A blockchain-based framework for automatic SLA management in fog computing environments
- Authors: Battula, Sudheer , Garg, Saurabh , Naha, Ranesh , Amin, Muhammad , Kang, Byeong , Aghasian, Erfan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Journal of supercomputing Vol. 78, no. 15 (2022), p. 16647-16677
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Fog computing has become a prominent paradigm in providing shared resources to serve different applications near the edge. Similar to other computing paradigms such as cloud and grid, in fog computing, service-level agreements (SLAs) are essential between fog providers and end-users to guarantee the quality of service (QoS). However, due to the unique characteristics of fog resources, such as being highly distributed and heterogeneous, with their dynamic nature having nonrestrictive provider participation, SLA management techniques and frameworks, which are available for Clouds and Grids, are not directly applicable. The availability of the resources in the cloud is much more controllable and predictable compared to fog. Moreover, due to the multiple ownership of fog infrastructure and unrestricted environment, autonomous end-devices are allowed to participate with different SLAs to serve the applications near the edge as a result is a lack of trust exists between the entities and managing and enforcing SLAs according to the application QoS in this environment is a complex task. Thus, the SLA management must be undertaken in a more trustworthy manner to ensure that agreement. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an automated SLA management framework for fog computing that utilizes Smart contracts and blockchain technology to monitor and enforce SLAs in a more trustworthy manner. The results obtained from the experiments, which were conducted in the blockchain private network, show that the framework can ensure precise and efficient SLAs enforcement in the fog. The performance of the proposed framework is better than existing work in terms of transaction cost and time.
Towards secure fog computing: A survey on trust management, privacy, authentication, threats and access control
- Authors: Patwary, Abdullah Al-Noman , Naha, Ranesh Kumar , Garg, Saurabh , Battula, Sudheer Kumar , Patwary, Md Anwarul Kaium , Aghasian, Erfan , Amin, Muhammad Bilal , Mahanti, Aniket , Gong, Mingwei
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Electronics Vol. 10, no. 10 (2021), p. 1171
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Fog computing is an emerging computing paradigm that has come into consideration for the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) applications amongst researchers and technology industries over the last few years. Fog is highly distributed and consists of a wide number of autonomous end devices, which contribute to the processing. However, the variety of devices offered across different users are not audited. Hence, the security of Fog devices is a major concern that should come into consideration. Therefore, to provide the necessary security for Fog devices, there is a need to understand what the security concerns are with regards to Fog. All aspects of Fog security, which have not been covered by other literature works, need to be identified and aggregated. On the other hand, privacy preservation for user’s data in Fog devices and application data processed in Fog devices is another concern. To provide the appropriate level of trust and privacy, there is a need to focus on authentication, threats and access control mechanisms as well as privacy protection techniques in Fog computing. In this paper, a survey along with a taxonomy is proposed, which presents an overview of existing security concerns in the context of the Fog computing paradigm. Moreover, the Blockchain-based solutions towards a secure Fog computing environment is presented and various research challenges and directions for future research are discussed.