A review of analytical techniques and their application in disease diagnosis in breathomics and salivaomics research
- Beale, David, Jones, Oliver, Karpe, Avinash, Dayalan, Saravanan, Oh, Ding, Kouremenos, Konstantinos, Ahmed, Warish, Palombo, Enzo
- Authors: Beale, David , Jones, Oliver , Karpe, Avinash , Dayalan, Saravanan , Oh, Ding , Kouremenos, Konstantinos , Ahmed, Warish , Palombo, Enzo
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), p. 1-26
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The application of metabolomics to biological samples has been a key focus in systems biology research, which is aimed at the development of rapid diagnostic methods and the creation of personalized medicine. More recently, there has been a strong focus towards this approach applied to non-invasively acquired samples, such as saliva and exhaled breath. The analysis of these biological samples, in conjunction with other sample types and traditional diagnostic tests, has resulted in faster and more reliable characterization of a range of health disorders and diseases. As the sampling process involved in collecting exhaled breath and saliva is non-intrusive as well as comparatively low-cost and uses a series of widely accepted methods, it provides researchers with easy access to the metabolites secreted by the human body. Owing to its accuracy and rapid nature, metabolomic analysis of saliva and breath (known as salivaomics and breathomics, respectively) is a rapidly growing field and has shown potential to be effective in detecting and diagnosing the early stages of numerous diseases and infections in preclinical studies. This review discusses the various collection and analyses methods currently applied in two of the least used non-invasive sample types in metabolomics, specifically their application in salivaomics and breathomics research. Some of the salient research completed in this field to date is also assessed and discussed in order to provide a basis to advocate their use and possible future scientific directions. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Beale, David , Jones, Oliver , Karpe, Avinash , Dayalan, Saravanan , Oh, Ding , Kouremenos, Konstantinos , Ahmed, Warish , Palombo, Enzo
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), p. 1-26
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The application of metabolomics to biological samples has been a key focus in systems biology research, which is aimed at the development of rapid diagnostic methods and the creation of personalized medicine. More recently, there has been a strong focus towards this approach applied to non-invasively acquired samples, such as saliva and exhaled breath. The analysis of these biological samples, in conjunction with other sample types and traditional diagnostic tests, has resulted in faster and more reliable characterization of a range of health disorders and diseases. As the sampling process involved in collecting exhaled breath and saliva is non-intrusive as well as comparatively low-cost and uses a series of widely accepted methods, it provides researchers with easy access to the metabolites secreted by the human body. Owing to its accuracy and rapid nature, metabolomic analysis of saliva and breath (known as salivaomics and breathomics, respectively) is a rapidly growing field and has shown potential to be effective in detecting and diagnosing the early stages of numerous diseases and infections in preclinical studies. This review discusses the various collection and analyses methods currently applied in two of the least used non-invasive sample types in metabolomics, specifically their application in salivaomics and breathomics research. Some of the salient research completed in this field to date is also assessed and discussed in order to provide a basis to advocate their use and possible future scientific directions. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Metabolic profiling and in vitro assessment of anthelmintic fractions of Picria fel-terrae Lour
- Kumarasingha, Rasika, Karpe, Avinash, Preston, Sarah, Yeo, Tiong-Chia, Lim, Diana, Tu, Chu-Lee, Luu, Jennii, Simpson, Kaylene, Shaw, Jillian, Gasser, Robin, Beale, David, Morrison, Paul, Palombo, Enzo, Boag, Peter
- Authors: Kumarasingha, Rasika , Karpe, Avinash , Preston, Sarah , Yeo, Tiong-Chia , Lim, Diana , Tu, Chu-Lee , Luu, Jennii , Simpson, Kaylene , Shaw, Jillian , Gasser, Robin , Beale, David , Morrison, Paul , Palombo, Enzo , Boag, Peter
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance Vol. 6, no. 3 (2016), p. 171-178
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Anthelmintic resistance is widespread in gastrointestinal nematode populations, such that there is a consistent need to search for new anthelmintics. However, the cost of screening for new compounds is high and has a very low success rate. Using the knowledge of traditional healers from Borneo Rainforests (Sarawak, Malaysia), we have previously shown that some traditional medicinal plants are a rich source of potential new anthelmintic drug candidates. In this study, Picria fel-terrae Lour. plant extract, which has previously shown promising anthelmintic activities, was fractionated via the use of a solid phase extraction cartridge and each isolated fraction was then tested on free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. We found that a single fraction was enriched for nematocidal activity, killing ≥90% of C. elegans adults and inhibiting the motility of exsheathed L3 of H. contortus, while having minimal cytotoxic activity in mammalian cell culture. Metabolic profiling and chemometric analysis of the effective fraction indicated medium chained fatty acids and phenolic acids were highly represented. Image 1 •Chemical fractionation of Picria fel-terrae Lour. plant extract.•Anthelmintic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus.•Metabolic profiling and chemometric analysis of active fraction.•Active fraction has minimal mammalian cytotoxicity.
- Authors: Kumarasingha, Rasika , Karpe, Avinash , Preston, Sarah , Yeo, Tiong-Chia , Lim, Diana , Tu, Chu-Lee , Luu, Jennii , Simpson, Kaylene , Shaw, Jillian , Gasser, Robin , Beale, David , Morrison, Paul , Palombo, Enzo , Boag, Peter
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance Vol. 6, no. 3 (2016), p. 171-178
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Anthelmintic resistance is widespread in gastrointestinal nematode populations, such that there is a consistent need to search for new anthelmintics. However, the cost of screening for new compounds is high and has a very low success rate. Using the knowledge of traditional healers from Borneo Rainforests (Sarawak, Malaysia), we have previously shown that some traditional medicinal plants are a rich source of potential new anthelmintic drug candidates. In this study, Picria fel-terrae Lour. plant extract, which has previously shown promising anthelmintic activities, was fractionated via the use of a solid phase extraction cartridge and each isolated fraction was then tested on free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. We found that a single fraction was enriched for nematocidal activity, killing ≥90% of C. elegans adults and inhibiting the motility of exsheathed L3 of H. contortus, while having minimal cytotoxic activity in mammalian cell culture. Metabolic profiling and chemometric analysis of the effective fraction indicated medium chained fatty acids and phenolic acids were highly represented. Image 1 •Chemical fractionation of Picria fel-terrae Lour. plant extract.•Anthelmintic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus.•Metabolic profiling and chemometric analysis of active fraction.•Active fraction has minimal mammalian cytotoxicity.
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