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Observations of caregiver supervision of children at beaches : Identification of factors associated with high supervision

- Petrass, Lauren, Blitvich, Jennifer, Finch, Caroline

  • Authors: Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer , Finch, Caroline
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 17, no. 4 (2011), p. 244-249
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565904
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  • Description: Objective: To identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision levels at beaches. Methods: Children (aged 1-14 years) engaged in beach play and their caregivers were observed at Australian beaches during September-April, 2008/09. Caregiver, child, and environmental factor data were collected and recorded on a validated observation instrument. The main outcome of interest was a continuous measure of supervision. After adjusting for potential clustering by beach/state, multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision. Results: Four independent predictors of supervision and one interaction effect (child age by the caregiver and child position on beach) were identified. Caregivers who were supervising from a different position to where the child was playing were less likely to provide high supervision, as were older caregivers (>35 years) compared to younger caregivers (≤34 years). Compared to children playing alone, children playing with one, or two or more others were less likely to receive high supervision, and children aged 1-4 years were likely to receive higher supervision than older children. Conclusion: This study provides new knowledge about underlying factors associated with the level of caregiver supervision in beach settings. Future studies should continue to explore independent predictors of supervision so that effective programmes, which focus on caregiver supervision, can be targeted to address poor supervision practices.

Self-presentation origins of choking: Evidence from separate pressure manipulations

- Mesagno, Christopher, Harvey, Jack, Janelle, Christopher

  • Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Harvey, Jack , Janelle, Christopher
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Vol. 33, no. 3 (2011), p. 441-459
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  • Description: Whether self-presentation is involved in the choking process remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of self-presentation concerns on the frequency of choking within the context of a recently proposed self-presentation model. Experienced field hockey players (N = 45) were randomly assigned to one of five groups (i.e., performance-contingent monetary incentive, video camera placebo, video camera self-presentation, audience, or combined pressure), before taking penalty strokes in low- and high-pressure phases. Results indicated that groups exposed to self-presentation manipulations experienced choking, whereas those receiving motivational pressure treatments decreased anxiety and increased performance under pressure. Furthermore, cognitive state anxiety mediated the relationship between the self-presentation group and performance. These findings provide quantitative support for the proposed self-presentation model of choking, while also holding implications for anxiety manipulations in future sport psychology research. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.

Statistical modelling of falls count data with excess zeros

- Khan, Asaduzzaman, Ullah, Shahid, Nitz, Jenny

  • Authors: Khan, Asaduzzaman , Ullah, Shahid , Nitz, Jenny
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 17, no. 4 (2011), p. 266-270
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  • Description: Objective To examine the appropriateness of different statistical models in analysing falls count data. Methods Six count models (Poisson, negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero-inflated NB (ZINB), hurdle Poisson (HP) and hurdle NB (HNB)) were used to analyse falls count data. Empirical evaluation of the competing models was performed using model selection criteria and goodness-of-fit through simulation. Data used were from a prospective cohort study of women aged 40-80 years. Results Of the 465 women analysed, 330 (71%) did not fall at all. The analyses identified strong evidence of overdispersion in the falls data. The NB-based regression models (HNB, ZINB, NB) were better performed than the Poisson-based regression models (Poisson, ZIP, HP). Vuong tests favoured the HNB model over the NB and ZINB models and the NB model over the ZINB model. Model accuracy measures and Monte Carlo simulation of goodness-of-fit confirmed the lack of fit of the Poissonbased regression models and demonstrated the best fit for the HNB model with comparable good fit for the ZINB and NB models. Conclusions Falls count data consisting of a considerable number of zeros can be appropriately modelled by the NBbased regression models, with the HNB model offering he best fit. The evaluation procedure presented in this aper provides a defensible guideline to appropriately odel falls or similar count data with excess zeros.

Supervision and assessment of the early childhood practicum: Experiences of pre-service teachers who speak English as a second language and their supervising teachers

- Ortlipp, Michelle, Nuttall, Joce

  • Authors: Ortlipp, Michelle , Nuttall, Joce
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Early Childhood Vol. 36, no. 2 (June 2011 2011), p. 87-94
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  • Description: Findings are reported from the third phase of a small exploratory study that aimed to understand how pre-service teachers from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds, and those who supervise them in early childhood settings, experience practicum assessment, and the extent to which practicum assessment takes into account pre-service teacher diversity. Discourse analysis (Foucault, 1972), applied to interviews with pre-service teachers and supervising teachers, revealed a persistent 'discourse of denial' of cultural difference on the part of supervising teachers, who nevertheless genuinely attempted to negotiate the inevitable challenges posed by the supervision of CALD pre-service teachers. The paper concludes that supervising teachers were at pains to produce and perpetuate a liberal humanist discourse within which all human beings are 'the same' or should be equal, even as they attempted to recognise CALD pre-service teachers' learning styles and needs.

Synthetic impact response functions for flood vulnerability analysis and adaptation measures in coastal zones under changing climatic conditions: a case study in Gippsland coastal region, Australia

- Dutta, Dushmanta, Wright, Wendy, Rayment, Philip

  • Authors: Dutta, Dushmanta , Wright, Wendy , Rayment, Philip
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Natural Hazards Vol. 59, no. 2 (2011), p. 967-986
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  • Description: There is an increasing concern that the current management practices for many coastal regions are unsustainable. Very few countries have planned to deal with the exacerbation of environmental decline in the face of sea level rise. It is therefore necessary to assess socioeconomic and environmental impacts of sea level rises to better understand the vulnerability of coastal zones, as part of devising adaptive and integrated management principles. This paper presents a systematic approach by which relevant stakeholders can be actively engaged in prioritising flood impact issues and deriving information for quantification of impacts for adaptation measures and demonstrates the approach through implementation in the Gippsland coastal region. As outcomes of the project, we have identified key issues of concern for this region for flood impacts and constructed synthetic response functions for quantification of impacts of floods on some of the key issues in the region. The analysis also showed that stakeholders consider that some of the issues are not likely to be significantly affected by floods and thus may not require adaptation measures. The analysis did not provide high agreement on some issues. Different approaches are required to assess the importance of these issues and to establish impact response functions for them.

The importance of the psychological contract for effective learning in apprenticeships

- Smith, Erica, Walker, Arlene, Kemmis, Ros Brennan

Training postgraduate psychology students to deliver psychological services online

- Shandley, Kerrie, Klein, Britt, Kyrios, Michael, Austin, David, Ciechomski, Lisa, Murray, Greg

  • Authors: Shandley, Kerrie , Klein, Britt , Kyrios, Michael , Austin, David , Ciechomski, Lisa , Murray, Greg
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian psychologist Vol. 46, no. 2 (2011), p. 120-125
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  • Description: Information and communication technologies are increasingly being used to remotely deliver psychological services. This delivery method confers clear advantages to both client and therapist, including the accessibility of services by otherwise unserved populations and cost-effective treatment. Remote services can be delivered in a real-time or delayed manner, providing clients with a wealth of therapy options not previously available. The proliferation of these services has outstripped the development and implementation of all but the most rudimentary of regulatory frameworks, potentially exposing clients to substandard psychological services. Integrating mandatory training on the delivery of online psychological services into accredited postgraduate psychology courses would aid in addressing this issue. The purpose of this article is to outline issues of consideration in the development and implementation of such a training programme. An online etherapy training programme developed by Swinburne University's National eTherapy Centre will be used as an example throughout.

Updating the international research agenda for sport injury prevention

- Finch, Caroline

  • Authors: Finch, Caroline
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Editorial , Journal article
  • Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 17, no. 4 (August 2011 2011), p. 217-218
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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  • Description: The International Olympic Committee's World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, the third in a series of triennial international conferences, was held in Monaco in April 2011. This conference is now the leading research event for many sports injury prevention and sports medicine researchers, and was well attended by over 940 delegates from 85 countries. A particularly pleasing part of the programme was the large emphasis of a number of sessions (including a keynote, several symposia and proffered papers) on the primary prevention of sports injuries, particularly issues relating to the delivery, implementation and uptake of preventive measures in this important context of injury. Abstracts from this meeting have been published in the April Injury Prevention and Health Promotion issue of the British Journal of Sports Medicine (http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/4.toc) and online presentations are available for viewing at the conference website (http://www.ioc-preventionconference.org/).

A comparison of different pre-performance routines as possible choking interventions

- Mesagno, Christopher, Mullane-Grant, Thomas

  • Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Mullane-Grant, Thomas
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology Vol. 22, no. 3 (2010), p. 343-360
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  • Description: The purpose of the current study was to ascertain which aspect of a pre-performance routine (PPR) is most beneficial to alleviate choking. Participants included 60 experienced Australian football players in Australia, who attempted 20 kicks at a scoring zone in low- and high-pressure phases. Participants were assigned to one of five groups, with four groups undertaking intervention training and the pressure control group receiving no training, prior to the high-pressure phase. Results indicated that state anxiety increased during the high-pressure phase. Intervention groups responded to the increased anxiety with improved performance, while the pressure control group decreased performance. Thus, results add support to existing literature that a non-automated PPR, with psychological and behavioral components, decreases the likelihood of choking. Applied implications for consulting with potential choking-susceptible athletes are discussed. © Association for Applied Sport Psychology.

A comparison of the haptic and visual horizontal-vertical illusion

- Howell, Jacqui, Symmons, Mark, Wuillemin, Dianne

  • Authors: Howell, Jacqui , Symmons, Mark , Wuillemin, Dianne
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Haptics: Generating and Perceiving Tangible Sensations Vol. 2, p. 347-352
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  • Description: Participants attempted to create squares of four different sizes in two orientations in one of three modality conditions - physically adjusting a tangible template while blindfolded (haptic condition), directing the experimenter to adjust the template (vision condition), or adjusting the template themselves without the blindfold (mixed-mode condition). The side of square was robustly overestimated, resulting in a rectangle elongated in the horizontal direction - evidence for the horizontal-vertical illusion. There was no difference in the illusion’s strength as a function of modality conditions or orientation

A framework for the design and development of physical employment tests and standards

- Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack

  • Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Ergonomics Vol. 53, no. 7 (2010), p. 858-871
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  • Description: Because operational tasks in the uniformed services (military, police, fire and emergency services) are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury, employment policy in these services is usually competency based and predicated on objective physical employment standards (PESs) based on physical employment tests (PETs). In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the design of PETs and PESs is presented. Three broad approaches to physical employment testing are described and compared: generic predictive testing; task-related predictive testing; task simulation testing. Techniques for the selection of a set of tests with good coverage of job requirements, including job task analysis, physical demands analysis and correlation analysis, are discussed. Regarding individual PETs, theoretical considerations including measurability, discriminating power, reliability and validity, and practical considerations, including development of protocols, resource requirements, administrative issues and safety, are considered. With regard to the setting of PESs, criterion referencing and norm referencing are discussed. Statement of Relevance: This paper presents an integrated and coherent framework for the development of PESs and hence provides a much needed theoretically based but practically oriented guide for organisations seeking to establish valid and defensible PESs. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

A test of motor (not executive) planning in developmental coordination disorder and autism

- van Swieten, Lisa, van Bergen, Elsje, Williams, Justin, Wilson, Andrew, Plumb, Mandy, Kent, Samuel, Mon-Williams, Mark

  • Authors: van Swieten, Lisa , van Bergen, Elsje , Williams, Justin , Wilson, Andrew , Plumb, Mandy , Kent, Samuel , Mon-Williams, Mark
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance Vol. 36, no. 2 (2010), p. 493-499
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  • Description: Grip selection tasks have been used to test "planning" in both autism and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). We differentiate between motor and executive planning and present a modified motor planning task. Participants grasped a cylinder in 1 of 2 orientations before turning it clockwise or anticlockwise. The rotation resulted in a comfortable final posture at the cost of a harder initial reaching action on 50% of trials. We hypothesized that grip selection would be dominated by motoric developmental status. Adults were always biased towards a comfortable end-state with their dominant hand, but occasionally ended uncomfortably with their nondominant hand. Most 9- to 14-year-olds with and without autism also showed this "end-state comfort" bias but only 50% of 5- to 8-year-olds. In contrast, children with DCD were biased towards selecting the simplest initial movement. Our results are best understood in terms of motor planning, with selection of an easier initial grip resulting from poor reach-to-grasp control rather than an executive planning deficit. The absence of differences between autism and controls may reflect the low demand this particular task places on executive planning.

A therapist-assisted cognitive behavior therapy internet intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder: Pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up results from an open trial

- Klein, Britt, Mitchell, Joanna, Abbott, Jo-Anne, Shandley, Kerrie, Austin, David, Gilson, Kathryn, Kiropoulos, Litza, Cannard, Gwenda, Redman, Tomi

  • Authors: Klein, Britt , Mitchell, Joanna , Abbott, Jo-Anne , Shandley, Kerrie , Austin, David , Gilson, Kathryn , Kiropoulos, Litza , Cannard, Gwenda , Redman, Tomi
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Anxiety Disorders Vol. 24, no. 6 (2010), p. 635-644
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  • Description: This study was an open trial evaluation of a 10-week therapist-assisted cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) internet intervention (PTSD Online) undertaken with people with a primary clinical diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n= 22) at pre-assessment. Participants were re-assessed at post-assessment and 3-month follow-up. Significant improvements on PTSD severity ratings and related PTSD symptomatology were observed at post-assessment and maintained at 3-month follow-up. At post-assessment, 69.2% of the sample showed clinically significant improvement and 77% of the sample at follow-up assessment. Non-significant, yet improved, change was observed on all other general psychological measures. Overall, treatment satisfaction was good (69%), participant therapeutic alliance ratings were high (87.5%), and the average total therapist time required was 194.5. min. PTSD Online appears to be an efficacious treatment option for people with PTSD that can be provided entirely remotely, with far less therapist time than traditional face-to-face treatment, and without compromising therapeutic alliance. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms: Associations with Gray's and Tellegen's models of personality

- Gomez, Rapson, Corr, Philip

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Corr, Philip
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 49, no. 8 (2010), p. 902-906
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  • Description: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were examined in relation to three personality instruments: Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ); the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales; and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief (MPQ-BF) (N= 214). Results showed that IA was associated positively with Sensitivity to Punishment (in the SPSRQ), Negative Emotionality (in the MPQ-BF), and Behavioral Inhibition System (in the BIS/BAS scales). HI was associated positively with Sensitivity to Reward (in the SPSRQ), Reward Responsiveness and Drive (both in the BIS/BAS scales), and Positive Emotionality (in the MPQ-BF). Both IA and HI were associated negatively with Constraint (in the MPQ-BF), and HI was associated positively with Fun Seeking (in the BIS/BAS scales). These findings are interpreted in terms of the original and revised reinforcement sensitivity theories. © 2010.

Equivalency for father and mother ratings of the ADHD symptoms

- Gomez, Rapson

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 38, no. 3 (2010), p. 303-314
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  • Description: The study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedures to examine the measurement and construct equivalencies for father and mother ratings of ADHD symptoms, recoded as binary scores. Fathers (N = 387) and mothers (N = 411) rated their primary school-aged children on the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (Barkley & Murphy, 1998). For the multiple-group CFA analyses, the results involving differences in practical fit indices supported full measurement and construct equivalencies, whereas the chi-square difference test showed lack of equivalency in five symptoms for factor loadings, four symptoms for error variance, and the variance and mean scores for the hyperactivity-impulsivity factor. For the MIMIC analyses, six symptoms lacked equivalency for thresholds. These findings extend existing data in this area. The theoretical, psychometric and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Haptics can "lend a hand" to a bionic eye

- Richardson, Barry, Van Doorn, George

  • Authors: Richardson, Barry , Van Doorn, George
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Haptics: Generating and Perceiving Tangible Sensations p. 320-325
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  • Description: Here we argue that haptics (touch and kinaesthesis) can play a key role in the development of a bionic eye. Tactile displays can supplement and complement the incomplete information that a visual prosthetic will offer the brain in early stages of the prosthetic’s development. Kinaesthetic inputs give the brain feedback about motor activities that correlate with both visual and tactile inputs, and are critical for perceptual competency. Haptic inputs can also help “teach” the new visual sense to respond to stimuli that are initially indiscriminable and enable cross-calibration of inputs to strengthen multimodal cortical connections. By using haptics to supplement and complement inputs from a visual prosthetic, a bionic eye can develop more quickly than did the Bionic Ear.

Online alcohol interventions: A systematic review

- White, Angela, Kavanagh, David, Stallman, Helen, Klein, Britt, Kay-Lambkin, Frances, Proudfoot, Judith, Drennan, Judy, Connor, Jason, Baker, Amanda, Hines, Emily, Young, Ross

  • Authors: White, Angela , Kavanagh, David , Stallman, Helen , Klein, Britt , Kay-Lambkin, Frances , Proudfoot, Judith , Drennan, Judy , Connor, Jason , Baker, Amanda , Hines, Emily , Young, Ross
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Journal of Medical Internet Research Vol. 12, no. 5 (2010), p. e62p.1-e62p.12
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  • Description: Background: There has been a significant increase in the availability of online programs for alcohol problems. A systematic review of the research evidence underpinning these programs is timely. Objectives: Our objective was to review the efficacy of online interventions for alcohol misuse. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted for English abstracts (excluding dissertations) published from 1998 onward. Search terms were: (1) Internet, Web*; (2) online, computer *; (3) alcohol*; and (4) Eeffect *, trial*, random* (where * denotes a wildcard). Forward and backward searches from identified papers were also conducted. Articles were included if (1) the primary intervention was delivered and accessed via the Internet, (2) the intervention focused on moderating or stopping alcohol consumption, and (3) the study was a randomized controlled trial of an alcohol-related screen, assessment, or intervention. Results: The literature search initially yielded 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 17 of which met inclusion criteria. Of these 17 studies, 12 (70.6%) were conducted with university students, and 11 (64.7%) specifically focused on at-risk, heavy, or binge drinkers. Sample sizes ranged from 40 to 3216 (median 261), with 12 (70.6%) studies predominantly involving brief personalized feedback interventions. Using published data, effect sizes could be extracted from 8 of the 17 studies. In relation to alcohol units per week or month and based on 5 RCTs where a measure of alcohol units per week or month could be extracted, differential effect sizes to posttreatment ranged from 0.02 to 0.81 (mean 0.42, median 0.54). Pre-post effect sizes for brief personalized feedback interventions ranged from 0.02 to 0.81, and in 2 multi-session modularized interventions, a pre-post effect size of 0.56 was obtained in both. Pre-post differential effect sizes for peak blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ranged from 0.22 to 0.88, with a mean effect size of 0.66. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that users can benefit from online alcohol interventions and that this approach could be particularly useful for groups less likely to access traditional alcohol-related services, such as women, young people, and at-risk users. However, caution should be exercised given the limited number of studies allowing extraction of effect sizes, the heterogeneity of outcome measures and follow-up periods, and the large proportion of student-based studies. More extensive RCTs in community samples are required to better understand the efficacy of specific online alcohol approaches, program dosage, the additive effect of telephone or face-to-face interventions, and effective strategies for their dissemination and marketing.
  • Description: Background: There has been a significant increase in the availability of online programs for alcohol problems. A systematic review of the research evidence underpinning these programs is timely. Objectives: Our objective was to review the efficacy of online interventions for alcohol misuse. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted for English abstracts (excluding dissertations) published from 1998 onward. Search terms were: (1) Internet, Web*; (2) online, computer *; (3) alcohol*; and (4) E\effect *, trial*, random* (where * denotes a wildcard). Forward and backward searches from identified papers were also conducted. Articles were included if (1) the primary intervention was delivered and accessed via the Internet, (2) the intervention focused on moderating or stopping alcohol consumption, and (3) the study was a randomized controlled trial of an alcohol-related screen, assessment, or intervention. Results: The literature search initially yielded 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 17 of which met inclusion criteria. Of these 17 studies, 12 (70.6%) were conducted with university students, and 11 (64.7%) specifically focused on at-risk, heavy, or binge drinkers. Sample sizes ranged from 40 to 3216 (median 261), with 12 (70.6%) studies predominantly involving brief personalized feedback interventions. Using published data, effect sizes could be extracted from 8 of the 17 studies. In relation to alcohol units per week or month and based on 5 RCTs where a measure of alcohol units per week or month could be extracted, differential effect sizes to posttreatment ranged from 0.02 to 0.81 (mean 0.42, median 0.54). Pre-post effect sizes for brief personalized feedback interventions ranged from 0.02 to 0.81, and in 2 multi-session modularized interventions, a pre-post effect size of 0.56 was obtained in both. Pre-post differential effect sizes for peak blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ranged from 0.22 to 0.88, with a mean effect size of 0.66. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that users can benefit from online alcohol interventions and that this approach could be particularly useful for groups less likely to access traditional alcohol-related services, such as women, young people, and at-risk users. However, caution should be exercised given the limited number of studies allowing extraction of effect sizes, the heterogeneity of outcome measures and follow-up periods, and the large proportion of student-based studies. More extensive RCTs in community samples are required to better understand the efficacy of specific online alcohol approaches, program dosage, the additive effect of telephone or face-to-face interventions, and effective strategies for their dissemination and marketing.

Population-level estimates of child restraint practices among children aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia

- Brown, Julie, Hatfield, Julie, Du, Wei, Finch, Caroline, Bilston, Lynne

  • Authors: Brown, Julie , Hatfield, Julie , Du, Wei , Finch, Caroline , Bilston, Lynne
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Accident Analysis and Prevention Vol. 42, no. 6 (2010), p. 2144-2148
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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  • Description: This cross-sectional study provides population-referenced data on the restraints used and the extent of incorrect restraint use, among child vehicle passengers aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia. A multistage stratified cluster sampling plan was used to randomly select vehicles from baby/child health clinics, pre-schools/day care centres, and primary schools across NSW to undergo detailed inspection of restraints used by child occupants within those vehicles. Overall, there were very high restraint usage rates (>99% of sampled children) but fewer than one quarter of children were using the correct size-appropriate restraints. Incorrect use (51.4%) was as common as inappropriate use (51.2%). Incorrect use was highest among users of dedicated child restraint systems (OR 16.0, 95% CI 6.9-36.0), and was more likely among those using size-appropriate restraints than those using inappropriate restraints (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.1-3.2); and among convertible restraints than those designed for a single mode of use (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.2-1.7). As incorrect use substantially reduces the protection from injury that is offered by child restraints, it is important that future strategies to reduce casualties among child occupants target both inappropriate and incorrect use. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preferences for e-mental health services amongst an online Australian sample?

- Klein, Britt, Cook, Suellen

  • Authors: Klein, Britt , Cook, Suellen
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: E-Journal of Applied Psychology Vol. 6, no. 1 (2010), p. 39
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  • Description: This study explored whether differences exist between those who prefer using internet-based mental health services (e-preferers) in comparison to those who prefer traditional face-to-face mental health services (non e-preferers). Gender, age, level of education, relationship status, location of residence, country of birth, previous use of mental health services, specific e-mental health service concerns, perceptions of helpfulness and future use of mental health services were investigated. Two-hundred and eighteen Australians (female=165, male=53) with ages ranging from 18 to 80 (M=36.6, SD=14.5) accessed the online survey. Results indicated that although 77.1% of respondents preferred face-to-face services only 9.6% indicated they would not use e-mental health services. No differences were found between e-preferers and non e-preferers on any demographic variable and on previous mental health service usage, however, several differences regarding perceptions of helpfulness and future use of services and concerns about e-mental health services were observed. In addition, several individual difference variables (stigma, locus of control, learning styles and personality traits) were explored and found to differ between the two groups (stigma, locus of control and personality traits). These results may help inform the future direction of mental health services, including the need to increase public awareness regarding e-mental health services.

Psychological treatment for adolescent depression : Perspectives on the past, present, and future

- Hayes, Louise, Bach, Patricia, Boyd, Candice

  • Authors: Hayes, Louise , Bach, Patricia , Boyd, Candice
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Behaviour Change Vol. 27, no. 1 (2010), p. 1-18
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  • Description: The objective of this review is to summarise the evidence for mindfulness and acceptance approaches in the treatment of adolescent depression. The article begins by summarising the outcomes of three broad approaches to the treatment of adolescent depression - primary prevention, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy - in order to advocate for advances in treatment. With regard to psychotherapy, we restrict this to comparisons of meta-analytic studies, in order to cover the breadth of the outcome literature. In the second half of this article, we introduce the reader to mindfulness and acceptance-based psychotherapy, with a particular focus on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the applicability with adolescents. We provide an overview of the philosophical arguments that underlie this approach to psychotherapy and consider how each of these might contribute to treatment approaches for adolescents with depression.