List of Titles

Associations between helmet use and brain injuries amongst injured pedal- and motor-cyclists: A case series analysis of trauma centre presentations

- McIntosh, Andrew, Curtis, Kate, Rankin, Tiffany, Cox, Marie, Pang, Toh Yen, McCrory, Paul, Finch, Caroline

Authors: McIntosh, Andrew , Curtis, Kate , Rankin, Tiffany , Cox, Marie , Pang, Toh Yen , McCrory, Paul , Finch, Caroline
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety Vol. 24, no. 2 (April 2013), p. 11-20
Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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Description: Abstract: A retrospective case-series study of pedal- and motorcyclists presenting to a major metropolitan trauma centre over an 18 month period was undertaken. The injury data were coded according to a number of outcome variables, including intracranial injury of AIS severity >/= 2. Helmet use was coded. After stratification by rider type, data were analysed to examine the relationships between helmet use and injury using logistic regression. A total of 220 injured motorcycle riders and 137 injured pedal cyclists met the study's inclusion criteria, with 195 motorcycle riders and passengers (88.6%) and 87 pedal cyclists (63.5%) wearing helmets. Helmets were associated with a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the likelihood of head and intracranial injury in both rider groups. Associated with helmet use was a reduction in intracranial injury likelihood of 66% for both helmeted motorcycle riders and pedal cyclists. The study is further evidence of the benefits offered by helmets.

Associations between psychosocial well-being and the development of beneficial time perspectives

- Temple, Elizabeth

Authors: Temple, Elizabeth
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica Vol. V1, no. 152 (2013), p. 72-87
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Description: A growing body of research suggests that some time perspective orientations are more beneficial than others with regard to well-being. However, little is known about the factors affecting the development of these time perspectives. This gap in the research was addressed through two studies. Study 1 (N = 218; M = 29.8 years, SD = 11.45) identified ZTPI past positive (PP) as a beneficial time perspective and past negative (PN) as a detrimental time perspective. Structural equation modelling was then used in Study 2 (N = 443; M = 31.2 years, SD = 13.0) to develop two models of the associations between attachment orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction and PP and PN, respectively. While anxious and avoidant attachment orientation were associated with both PP and PN, the three basic psychological needs were differentially associated. The findings of these studies suggest the importance of early childhood care to the development of beneficial time perspectives.

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At last count : Engineering undergraduates in 21st Century Australia

- Dobson, Ian

Authors: Dobson, Ian
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol. 10, no. 4 (2013), p. 253-257
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Description: The number of enrolments in undergraduate programmes in engineering has grown at more than the national average this century. The main areas of enrolment growth in Australian higher education have been of women and overseas students, and the latter group has been particularly relevant in the case in engineering. The analysis undertaken for this article is based on statistical data from the ministry responsible for Australia's tertiary education. However, women remain underrepresented in engineering programmes, and there is a risk that the high proportion of overseas students means that Australia is exporting engineering talent at a cost to the development of its own knowledge-intensive labour force. © 2012 WIETE.
Description: 2003010825

Attitudes, implementation and practice of family presence during resuscitation (FPDR): a quantitative literature review

- Porter, Joanne, Cooper, Simon J., Sellick, Kenneth

Authors: Porter, Joanne , Cooper, Simon J. , Sellick, Kenneth
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Emergency Nursing Vol. 21, no. 1 (2013), p. 26-34
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Description: Aim To undertake a review of the quantitative research literature, to determine emergency staff and public attitudes, to support the implementation and practice of family presence during resuscitation in the emergency department. Background FPDR although endorsed by numerous resuscitation councils, cardiac, trauma and emergency associations, continues to be topical, the extent to which it is implemented and practiced remains unclear. Review methods A review of the quantitative studies published between 1992 and October 2011 was undertaken using the following databases: CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PSYCHINFO, Pro-Quest, Theses Database, Cochrane, and Google Scholar search engine. The primary search terms were ‘family presence’, and ‘resuscitation’. The final studies included in this paper were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria. Results Fourteen studies were included in this literature review. These included quantitative descriptive designs, pre and post-test designs and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). The studies were divided into three main research areas; investigation of emergency staff attitudes and opinions, family and general public attitudes, and four papers evaluating family presence programs in the emergency department. Studies published prior to 2000 were included in the background. Conclusion FPDR in the emergency department is well recognised and documented among policy makers, the extent in which it is implemented and practiced remains unclear. Further research is needed to assess how emergency staff are educated and trained in order to facilitate family presence during resuscitation attempts.

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Attribute weighted Naive Bayes classifier using a local optimization

- Taheri, Sona, Yearwood, John, Mammadov, Musa, Seifollahi, Sattar

Authors: Taheri, Sona , Yearwood, John , Mammadov, Musa , Seifollahi, Sattar
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Neural Computing & Applications Vol.24, no.5 (2013), p.995-1002
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Description: The Naive Bayes classifier is a popular classification technique for data mining and machine learning. It has been shown to be very effective on a variety of data classification problems. However, the strong assumption that all attributes are conditionally independent given the class is often violated in real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed in order to improve the performance of the Naive Bayes classifier by alleviating the attribute independence assumption. However, violation of the independence assumption can increase the expected error. Another alternative is assigning the weights for attributes. In this paper, we propose a novel attribute weighted Naive Bayes classifier by considering weights to the conditional probabilities. An objective function is modeled and taken into account, which is based on the structure of the Naive Bayes classifier and the attribute weights. The optimal weights are determined by a local optimization method using the quasisecant method. In the proposed approach, the Naive Bayes classifier is taken as a starting point. We report the results of numerical experiments on several real-world data sets in binary classification, which show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Authorship analysis of aliases: Does topic influence accuracy?

- Layton, Robert, Watters, Paul, Dazeley, Richard

Authors: Layton, Robert , Watters, Paul , Dazeley, Richard
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Natural Language Engineering Vol. Online first, no. (2013), p.
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Description: Aliases play an important role in online environments by facilitating anonymity, but also can be used to hide the identity of cybercriminals. Previous studies have investigated this alias matching problem in an attempt to identify whether two aliases are shared by an author, which can assist with identifying users. Those studies create their training data by randomly splitting the documents associated with an alias into two sub-aliases. Models have been built that can regularly achieve over 90% accuracy for recovering the linkage between these ‘random sub-aliases’. In this paper, random sub-alias generation is shown to enable these high accuracies, and thus does not adequately model the real-world problem. In contrast, creating sub-aliases using topic-based splitting drastically reduces the accuracy of all authorship methods tested. We then present a methodology that can be performed on non-topic controlled datasets, to produce topic-based sub-aliases that are more difficult to match. Finally, we present an experimental comparison between many authorship methods to see which methods better match aliases under these conditions, finding that local n-gram methods perform better than others.

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Automated unsupervised authorship analysis using evidence accumulation clustering

- Layton, Robert, Watters, Paul, Dazeley, Richard

Authors: Layton, Robert , Watters, Paul , Dazeley, Richard
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Natural Language Engineering Vol. 19, no. 1 (2013), p. 95-120
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Description: Authorship Analysis aims to extract information about the authorship of documents from features within those documents. Typically, this is performed as a classification task with the aim of identifying the author of a document, given a set of documents of known authorship. Alternatively, unsupervised methods have been developed primarily as visualisation tools to assist the manual discovery of clusters of authorship within a corpus by analysts. However, there is a need in many fields for more sophisticated unsupervised methods to automate the discovery, profiling and organisation of related information through clustering of documents by authorship. An automated and unsupervised methodology for clustering documents by authorship is proposed in this paper. The methodology is named NUANCE, for n-gram Unsupervised Automated Natural Cluster Ensemble. Testing indicates that the derived clusters have a strong correlation to the true authorship of unseen documents. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.
Description: 2003010584

Automatic extraction of building roofs using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery

- Awrangjeb, Mohammad, Zhang, Chunsun, Fraser, Clive

Authors: Awrangjeb, Mohammad , Zhang, Chunsun , Fraser, Clive
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Vol. 83, no. (2013), p. 1-18
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Description: Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates.

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Autonomic cardiovascular response to acute hypoxia and passive head-up tilting in humans

- Brown, Stephen, Raman, Aaron, Barnes, Matthew, Mündel, Toby

Authors: Brown, Stephen , Raman, Aaron , Barnes, Matthew , Mündel, Toby
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: European Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 113, no. 7 (2013), p. 1731-1736
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Description: Acute hypoxia may alter autonomic cardiovascular reflexes during orthostasis. Heart rate variability (HRV), arterial blood pressure (MAP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded during supine (SUP) and passive head up tilt (HUT) in eight healthy humans, spontaneously breathing either room air or 10 % O2 in N2. In the time domain, heart rate increased and variability decreased with HUT in both trials, with no difference between trials. In the frequency domain, normalized low frequency HRV increased, and normalized high frequency HRV decreased with HUT in both trials, with no difference between trials. MAP was 74.9 (8.6) and 77.5 (11.7) mmHg when SUP in the room air and hypoxia trials, respectively. A significant increase in MAP occurred with HUT in the room air trial but not in the hypoxia trial. In both trials, end tidal CO2 decreased with HUT, with no difference between trials. In the room air trial, end tidal O2 increased with HUT, whereas during the hypoxia trial, end tidal O2 decreased with HUT. The distribution of heart beats relative to the phase of ventilation (%HB IN and %HBOUT) was similar in both trials: the %HB IN was 43.5 (3.3) % and %HBOUT was 56.5 (4.2) % breathing room air when SUP, and 45.5 (3.0) and 54.5 (3.2) when hypoxic and SUP. For both trials, this distribution did not change with HUT. As both HRV and RSA showed similar responses to HUT when spontaneously breathing either room air or 10 % O2 in N2, we suggest that autonomic cardiovascular reflexes are preserved during acute hypoxia. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Description: 2003011125

Backbreak prediction in the Chadormalu iron mine using artificial neural network

- Monjezi, Masoud, Ahmadi, Zabiholla, Yazdian-Varjani, Ali, Khandelwal, Manoj

Authors: Monjezi, Masoud , Ahmadi, Zabiholla , Yazdian-Varjani, Ali , Khandelwal, Manoj
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Neural Computing and Applications Vol. 23, no. 3-4 (2013), p. 1101-1107
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Description: Backbreak is one of the unfavorable blasting results, which can be defined as the unwanted rock breakage behind the last row of blast holes. Blast pattern parameters, like stemming, burden, delay timing, stiffness ratio (bench height/burden) and rock mass conditions (e.g., geo-mechanical properties and joints), are effective in backbreak intensity. Till date, with the exception of some qualitative guidelines, no specific method has been developed for predicting the phenomenon. In this paper, an effort has been made to apply artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting backbreak in the blasting operation of the Chadormalu iron mine (Iran). Number of ANN models with different hidden layers and neurons were tried, and it was found that a network with architecture 10-7-7-1 is the optimum model. A comparative study also approved the superiority of the ANN modeling over the conventional regression analysis. Mean square error (MSE), variance account for (VAF) and coefficient of determination (R 2) between measured and predicted backbreak for the ANN model were calculated and found 89.46 %, 0.714 and 90.02 %, respectively. Also, for the regression model, MSE, VAF and R 2 were computed and found 66.93 %, 1.46 and 68.10 %, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to find out the influence of each input parameter on backbreak results, and it was revealed that burden is the most influencing parameter on the backbreak, whereas water content is the least effective parameter in this regard. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Behaviour of brittle material in multiple loading rates under uniaxial compression

- Khandelwal, Manoj, Ranjith, Pathegama

Authors: Khandelwal, Manoj , Ranjith, Pathegama
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Vol. 31, no. 4 (2013), p. 1305-1315
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Description: It is of great importance to investigate the effect of loading rate on the behaviour of brittle material such as concrete and rock because engineering structures are subjected to multiple loading conditions. Although material behaviour under single loading mode has been extensively studied, very limited research has been conducted to investigate the performance of brittle materials subjected to varying loading conditions. This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of single and multiple strain rates (ε) on cement mortar samples. The first set of samples was loaded at constant strain rates until failure. For the remaining samples, the first strain rate (0.005 mm/s) was applied to the sample up to a predetermined load, and then the second strain was initiated immediately by using the specially-designed gear system in place in the compression rig. As expected, the increase in strain rate showed an increase in peak strength of the sample with reduced ultimate strain. For multiple strain modes, it was observed that the highest peak strength occurred when the second strain was applied at 50 % of the peak strength of the first strain. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

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Beyond the walls: Sites of trauma and suffering, forgotten Australians and institutionalisation via punitive 'welfare'

- Wilson, Jacqueline

Authors: Wilson, Jacqueline
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Public History Review Vol. 20, no. (2013), p. 80-93
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Description: Women’s and children’s welfare and institutionalisation are a neglected area of Australian public history, and the historic sites which operated as carceral venues within that field today stand largely forgotten, in many cases derelict. The prime example of such sites is the Parramatta Female Factory Precinct (PFFP). In practice, Australian women’s and children’s welfare was strongly focused on a punitive approach, resulting in many thousands of vulnerable people suffering significant harm at the hands of their ‘carers’. These victims comprise the group known as the ‘Forgotten Australians’. The article discusses the nature of the relationship between the historic sites and the narratives of individuals who were victims of the system, whether actually incarcerated or merely threatened with such. As a form of case study, the author’s own story of State wardship and her encounters with the welfare system is employed to illustrate the connections between the ‘generic’ stories embodied in the sites, the policies underlying the system, and the nature of institutionalisation. It is argued that immersion in the system can induce a form of institutionalisation in individuals even when they are not actually incarcerated. The effective omission of women’s and children’s welfare and the Forgotten Australians from the forthcoming national Australian Curriculum in History is discussed, with a focus on the potential of the PFFP to be developed as a public history venue emphasizing its educational possibilities as an excursion destination, and a source of public information on the field from convict settlement to the present day.

Big five personality traits, job satisfaction and subjective wellbeing in China

- Zhai, Qingguo, Willis, Mike, O'Shea, Bob, Zhai, Yubo, Yang, Yuwen

Authors: Zhai, Qingguo , Willis, Mike , O'Shea, Bob , Zhai, Yubo , Yang, Yuwen
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal of Psychology Vol. 48, no. 6 (December 2013), p. 1099-1108
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Description: This paper examines the effect of the Big Five personality traits on job satisfaction and subjective wellbeing (SWB). The paper also examines the mediating role of job satisfaction on the Big Five-SWB relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 818 urban employees from five Chinese cities: Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, and Fushun. All the study variables were measured with well-established multi-item scales that have been validated both in English-speaking populations and in China. The study found only extraversion to have an effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that there could be cultural difference in the relationships between the Big Five and job satisfaction in China and in the West. The study found that three factors in the Big Fiveextraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticismhave an effect on SWB. This finding is similar to findings in the West, suggesting convergence in the relationship between the Big Five and SWB in different cultural contexts. The research found that only the relationship between extraversion and SWB is partially mediated by job satisfaction, implying that the effect of the Big Five on SWB is mainly direct, rather than indirect via job satisfaction. The study also found that extraversion was the strongest predictor of both job satisfaction and SWB. This finding implies that extraversion could be more important than other factors in the Big Five in predicting job satisfaction and SWB in a high collectivism and high power distance country such as China. The research findings are discussed in the Chinese cultural context. The study also offers suggestions on the directions for future research.
Description: C1

Biology and key to the Australian species of Hypogastura and Ceratophysella (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)

- Ireson, John, Skarzynski, Dariusz, Greenslade, Penelope

Authors: Ireson, John , Skarzynski, Dariusz , Greenslade, Penelope
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Austral Entomology Vol. 53, no. 74 (2013), p. 53-74
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Description: The family Hypogastruridae is represented by nine genera in Australia, three of which: Mesogastrura Bonet, Hypogastrura Bourlet and Ceratophysella Börner, consist only of species that have been probably introduced from Europe within the last 250 years, with the exception of a new species described here. All species in these three genera are typical of, and abundant in, disturbed habitats. The 11 species currently recorded from Australia in Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella are C. communis (Folsom, 1897), C. denticulata (Bagnall, 1941), C. gibbosa (Bagnall, 1940), C. succinea (Gisin, 1949), Hypogastrura assimilis (Krausbauer, 1898), H. distincta (Axelson, 1902), H. manubrialis (Tullberg, 1869), H. purpurescens (Lubbock, 1867, H. vernalis (Carl, 1901) and H. viatica (Tullberg, 1872), and a new species C. pauciseta sp. nov. Ceratophysella communis was misidentified in some published literature as C. engadinensis Gisin, 1949. Although C. communis is confirmed as occurring in Australia, there now seems to be no evidence that C. engadinensis occurs here, and the name H. denticulata may include more than one species. An illustrated dichotomous key and description is given here for all Australian species of Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella, and their distributions and habitats documented. Their value as indicators of disturbed habitats in Australia is discussed. Collembola in general have been shown to have a positive influence on nutrient cycling. It is not known what contribution Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella make to Australian arable and grazing systems in this respect, but it may be considerable because of their abundance.

Blurring the boundaries : From relational learning towards a critical pedagogy of engagement for disengaged disadvantaged young people

- Smyth, John, McInerney, Peter, Fish, Tim

Authors: Smyth, John , McInerney, Peter , Fish, Tim
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Pedagogy, Culture and Society Vol. 21, no. 2 (2013), p. 299-320
Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP100100045
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Description: This paper tackles what is arguably the most pervasive and pressing educational issue confronting affluent Western countries - the disengagement, disconnection and tragic displacement from schooling of increasing numbers of young people, mostly those from backgrounds of disadvantage. Despite enormous policy efforts, this 'problem' is proving impossible to dislodge from within the existing educational policy paradigm that appears to be exacerbating the problem. This paper explores theoretically and practically what alternative attempts might look like that start from within the lives and experiences of those most affected, young people as well as their teachers, and it explores what some research 'portraits' look like from 'inside' the existential realities of these complexities. Employing the heuristics of 'new mobilities', the paper looks at some alternative ways of locating 'new social spaces' from which to re-engage and re-connect these young people with learning, and with some effect. The paper is sanguine about the extensive work yet to be done, and in this regard it proffers some thoughts on the unfinished business of what it terms a 'critical pedagogy of engagement'. © 2013 Copyright Pedagogy, Culture & Society.
Description: 2003011131

Bogdanov-takens singularity in tri-neuron network with time delay

- He, Xing, Li, Chuandong, Huang, Tingwen, Li, Chaojie

Authors: He, Xing , Li, Chuandong , Huang, Tingwen , Li, Chaojie
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems Vol. 24, no. 6 (2013), p. 1001-1007
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Description: This brief reports a retarded functional differential equation modeling tri-neuron network with time delay. The Bogdanov-Takens (B-T) bifurcation is investigated by using the center manifold reduction and the normal form method. We get the versal unfolding of the norm forms at the B-T singularity and show that the model can exhibit pitchfork, Hopf, homoclinic, and double-limit cycles bifurcations. Some numerical simulations are given to support the analytic results and explore chaotic dynamics. Finally, an algorithm is given to show that chaotic tri-neuron networks can be used for encrypting a color image. © 2012 IEEE.
Description: 2003011033

Breaking wave-induced response of composite breakwater and liquefaction in seabed foundation

- Jianhong, Ye, Dongsheng, Jeng, Liu, Peng, Chan, Andrew, Changqi, Zhu

Authors: Jianhong, Ye , Dongsheng, Jeng , Liu, Peng , Chan, Andrew , Changqi, Zhu
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Coastal Engineering Vol. 86, no. (2013), p.
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Description: In the practice of engineering, breaking wave is much more dangerous for the stability of composite breakwater built on porous seabed than non-breaking wave in offshore area. In previous investigations or design codes, the empirical formulations generally were adopted to estimate the wave impact acting on the lateral side of caisson. The interaction between breaking wave, seabed foundation and composite breakwater is not taken into consideration. In this study, adopting the integrated numerical model PORO-WSSI 2D developed by (Ye, 2012a) and (Jeng et al., 2013), the interaction mechanism between breaking wave, seabed foundation and composite breakwater is investigated numerically. In PORO-WSSI 2D,the Volume-Averaged Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (VARANS) equations govern the wave motion and the porous flow in seabed foundation and in rubble mound; and the dynamic Biot's equations (known as “u-p” approximation) govern the dynamic behaviors of seabed foundation and composite breakwater under breaking wave loading. Numerical analysis indicates that the turbulent energy of breaking wave is significant, and the wave impact on caisson applied by breaking wave is much greater than non-breaking wave. The composite breakwater and its seabed foundation respond to the breaking wave loading intensively. The maximum horizontal vibration magnitude of the composite breakwater is up to 5 mm; the maximum liquefaction depth in the seabed in front of the composite breakwater reaches up to 1.2 to 1.6 m. The parametric study shows that the permeability and saturation of seabed, wave height are three dominant factors for the wave-induced liquefaction in seabed foundatio

Bridging socio-cultural incongruity: conceptualising the success of students from low socio-economic status backgrounds in Australian higher education

- Devlin, Marcia

Authors: Devlin, Marcia
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Studies in Higher Education Vol. 38, no. 6 (2013), p. 939-949
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Description: This article examines the conceptual frames that might be used to consider the success and achievement of students from low socio-economic status in Australian higher education. Based on an examination of key literature from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and North America, it is argued that Australia should avoid adopting either a deficit conception of students from low socio-economic backgrounds or a deficit conception of the institutions into which they will move. Further, rather than it being the primary responsibility of the student or of the institution to change to ensure the success of these students, it is argued that the adjustments necessary to ensure achievement for students from low socio-economic backgrounds in Australian higher education would be most usefully conceptualised as a ‘joint venture’ toward bridging socio-cultural incongruity.

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