Deaf participants completed an Auslan online survey that included the Auslan version of the PHQ-9 and a previously adapted measure, an Auslan version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21-Auslan). Hearing participants completed a written English version of the online survey. The Auslan version of the PHQ-9 demonstrated good internal reliability. Concurrent validity was established using the DASS-21-Auslan, with significant correlations found between the two measures. Principal components analysis identified a single factor structure for the Auslan PHQ-9. Differential item functioning was examined using a parametric technique (ordinal logistic regression) and a non-parametric kernel smoothing technique (TestGraf). No evidence of item bias was found. This research has provided promising results for an Auslan version of the PHQ-9 as a culturally appropriate measure for Auslan users. The Auslan PHQ-9 has the potential to provide mental health practitioners and researchers with a more accurate method of assessing and monitoring depression and depressive symptoms in deaf adults who are Auslan users.
- Description: Masters by Research
- Authors: Lake, Shane
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
- Full Text:
- Description: There is limited research into the prevalence of depression in the deaf population. Results are inconsistent and research has been hampered by the use of measures not specifically designed for individuals who are deaf. Deaf adults, who use Australian sign language (Auslan) to communicate, may not have the spoken and written language skills in English that are required to understand standard psychological measures. The aim of this research was to adapt and validate a measure of depression, the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), for deaf Auslan users. Following established guidelines, an Auslan version of the PHQ-9, that was conceptually equivalent to the original measure, was produced. A community sample of 34 deaf adults, who use Auslan to communicate, and 278 hearing adults, were recruited from the Australian population. Deaf participants completed an Auslan online survey that included the Auslan version of the PHQ-9 and a previously adapted measure, an Auslan version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21-Auslan). Hearing participants completed a written English version of the online survey. The Auslan version of the PHQ-9 demonstrated good internal reliability. Concurrent validity was established using the DASS-21-Auslan, with significant correlations found between the two measures. Principal components analysis identified a single factor structure for the Auslan PHQ-9. Differential item functioning was examined using a parametric technique (ordinal logistic regression) and a non-parametric kernel smoothing technique (TestGraf). No evidence of item bias was found. This research has provided promising results for an Auslan version of the PHQ-9 as a culturally appropriate measure for Auslan users. The Auslan PHQ-9 has the potential to provide mental health practitioners and researchers with a more accurate method of assessing and monitoring depression and depressive symptoms in deaf adults who are Auslan users.
- Description: Masters by Research