Take me back…but to where? A content analysis of how countr e? A content analysis of how country of origin impacts on the authenticity of souvenirs
- Backer, Elisa, Zaveri, Moulik
- Authors: Backer, Elisa , Zaveri, Moulik
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 50th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association International conference, 25-27 June 2019, Melbourne, Australia Vol. 82
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Souvenirs are a popular commodity for purchase by tourists. Souvenirs can serve as an emotional connection for people to bring back fond memories of touristic experiences. They can also be gifts for friends and relatives to showcase and share touristic events when the tourist returns back home. In recent years, research has been undertaken on the importance of souvenirs and the aspect of authenticity. However, the relationship between country of origin, more specifically the ‘Made in...’ labels, and souvenirs has attracted little research interest. Importantly, despite the importance of souvenirs to tourism, a content analysis has not been undertaken. Such research seems important in order to guide future research and hold important implications for tourism practitioners. Accordingly, this research involves a content analysis of the relationship between authenticity and souvenirs. Key themes are highlighted and future research identified.
- Authors: Backer, Elisa , Zaveri, Moulik
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 50th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association International conference, 25-27 June 2019, Melbourne, Australia Vol. 82
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Souvenirs are a popular commodity for purchase by tourists. Souvenirs can serve as an emotional connection for people to bring back fond memories of touristic experiences. They can also be gifts for friends and relatives to showcase and share touristic events when the tourist returns back home. In recent years, research has been undertaken on the importance of souvenirs and the aspect of authenticity. However, the relationship between country of origin, more specifically the ‘Made in...’ labels, and souvenirs has attracted little research interest. Importantly, despite the importance of souvenirs to tourism, a content analysis has not been undertaken. Such research seems important in order to guide future research and hold important implications for tourism practitioners. Accordingly, this research involves a content analysis of the relationship between authenticity and souvenirs. Key themes are highlighted and future research identified.
VFR travellers: How long are they staying?
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference 2010: Adding value through research p. 494-507
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travellers is a substantial segment of tourism in many destinations around the world. However, relative to its size, research has been lacking; commencing only around twenty years ago, and gaining momentum only this century. Research into VFR traveller profiles and characteristics has been limited, and some of what has been done conflicts with other findings. One such component, which is important for destinations, is length of stay. Whilst some of the research has indicated that VFR travel is associated with long length of stay, other research indicates that it is more linked with shortbreak tourism. This research has considered this concept, for VFR travellers compared with non-VFR travellers at three contrasting destinations in Australia. Based on quantitative research using probability sampling, VFR travellers were compared to non-VFR travellers at the popular tourism destination, Sunshine Coast (south-eastern Queensland); the northern Queensland destination of Townsville; and the inland Victorian destination of Ballarat. Whilst the average length of stay varied between all three destinations, relative to non-VFR travellers, there was no significant difference between VFR and non-VFR travellers. Therefore, VFR travel was not found to be associated with either short or long stay at the three destinations considered. However, length of stay was greater, the more popular the destination is with tourists. As such, VFR travellers stay at more attractive destinations longer than at less attractive destinations, but not at any significantly different level to non- VFRs
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference 2010: Adding value through research p. 494-507
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travellers is a substantial segment of tourism in many destinations around the world. However, relative to its size, research has been lacking; commencing only around twenty years ago, and gaining momentum only this century. Research into VFR traveller profiles and characteristics has been limited, and some of what has been done conflicts with other findings. One such component, which is important for destinations, is length of stay. Whilst some of the research has indicated that VFR travel is associated with long length of stay, other research indicates that it is more linked with shortbreak tourism. This research has considered this concept, for VFR travellers compared with non-VFR travellers at three contrasting destinations in Australia. Based on quantitative research using probability sampling, VFR travellers were compared to non-VFR travellers at the popular tourism destination, Sunshine Coast (south-eastern Queensland); the northern Queensland destination of Townsville; and the inland Victorian destination of Ballarat. Whilst the average length of stay varied between all three destinations, relative to non-VFR travellers, there was no significant difference between VFR and non-VFR travellers. Therefore, VFR travel was not found to be associated with either short or long stay at the three destinations considered. However, length of stay was greater, the more popular the destination is with tourists. As such, VFR travellers stay at more attractive destinations longer than at less attractive destinations, but not at any significantly different level to non- VFRs
The relationship of VFR travellers with tourism industries
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at New Zealand Tourism & Hospitality Research Conference 2008: Re-creating Tourism, Hanmer Springs, New Zealand : 3rd-5th December 2008
- Full Text:
- Description: This research explores the extent to which hosts, local industries and destination regions influence VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives) travellers’ purpose of visit. Whilst VFR travellers are often assumed to travel for the purpose of visiting friends and relatives, this research, based in the Sunshine Coast Australia, indicates that VFR is only one reason that motivates VFR travellers to travel. The simplistic view that VFRs are travellers whose purpose of visit is only VFR is challenged by these research findings showing that 26.6% of visitors who stayed with friends and relatives stated a Non-VFR purpose of visit. Clearly, if purpose of visit is used as a sole measurement for considering the size of VFR travel then a significant portion of VFR travellers will be missed. Interestingly, visitors staying with relatives were more inclined than friends to be travelling with this purpose in mind. Whilst 80.6% of visitors staying with relatives reported VFR to be their purpose of visit, only 63.4% of visitors staying with friends were travelling for VFR purposes. VFR travellers were also found to be significantly more likely than Non-VFRs to rely on word of mouth than other sources in terms of planning their trip. As such, the role that the local host has in influencing, not only the purpose of trip to begin with, but the activities undertaken during the visit is also critical. This relationship that VFR travellers have with industries, the destination, and the host are all interlinked and can influence the purpose, or purposes, of the trip. A VFR purpose of visit model is proposed to explain the relationships between these elements, also demonstrating that VFR is only one type of purpose of visit amongst VFR travellers.
- Description: 2003006242
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at New Zealand Tourism & Hospitality Research Conference 2008: Re-creating Tourism, Hanmer Springs, New Zealand : 3rd-5th December 2008
- Full Text:
- Description: This research explores the extent to which hosts, local industries and destination regions influence VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives) travellers’ purpose of visit. Whilst VFR travellers are often assumed to travel for the purpose of visiting friends and relatives, this research, based in the Sunshine Coast Australia, indicates that VFR is only one reason that motivates VFR travellers to travel. The simplistic view that VFRs are travellers whose purpose of visit is only VFR is challenged by these research findings showing that 26.6% of visitors who stayed with friends and relatives stated a Non-VFR purpose of visit. Clearly, if purpose of visit is used as a sole measurement for considering the size of VFR travel then a significant portion of VFR travellers will be missed. Interestingly, visitors staying with relatives were more inclined than friends to be travelling with this purpose in mind. Whilst 80.6% of visitors staying with relatives reported VFR to be their purpose of visit, only 63.4% of visitors staying with friends were travelling for VFR purposes. VFR travellers were also found to be significantly more likely than Non-VFRs to rely on word of mouth than other sources in terms of planning their trip. As such, the role that the local host has in influencing, not only the purpose of trip to begin with, but the activities undertaken during the visit is also critical. This relationship that VFR travellers have with industries, the destination, and the host are all interlinked and can influence the purpose, or purposes, of the trip. A VFR purpose of visit model is proposed to explain the relationships between these elements, also demonstrating that VFR is only one type of purpose of visit amongst VFR travellers.
- Description: 2003006242
Visiting the Destination or Visiting us? A Look at VFR
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Tourism Futures National Conference, Gold Coast, Queensland : 2nd-4th June 2008
- Full Text:
- Description: Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Travel represents a large and significant component of tourism. However, despite this, VFR Travel has been largely ignored by tourism marketing practitioners, and has remained under-researched in many domains. VFR Travel tends to be overlooked in tourism marketing campaigns, in part because these travellers have been regarded as ones who cannot be influenced, and in part because of their perceived minimal economic impact. However, VFR travellers are not always attracted solely by the hosts. The attractiveness of the destination can also have an influencing role on VFR trips. Whilst little research has been done to examine these issues, this paper utilises a whole tourism systems model to examine the linkages between VFR travellers and destination regions. A comparative analysis compares VFR research undertaken in two different regions in Australia. Through this approach, it is shown that VFRs are often influenced to embark on VFR trips because of the attractiveness of a destination. As such, whilst any region can attract VFRs because of the hosts, the attractiveness of a region as a tourist destination can influence the length of stay and visitor spend and, as such, enhance the impact of VFR Travel on a local economy.
- Description: 2003006296
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Tourism Futures National Conference, Gold Coast, Queensland : 2nd-4th June 2008
- Full Text:
- Description: Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Travel represents a large and significant component of tourism. However, despite this, VFR Travel has been largely ignored by tourism marketing practitioners, and has remained under-researched in many domains. VFR Travel tends to be overlooked in tourism marketing campaigns, in part because these travellers have been regarded as ones who cannot be influenced, and in part because of their perceived minimal economic impact. However, VFR travellers are not always attracted solely by the hosts. The attractiveness of the destination can also have an influencing role on VFR trips. Whilst little research has been done to examine these issues, this paper utilises a whole tourism systems model to examine the linkages between VFR travellers and destination regions. A comparative analysis compares VFR research undertaken in two different regions in Australia. Through this approach, it is shown that VFRs are often influenced to embark on VFR trips because of the attractiveness of a destination. As such, whilst any region can attract VFRs because of the hosts, the attractiveness of a region as a tourist destination can influence the length of stay and visitor spend and, as such, enhance the impact of VFR Travel on a local economy.
- Description: 2003006296
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