Anti-stigma initiatives for mental health professionals—a systematic literature review
- Sreeram, Anju, Cross, Wendy, Townsin, Louise
- Authors: Sreeram, Anju , Cross, Wendy , Townsin, Louise
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Vol. 29, no. 4 (2022), p. 512-528
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: What is known on the subject?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness. There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives, such as education and training, may be effective in enhancing or maintaining positive attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Education and training that is designed and delivered around a specific mental health diagnosis or condition appears an appropriate strategy that could benefit mental health professionals to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of mental ill health and its impacts on individuals. Consumer involvement in the education and training of mental health professionals regarding the stigma of mental illness is recommended; however, this is an under-explored area of investigation. There is a weak evidence base regarding the long-term sustainability of effects from anti-stigma education and training. This should be addressed via further research in future. What are the implications for practices?: Anti-stigma initiatives can support mental health professionals to develop stigma-free, recovery-oriented practices in their work. Further, such initiatives can improve the provision of evidence-based quality care for the consumers, facilitating their recovery. Abstract: Introduction Despite an increasing focus on stigma, evidence shows prejudicial attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals still exist. It is suggested that anti-stigma initiatives can aid in enhancing the attitudes of mental health professionals. However, research on initiatives targeting stigma of mental illness among mental health professionals is limited. Aim To identify and analyse scientific literature pertaining to the effectiveness of anti-stigma initiatives regarding mental ill health among mental health professionals. Method A systematic literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Search engine and Google Scholar. The papers were limited to English language, published in peer-reviewed journals with full-text articles available and published between the years 2008 and 2020 to understand the most recent trends in the attitudes of mental health professionals including nurses. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to identify papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 439 papers were identified. However, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from selection. Three appraisers reviewed the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. Finally, eight unanimously accepted papers were included in the systematic review. Several effective anti-stigma initiatives were identified through the review, and these had positive impacts on mental health professionals’ attitudes towards mental illness, for at least a short period. It was identified that contact-based interventions are relevant and effective although the involvement of consumers and caregivers in the design and delivery of interventions was not explicitly addressed in detail in studies included in the review. Education strategies tailored for specific mental illness may be more appropriate, rather than approaches that refer to mental illness in general. Conclusions This review shows the evidence of pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness persists among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives identified in the selected papers were effective in changing these attitudes. Future research should be focused on the effectiveness of contact-based interventions and understanding the longer-term effects of the interventions among homogeneous groups. Full consideration of the varying level of clinical experience and expertise in mental health should guide the development and implementation of anti-stig a initiatives in this context. Implications for practice Anti-stigma interventions can have a positive impact on mental health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and supportive caring for people diagnosed with mental illness. Such anti-stigma interventions may meaningfully support stakeholders to address the impact of negative attitudes on the physical and mental health status of people diagnosed with mental illness. With sustained leadership, effort and reinforcement, it is possible to create workplace cultures that prioritize stigma-free and recovery-oriented behaviours and practices within mental health services. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Sreeram, Anju , Cross, Wendy , Townsin, Louise
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Vol. 29, no. 4 (2022), p. 512-528
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: What is known on the subject?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness. There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives, such as education and training, may be effective in enhancing or maintaining positive attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Education and training that is designed and delivered around a specific mental health diagnosis or condition appears an appropriate strategy that could benefit mental health professionals to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of mental ill health and its impacts on individuals. Consumer involvement in the education and training of mental health professionals regarding the stigma of mental illness is recommended; however, this is an under-explored area of investigation. There is a weak evidence base regarding the long-term sustainability of effects from anti-stigma education and training. This should be addressed via further research in future. What are the implications for practices?: Anti-stigma initiatives can support mental health professionals to develop stigma-free, recovery-oriented practices in their work. Further, such initiatives can improve the provision of evidence-based quality care for the consumers, facilitating their recovery. Abstract: Introduction Despite an increasing focus on stigma, evidence shows prejudicial attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals still exist. It is suggested that anti-stigma initiatives can aid in enhancing the attitudes of mental health professionals. However, research on initiatives targeting stigma of mental illness among mental health professionals is limited. Aim To identify and analyse scientific literature pertaining to the effectiveness of anti-stigma initiatives regarding mental ill health among mental health professionals. Method A systematic literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Search engine and Google Scholar. The papers were limited to English language, published in peer-reviewed journals with full-text articles available and published between the years 2008 and 2020 to understand the most recent trends in the attitudes of mental health professionals including nurses. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to identify papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 439 papers were identified. However, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from selection. Three appraisers reviewed the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. Finally, eight unanimously accepted papers were included in the systematic review. Several effective anti-stigma initiatives were identified through the review, and these had positive impacts on mental health professionals’ attitudes towards mental illness, for at least a short period. It was identified that contact-based interventions are relevant and effective although the involvement of consumers and caregivers in the design and delivery of interventions was not explicitly addressed in detail in studies included in the review. Education strategies tailored for specific mental illness may be more appropriate, rather than approaches that refer to mental illness in general. Conclusions This review shows the evidence of pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness persists among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives identified in the selected papers were effective in changing these attitudes. Future research should be focused on the effectiveness of contact-based interventions and understanding the longer-term effects of the interventions among homogeneous groups. Full consideration of the varying level of clinical experience and expertise in mental health should guide the development and implementation of anti-stig a initiatives in this context. Implications for practice Anti-stigma interventions can have a positive impact on mental health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and supportive caring for people diagnosed with mental illness. Such anti-stigma interventions may meaningfully support stakeholders to address the impact of negative attitudes on the physical and mental health status of people diagnosed with mental illness. With sustained leadership, effort and reinforcement, it is possible to create workplace cultures that prioritize stigma-free and recovery-oriented behaviours and practices within mental health services. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Application of artificial intelligence in geotechnical engineering : a state-of-the-art review
- Baghbani, Abolfazl, Choudhury, Tanveer, Costa, Susanga, Reiner, Johannes
- Authors: Baghbani, Abolfazl , Choudhury, Tanveer , Costa, Susanga , Reiner, Johannes
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Earth-Science Reviews Vol. 228, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Geotechnical engineering deals with soils and rocks and their use in engineering constructions. By their nature, soils and rocks exhibit complex behaviours and a high level of uncertainty in material modelling. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been developed and used by an increasing number of researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering in the last three decades. These methods have been considered successful due to their ability to predict complex nonlinear relationships. Based on more than one thousand (i.e. 1235) published literatures, this paper presents a detailed review of the performance of AI methods and algorithms used in geotechnical engineering. Nine key areas where the application of AI methods is prominent were identified: frozen soils and soil thermal properties, rock mechanics, subgrade soil and pavements, landslide and soil liquefaction, slope stability, shallow and piles foundations, tunnelling and tunnel boring machine, dams, and unsaturated soils. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) emerged as the most widely used and preferred AI method with 52% of studies relying on it. Other methods that were used to a lesser extent were FIS, ANFIS, SVM, LSTM, CNN, ResNet and GAN. The analysis shows that the success and accuracy of AI applications depends on the number and type of datasets and selection of input parameters. The paper also provides statistical information on research incorporating AI methods and discusses the opportunities and challenges for future research and practical applications in geotechnical engineering. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing students' perceptions of being a nurse : a scoping review
- Allen, Louise, Cooper, Simon, Missen, Karen
- Authors: Allen, Louise , Cooper, Simon , Missen, Karen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Professional Nursing Vol. 42, no. (2022), p. 281-289
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: High attrition rates in new graduate nurses maybe attributed to unrealistic perceptions of being a nurse. It is therefore important to identify nursing students' perceptions and the factors that influence them. Aim: The present study was conducted to identify and describe the literature relating to nursing students' perceptions of being a nurse. Research questions guiding the review were: (1) What are nursing students' perceptions of nursing? (2) What factors influence nursing students' perceptions of nursing? Method: A scoping literature review was conducted between the years 2008 and March 2022 to capture nursing student perceptions from multiple countries, and year levels of study to note the changes in perceptions overtime. The data sources consisted of five electronic data bases; CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science and search engine Google Scholar revealed 39 relevant sources. A scoping review methodology informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and a published Scoping Review Checklist guided this review. An inductive thematic analysis identified five key themes. Results: Key themes: Attributes and characteristics of nurses; Nursing as a profession; Skills required for nursing; Gender perceptions; and Influence of time and previous health work experience. Findings provide insight for future research to ensure the adequacy of curricula experiences in preparing new graduates for having realistic perceptions for practice. Conclusion: For nursing students to be prepared for the role of a nurse they must have realistic perceptions of what it means to be a nurse. Whilst it is evident that perceptions can be influenced by a variety of sources, this review highlights a lack of research pertaining to perceptions related to the physical, emotional, and social effects on an individual from being a nurse. © 2022
Benefits of supportive strategies for carers of people with high-grade glioma : a systematic review : strategies for addressing the needs of high-grade glioma carers
- Jones, Diana, Pinkham, Mark, Wallen, Matthew, Hart, Nicolas, Joseph, Ria, Strodl, Esben, Ownsworth, Tamara, Beesley, Vanessa, Crichton, Megan, Chan, Raymond
- Authors: Jones, Diana , Pinkham, Mark , Wallen, Matthew , Hart, Nicolas , Joseph, Ria , Strodl, Esben , Ownsworth, Tamara , Beesley, Vanessa , Crichton, Megan , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 12 (2022), p. 10359-10378
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1194051
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To systematically review and examine current evidence for the carer-reported benefits of supportive care strategies for carers of adults with high-grade glioma (HGG). Methods: Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO) were searched for articles published between January 2005 and April 2022 that assessed strategies for addressing the supportive care needs of carers of adults with HGG (WHO grade 3–4). Study selection and critical appraisal were conducted independently by three authors (DJ/MC, 2021; DJ/RJ 2022). Data extraction was conducted by one author (DJ) and checked by a second author (RJ). Results were synthesised narratively. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 1377 caregivers were included, targeting the carer directly (n = 10), the patient-carer dyad (n = 3), or focused on people with HGG + /
- Authors: Jones, Diana , Pinkham, Mark , Wallen, Matthew , Hart, Nicolas , Joseph, Ria , Strodl, Esben , Ownsworth, Tamara , Beesley, Vanessa , Crichton, Megan , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 12 (2022), p. 10359-10378
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1194051
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To systematically review and examine current evidence for the carer-reported benefits of supportive care strategies for carers of adults with high-grade glioma (HGG). Methods: Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO) were searched for articles published between January 2005 and April 2022 that assessed strategies for addressing the supportive care needs of carers of adults with HGG (WHO grade 3–4). Study selection and critical appraisal were conducted independently by three authors (DJ/MC, 2021; DJ/RJ 2022). Data extraction was conducted by one author (DJ) and checked by a second author (RJ). Results were synthesised narratively. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 1377 caregivers were included, targeting the carer directly (n = 10), the patient-carer dyad (n = 3), or focused on people with HGG + /
Biology, distribution and management of the globally invasive weed Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade): A global review of current and future management challenges
- Roberts, Jason, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Roberts, Jason , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Weed Research Vol. 62, no. 6 (2022), p. 393-403
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade) is a deep-rooted, multi-stemmed, perennial, herbaceous woody plant that has been observed to threaten agricultural and native biodiversity worldwide. It is widely agreed that without efficient integrated management, S. elaeagnifolium will continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage across multiple scales. It is estimated that the annual economic impact of S. elaeagnifolium in Australia exceeds AUD $62 million, with this figure likely to be much higher in other countries invaded by this plant. It can also tolerate a high level of abiotic stress and survive in a range of temperatures (below freezing point to 34°C) and areas with an average yearly rainfall between 250 and 600 mm. Its extensive deep taproot system is capable of regenerating asexually and with its many seed dispersal mechanisms; it can quickly spread and establish itself within a region. This makes containment and management of the species especially challenging. Previous management has largely been focused on biological control, competition, essential oils, grazing pressure, herbicide application and manual removal. Despite the large range of available management techniques, there has been little success in the long-term control of S. elaeagnifolium, and only a handful of methods such as essential oils and herbicide application have shown reasonable success for controlling this weed. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the identified and potentially useful approaches to control S. elaeagnifolium that have been recorded in the literature which deal with its biology, distribution and management. It also explores previous and current management techniques to ascertain the research gaps and knowledge required to assist in the effective and economically sustainable management of this invasive weed. © 2022 The Authors. Weed Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Weed Research Society.
- Authors: Roberts, Jason , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Weed Research Vol. 62, no. 6 (2022), p. 393-403
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade) is a deep-rooted, multi-stemmed, perennial, herbaceous woody plant that has been observed to threaten agricultural and native biodiversity worldwide. It is widely agreed that without efficient integrated management, S. elaeagnifolium will continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage across multiple scales. It is estimated that the annual economic impact of S. elaeagnifolium in Australia exceeds AUD $62 million, with this figure likely to be much higher in other countries invaded by this plant. It can also tolerate a high level of abiotic stress and survive in a range of temperatures (below freezing point to 34°C) and areas with an average yearly rainfall between 250 and 600 mm. Its extensive deep taproot system is capable of regenerating asexually and with its many seed dispersal mechanisms; it can quickly spread and establish itself within a region. This makes containment and management of the species especially challenging. Previous management has largely been focused on biological control, competition, essential oils, grazing pressure, herbicide application and manual removal. Despite the large range of available management techniques, there has been little success in the long-term control of S. elaeagnifolium, and only a handful of methods such as essential oils and herbicide application have shown reasonable success for controlling this weed. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the identified and potentially useful approaches to control S. elaeagnifolium that have been recorded in the literature which deal with its biology, distribution and management. It also explores previous and current management techniques to ascertain the research gaps and knowledge required to assist in the effective and economically sustainable management of this invasive weed. © 2022 The Authors. Weed Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Weed Research Society.
- Syeda, Hina, Sultan, Ibrahim, Razavi, Kamal, Yap, Pow-Seng
- Authors: Syeda, Hina , Sultan, Ibrahim , Razavi, Kamal , Yap, Pow-Seng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Water Process Engineering Vol. 46, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In recent years, with the global increase in industrialization, there has been a significant increase in the amount of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals being released into water bodies. Adsorption is considered as one of the most attractive methods due to its high efficiency and ability to remove heavy metals even at low concentration. Agricultural wastes-based biosorbents have attracted great interest due to their capability to effectively remove heavy metals from wastewater. Chemical modifications on biosorbents can significantly improve the biosorption capacities and the longevity of the biosorbents. Most of the adsorption studies followed the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted most of the adsorption kinetic studies. Moreover, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and chelation were the governing adsorption mechanisms in most of the studies. The adsorption process was usually spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The regeneration of biosorbents was most effective when acids were used as eluents and this had allowed some biosorbents to be reused efficiently up to 10 times. To elucidate a practical perspective, analysis on column studies, adsorption performance using industrial wastewater, and cost analysis had been conducted. Cost analysis proved that agricultural wastes-based biosorbents are cheaper than traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Business simulation games in higher education : a systematic review of empirical research
- Faisal, Nadia, Chadhar, Mehmood, Goriss-Hunter, Anitra, Stranieri, Andrew
- Authors: Faisal, Nadia , Chadhar, Mehmood , Goriss-Hunter, Anitra , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Over the last few years, business simulation games (BSGs) in higher education have attracted attention. BSGs tend to actively engage students with course material, promoting higher engagement and motivation and enabling learning outcomes. Increasingly, researchers are trying to explore the full potential of these games with an upsurge of research in the BSG field in recent years. There is a need to understand the current state of research and future research opportunities; however, there is a lack of recent systematic literature reviews in BSG literature. This study addresses this gap by systematically compiling online empirical research from January 2015 to April 2022. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify fifty-seven (57) papers reporting empirical evidence of the effectiveness of BSGs in teaching and learning. Findings showed that BSGs improve learning outcomes such as knowledge acquisition, cognitive and interactive skills, and behaviour. The review also summarises different issues concerning the integration of BSGs into the curriculum, learning theories used in the selected studies, and assessment methods used to evaluate student achievement in learning outcomes. The findings of this review summarise the current research activities and indicate existing deficiencies and potential research directions that can be used as the basis for future research into the use of BSGs in higher education. © 2022 Nadia Faisal et al.
- Authors: Faisal, Nadia , Chadhar, Mehmood , Goriss-Hunter, Anitra , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Over the last few years, business simulation games (BSGs) in higher education have attracted attention. BSGs tend to actively engage students with course material, promoting higher engagement and motivation and enabling learning outcomes. Increasingly, researchers are trying to explore the full potential of these games with an upsurge of research in the BSG field in recent years. There is a need to understand the current state of research and future research opportunities; however, there is a lack of recent systematic literature reviews in BSG literature. This study addresses this gap by systematically compiling online empirical research from January 2015 to April 2022. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify fifty-seven (57) papers reporting empirical evidence of the effectiveness of BSGs in teaching and learning. Findings showed that BSGs improve learning outcomes such as knowledge acquisition, cognitive and interactive skills, and behaviour. The review also summarises different issues concerning the integration of BSGs into the curriculum, learning theories used in the selected studies, and assessment methods used to evaluate student achievement in learning outcomes. The findings of this review summarise the current research activities and indicate existing deficiencies and potential research directions that can be used as the basis for future research into the use of BSGs in higher education. © 2022 Nadia Faisal et al.
Challenges inherent in controlling prickly pear species; a global review of the properties of Opuntia stricta, Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia monacantha
- Humphries, Talia, Campbell, Shane, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Humphries, Talia , Campbell, Shane , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 11, no. 23 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Opuntia species (prickly pear) were deliberately introduced to many countries around the world for fruit, cochineal dye production, living fencing or as ornamentals. They are now some of the world’s most significant weeds, particularly in regions with warm and or dry climates, as they pose threats to economic and environmental assets. In addition, they can cause considerable health issues for humans and animals. Opuntia spp. have prolific reproduction abilities, being able to reproduce both vegetatively and by seed. They have generalist pollination and dispersal requirements, which promotes their establishment and spread. Opuntia stricta, O. monacantha and O. ficus-indica are the most globally widespread of the Opuntia spp. In many countries, biological control agents, particularly the cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) and various cochineal insects from the Dactylopius genus, have successfully reduced land-scape scale populations. On a smaller scale, controlling these weeds by either injecting or spraying the cladodes with herbicides can provide effective control. Care must be taken during herbicide treatments as any untreated areas will regenerate. While biological control is the most cost and time effective control method for landscape-scale infestations, further research into the combined efficacy of herbicides, fire, grubbing and pre-burial techniques would be beneficial for land managers to control small-scale and establishing populations. It would also be useful to have greater knowledge of the potential seedbank longevity and seed ecology of these species so that integrated management strategies can be developed to not only deal with initial populations but also the subsequent seedling regrowth. © 2022 by the authors.
- Authors: Humphries, Talia , Campbell, Shane , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 11, no. 23 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Opuntia species (prickly pear) were deliberately introduced to many countries around the world for fruit, cochineal dye production, living fencing or as ornamentals. They are now some of the world’s most significant weeds, particularly in regions with warm and or dry climates, as they pose threats to economic and environmental assets. In addition, they can cause considerable health issues for humans and animals. Opuntia spp. have prolific reproduction abilities, being able to reproduce both vegetatively and by seed. They have generalist pollination and dispersal requirements, which promotes their establishment and spread. Opuntia stricta, O. monacantha and O. ficus-indica are the most globally widespread of the Opuntia spp. In many countries, biological control agents, particularly the cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) and various cochineal insects from the Dactylopius genus, have successfully reduced land-scape scale populations. On a smaller scale, controlling these weeds by either injecting or spraying the cladodes with herbicides can provide effective control. Care must be taken during herbicide treatments as any untreated areas will regenerate. While biological control is the most cost and time effective control method for landscape-scale infestations, further research into the combined efficacy of herbicides, fire, grubbing and pre-burial techniques would be beneficial for land managers to control small-scale and establishing populations. It would also be useful to have greater knowledge of the potential seedbank longevity and seed ecology of these species so that integrated management strategies can be developed to not only deal with initial populations but also the subsequent seedling regrowth. © 2022 by the authors.
Critical measurement issues in the assessment of social media influence on body image
- Jarman, Hannah, McLean, Sian, Griffiths, Scott, Teague, Samantha, Rodgers, Rachel, Paxton, Susan, Austen, Emma, Harris, Emily, Steward, Trevor, Shatte, Adrian, Khanh-Dao Le, Long, Anwar, Tarique, Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, Parker, Alexandra, Yager, Zali, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
- Authors: Jarman, Hannah , McLean, Sian , Griffiths, Scott , Teague, Samantha , Rodgers, Rachel , Paxton, Susan , Austen, Emma , Harris, Emily , Steward, Trevor , Shatte, Adrian , Khanh-Dao Le, Long , Anwar, Tarique , Mihalopoulos, Cathrine , Parker, Alexandra , Yager, Zali , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Body Image Vol. 40, no. (2022), p. 225-236
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Progress towards understanding how social media impacts body image hinges on the use of appropriate measurement tools and methodologies. This review provides an overview of common (qualitative, self-report survey, lab-based experiments) and emerging (momentary assessment, computational) methodological approaches to the exploration of the impact of social media on body image. The potential of these methodologies is detailed, with examples illustrating current use as well as opportunities for expansion. A key theme from our review is that each methodology has provided insights for the body image research field, yet is insufficient in isolation to fully capture the nuance and complexity of social media experiences. Thus, in consideration of gaps in methodology, we emphasise the need for big picture thinking that leverages and combines the strengths of each of these methodologies to yield a more comprehensive, nuanced, and robust picture of the positive and negative impacts of social media. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Crosstalk between immune checkpoint modulators, metabolic reprogramming and cellular plasticity in triple-negative breast cancer
- Poddar, Arpita, Rao, Sushma, Prithviraj, Prithviraj, Kannourakis, George, Jayachandran, Aparna
- Authors: Poddar, Arpita , Rao, Sushma , Prithviraj, Prithviraj , Kannourakis, George , Jayachandran, Aparna
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Current Oncology Vol. 29, no. 10 (2022), p. 6847-6863
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. Accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer diagnoses, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype presents with an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential and the poorest short-term prognosis. TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy, only partially responds to radio- and chemotherapy, and has limited targeted therapy options, thus underlining the critical need for better therapeutic treatments. Although immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition is emerging as a promising treatment option for TNBC patients, activation of cellular plasticity programs such as metabolic reprogramming (MR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes immunotherapy to fail. In this report, we review the role of MR and EMT in immune checkpoint dysregulation in TNBCs and specifically shed light on development of novel combination treatment modalities for this challenging disease. We highlight the clinical relevance of crosstalk between MR, EMT, and immune checkpoints in TNBCs. © 2022 by the authors.
- Authors: Poddar, Arpita , Rao, Sushma , Prithviraj, Prithviraj , Kannourakis, George , Jayachandran, Aparna
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Current Oncology Vol. 29, no. 10 (2022), p. 6847-6863
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. Accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer diagnoses, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype presents with an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential and the poorest short-term prognosis. TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy, only partially responds to radio- and chemotherapy, and has limited targeted therapy options, thus underlining the critical need for better therapeutic treatments. Although immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition is emerging as a promising treatment option for TNBC patients, activation of cellular plasticity programs such as metabolic reprogramming (MR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes immunotherapy to fail. In this report, we review the role of MR and EMT in immune checkpoint dysregulation in TNBCs and specifically shed light on development of novel combination treatment modalities for this challenging disease. We highlight the clinical relevance of crosstalk between MR, EMT, and immune checkpoints in TNBCs. © 2022 by the authors.
Cultural safety or cultural competence : how can we address inequities in culturally diverse groups?
- Kaphle, Sabitra, Hungerford, Catherine, Blanchard, Denise, Doyle, Kerrie, Ryan, Colleen, Cleary, Michelle
- Authors: Kaphle, Sabitra , Hungerford, Catherine , Blanchard, Denise , Doyle, Kerrie , Ryan, Colleen , Cleary, Michelle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 43, no. 7 (2022), p. 698-702
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Cybersecurity challenges in blockchain technology : a scoping review
- Mahmood, Samreen, Chadhar, Mehmood, Firmin, Selena
- Authors: Mahmood, Samreen , Chadhar, Mehmood , Firmin, Selena
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain technology (BCT) is an emerging technology. Cybersecurity challenges in BCT are being explored to add greater value to business processes and reshape business operations. This scoping review paper was aimed at exploring the current literature's scope and categorizing various types of cybersecurity challenges in BCT. Databases such as Elsevier, ResearchGate, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and ABI/INFORM Collection (ProQuest) were searched using a combination of terms, and after rigorous screening, 51 research studies were found relevant. Data coding was performed following a framework proposed for scoping review. After careful analysis, thirty different types of cybersecurity challenges in BCT were categorized into six standardized classes. Our results show that most of the studies disclose cybersecurity challenges in BCT generally without pointing to any specific industry sector, and to a very little extent, few papers reveal cybersecurity challenges in BCT related to specific industry sectors. Also, prior studies barely investigated the strategies to minimize cybersecurity challenges in BCT. Based on gap identification, future research avenues were proposed for scholars.
- Authors: Mahmood, Samreen , Chadhar, Mehmood , Firmin, Selena
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain technology (BCT) is an emerging technology. Cybersecurity challenges in BCT are being explored to add greater value to business processes and reshape business operations. This scoping review paper was aimed at exploring the current literature's scope and categorizing various types of cybersecurity challenges in BCT. Databases such as Elsevier, ResearchGate, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and ABI/INFORM Collection (ProQuest) were searched using a combination of terms, and after rigorous screening, 51 research studies were found relevant. Data coding was performed following a framework proposed for scoping review. After careful analysis, thirty different types of cybersecurity challenges in BCT were categorized into six standardized classes. Our results show that most of the studies disclose cybersecurity challenges in BCT generally without pointing to any specific industry sector, and to a very little extent, few papers reveal cybersecurity challenges in BCT related to specific industry sectors. Also, prior studies barely investigated the strategies to minimize cybersecurity challenges in BCT. Based on gap identification, future research avenues were proposed for scholars.
Defining timeliness in care for patients with lung cancer : a scoping review
- Ansar, Adnan, Lewis, Virginia, McDonald, Christine, Liu, Chaojie, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Ansar, Adnan , Lewis, Virginia , McDonald, Christine , Liu, Chaojie , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: BMJ Open Vol. 12, no. 4 (2022), p.
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- Description: Objectives Early diagnosis and reducing the time taken to achieve each step of lung cancer care is essential. This scoping review aimed to examine time points and intervals used to measure timeliness and to critically assess how they are defined by existing studies of the care seeking pathway for lung cancer. Methods This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O'Malley. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1999 and 2019. After duplicate removal, all publications went through title and abstract screening followed by full text review and inclusion of articles in the review against the selection criteria. A narrative synthesis describes the time points, intervals and measurement guidelines used by the included articles. Results A total of 2113 articles were identified from the initial search. Finally, 68 articles were included for data charting process. Eight time points and 14 intervals were identified as the most common events researched by the articles. Eighteen different lung cancer care guidelines were used to benchmark intervals in the included articles; all were developed in Western countries. The British Thoracic Society guideline was the most frequently used guideline (20%). Western guidelines were used by the studies in Asian countries despite differences in the health system structure. Conclusion This review identified substantial variations in definitions of some of the intervals used to describe timeliness of care for lung cancer. The differences in healthcare delivery systems of Asian and Western countries, and between high-income countries and low-income-middle-income countries may suggest different sets of time points and intervals need to be developed. ©
- Authors: Ansar, Adnan , Lewis, Virginia , McDonald, Christine , Liu, Chaojie , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: BMJ Open Vol. 12, no. 4 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives Early diagnosis and reducing the time taken to achieve each step of lung cancer care is essential. This scoping review aimed to examine time points and intervals used to measure timeliness and to critically assess how they are defined by existing studies of the care seeking pathway for lung cancer. Methods This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O'Malley. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1999 and 2019. After duplicate removal, all publications went through title and abstract screening followed by full text review and inclusion of articles in the review against the selection criteria. A narrative synthesis describes the time points, intervals and measurement guidelines used by the included articles. Results A total of 2113 articles were identified from the initial search. Finally, 68 articles were included for data charting process. Eight time points and 14 intervals were identified as the most common events researched by the articles. Eighteen different lung cancer care guidelines were used to benchmark intervals in the included articles; all were developed in Western countries. The British Thoracic Society guideline was the most frequently used guideline (20%). Western guidelines were used by the studies in Asian countries despite differences in the health system structure. Conclusion This review identified substantial variations in definitions of some of the intervals used to describe timeliness of care for lung cancer. The differences in healthcare delivery systems of Asian and Western countries, and between high-income countries and low-income-middle-income countries may suggest different sets of time points and intervals need to be developed. ©
Diet and exercise advice and referrals for cancer survivors : an integrative review of medical and nursing perspectives
- Joseph, Ria, Hart, Nicolas, Bradford, Natalie, Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi, Koczwara, Bogda, Chan, Alexandre, Wallen, Matthew, Chan, Raymond
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
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- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
Dietary supplements in people with metastatic cancer who are experiencing malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty : a scoping review
- Johal, Jolyn, Han, Chad, Joseph, Ria, Munn, Zachary, Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi, Crawford‐Williams, Fiona, Wallen, Matthew, Chan, Raymond, Hart, Nicolas
- Authors: Johal, Jolyn , Han, Chad , Joseph, Ria , Munn, Zachary , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Crawford‐Williams, Fiona , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond , Hart, Nicolas
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 14, no. 13 (2022), p.
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- Description: Cancer‐associated malnutrition, or cachexia, stemming from cancer or its treatments, is particularly prevalent in metastatic cancers, and is often interrelated with sarcopenia and frailty. Evidence suggests that dietary supplements play a role in managing these conditions. As metastatic cancer cells are associated with notable genomic and phenotypic alterations, response to dietary supplements may differ between metastatic and non‐metastatic cancers. However, research in this area is lacking. This scoping review aims to identify the dietary supplements that have been studied in patients with metastatic cancers and malnutrition‐related conditions, along with their proposed effects, mechanisms, outcome measures, and tools used. A systematic search was conducted across databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries. Of the initial 6535 records screened, a total of 48 studies were included, covering a range of dietary supplements— vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, fiber, and others. While the types of dietary supplements included varied across cancer types, omega‐3 and carnitine were investigated most often. Proposed relevant attributes of dietary supplements included their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Overall, there was a paucity of interventional studies, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Johal, Jolyn , Han, Chad , Joseph, Ria , Munn, Zachary , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Crawford‐Williams, Fiona , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond , Hart, Nicolas
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 14, no. 13 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cancer‐associated malnutrition, or cachexia, stemming from cancer or its treatments, is particularly prevalent in metastatic cancers, and is often interrelated with sarcopenia and frailty. Evidence suggests that dietary supplements play a role in managing these conditions. As metastatic cancer cells are associated with notable genomic and phenotypic alterations, response to dietary supplements may differ between metastatic and non‐metastatic cancers. However, research in this area is lacking. This scoping review aims to identify the dietary supplements that have been studied in patients with metastatic cancers and malnutrition‐related conditions, along with their proposed effects, mechanisms, outcome measures, and tools used. A systematic search was conducted across databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries. Of the initial 6535 records screened, a total of 48 studies were included, covering a range of dietary supplements— vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, fiber, and others. While the types of dietary supplements included varied across cancer types, omega‐3 and carnitine were investigated most often. Proposed relevant attributes of dietary supplements included their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Overall, there was a paucity of interventional studies, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Thangavelu, Dhivya, Tan, Apphia, Cant, Robyn, Chua, Wei, Liaw, Sok
- Authors: Thangavelu, Dhivya , Tan, Apphia , Cant, Robyn , Chua, Wei , Liaw, Sok
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 113, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: This review aimed to synthesise evidence from experimental studies of the application of digital serious games in developing nursing clinical competence. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Eight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published in English from 2000 to 2021. Review methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted in this review. Quality appraisal was conducted using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool and the Joanna Brigg's Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Quasi-Experimental Designs. A narrative synthesis of studies, and a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis, was performed on the study outcomes. Results: 22 experimental studies including 13 randomized controlled trials and nine quasi-experimental studies were included. Of these, 19 studies examined nursing students and three examined qualified nurses. These studies applied serious games to develop nursing competencies in management of nursing care, clinical reasoning skills, procedural skills, legal practice and quality improvement. Compared with control groups, serious games improved knowledge (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI [0.75, 1.86]) and skills (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [0.17, 0.60]). Subgroup analysis for both knowledge and skills outcomes demonstrated that serious games were more effective than control groups with either no intervention or other educational interventions. A large effect size (SMD = 1.13, 95% CI [0.91, 1.34]) was found in favour of serious games for improving knowledge scores in management of nursing care. Conclusion: The reviewed studies identified a broad application of digital serious games for developing nursing competencies. The knowledge and skills performance outcomes supported the use of serious games, which were found to be superior to conventional educational interventions. More serious games are required to be incorporated into undergraduate and continuing nursing education for workplace training, with more rigorous studies examining the effect of serious games in improving the quality and safety of clinical nursing practice. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Educational anomaly analytics : features, methods, and challenges
- Guo, Teng, Bai, Xiaomei, Tian, Xue, Firmin, Selena, Xia, Feng
- Authors: Guo, Teng , Bai, Xiaomei , Tian, Xue , Firmin, Selena , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Big Data Vol. 4, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
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- Description: Anomalies in education affect the personal careers of students and universities' retention rates. Understanding the laws behind educational anomalies promotes the development of individual students and improves the overall quality of education. However, the inaccessibility of educational data hinders the development of the field. Previous research in this field used questionnaires, which are time- and cost-consuming and hardly applicable to large-scale student cohorts. With the popularity of educational management systems and the rise of online education during the prevalence of COVID-19, a large amount of educational data is available online and offline, providing an unprecedented opportunity to explore educational anomalies from a data-driven perspective. As an emerging field, educational anomaly analytics rapidly attracts scholars from a variety of fields, including education, psychology, sociology, and computer science. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive review of data-driven analytics of educational anomalies from a methodological standpoint. We focus on the following five types of research that received the most attention: course failure prediction, dropout prediction, mental health problems detection, prediction of difficulty in graduation, and prediction of difficulty in employment. Then, we discuss the challenges of current related research. This study aims to provide references for educational policymaking while promoting the development of educational anomaly analytics as a growing field. Copyright © 2022 Guo, Bai, Tian, Firmin and Xia.
- Authors: Guo, Teng , Bai, Xiaomei , Tian, Xue , Firmin, Selena , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Big Data Vol. 4, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Anomalies in education affect the personal careers of students and universities' retention rates. Understanding the laws behind educational anomalies promotes the development of individual students and improves the overall quality of education. However, the inaccessibility of educational data hinders the development of the field. Previous research in this field used questionnaires, which are time- and cost-consuming and hardly applicable to large-scale student cohorts. With the popularity of educational management systems and the rise of online education during the prevalence of COVID-19, a large amount of educational data is available online and offline, providing an unprecedented opportunity to explore educational anomalies from a data-driven perspective. As an emerging field, educational anomaly analytics rapidly attracts scholars from a variety of fields, including education, psychology, sociology, and computer science. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive review of data-driven analytics of educational anomalies from a methodological standpoint. We focus on the following five types of research that received the most attention: course failure prediction, dropout prediction, mental health problems detection, prediction of difficulty in graduation, and prediction of difficulty in employment. Then, we discuss the challenges of current related research. This study aims to provide references for educational policymaking while promoting the development of educational anomaly analytics as a growing field. Copyright © 2022 Guo, Bai, Tian, Firmin and Xia.
Energy harvesting in underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks : design, taxonomy, applications, challenges and future directions
- Khan, Anwar, Imran, Muhammad, Alharbi, Abdullah, Mohamed, Ehab, Fouda, Mostafa
- Authors: Khan, Anwar , Imran, Muhammad , Alharbi, Abdullah , Mohamed, Ehab , Fouda, Mostafa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 10, no. (2022), p. 134606-134622
- Full Text:
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- Description: In underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSNs), energy harvesting either enhances the lifetime of a network by increasing the battery power of sensor nodes or ensures battery-less operation of nodes. This, in effect, results in sustainable and reliable operation of the network deployed for various underwater applications. This work provides a survey of the energy harvesting techniques for UAWSNs. Our work is unique than the existing work on underwater energy harvesting in that it includes state-of-the art techniques designed in the last decade. It analyzes every harvesting scheme in terms of its main idea, merits, demerits and the extent of the harvested power (energy). The description of the merits results in selection of the suitable scheme for the suitable underwater applications. The demerits of the addressed schemes provide an insight to their future enhancement and improvement. Moreover, the harvested techniques are classified into various categories depending upon the involved energy harvesting mechanism and compared based on the maximum and minimum amount of harvested power, which helps in selection of the suitable category keeping in view the power budget of an underwater network before deployment. The challenges in energy harvesting and in UAWSNs are described to provide an insight to them and to address them for further enhancement in the harvested extent. Finally, research directions are specified for future investigation. © 2013 IEEE.
- Authors: Khan, Anwar , Imran, Muhammad , Alharbi, Abdullah , Mohamed, Ehab , Fouda, Mostafa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 10, no. (2022), p. 134606-134622
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSNs), energy harvesting either enhances the lifetime of a network by increasing the battery power of sensor nodes or ensures battery-less operation of nodes. This, in effect, results in sustainable and reliable operation of the network deployed for various underwater applications. This work provides a survey of the energy harvesting techniques for UAWSNs. Our work is unique than the existing work on underwater energy harvesting in that it includes state-of-the art techniques designed in the last decade. It analyzes every harvesting scheme in terms of its main idea, merits, demerits and the extent of the harvested power (energy). The description of the merits results in selection of the suitable scheme for the suitable underwater applications. The demerits of the addressed schemes provide an insight to their future enhancement and improvement. Moreover, the harvested techniques are classified into various categories depending upon the involved energy harvesting mechanism and compared based on the maximum and minimum amount of harvested power, which helps in selection of the suitable category keeping in view the power budget of an underwater network before deployment. The challenges in energy harvesting and in UAWSNs are described to provide an insight to them and to address them for further enhancement in the harvested extent. Finally, research directions are specified for future investigation. © 2013 IEEE.
Ever and cumulative occupational exposure and lung function decline in longitudinal population-based studies : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Rabbani, Golam, Nimmi, Naima, Benke, Geza, Dharmage, Shyamali, Bui, Dinh, Sim, Malcolm, Abramson, Michael, Alif, Sheikh
- Authors: Rabbani, Golam , Nimmi, Naima , Benke, Geza , Dharmage, Shyamali , Bui, Dinh , Sim, Malcolm , Abramson, Michael , Alif, Sheikh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine Vol. 80, no. 1 (2022), p. 51-60
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- Description: Objectives Adverse occupational exposures can accelerate age-related lung function decline. Some longitudinal population-based studies have investigated this association. This study aims to examine this association using findings reported by longitudinal population-based studies. Methods Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using keywords and text words related to occupational exposures and lung function and 12 longitudinal population-based studies were identified using predefined inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Lung function decline was defined as annual loss of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC) or the ratio (FEV 1 /FVC). Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate pooled estimates for ever and cumulative exposures. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 test, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. Results Ever exposures to gases/fumes, vapours, gases, dusts, fumes (VGDF) and aromatic solvents were significantly associated with FEV 1 decline in meta-analyses. Cumulative exposures for these three occupational agents observed a similar trend of FEV 1 decline. Ever exposures to fungicides and cumulative exposures to biological dust, fungicides and insecticides were associated with FEV 1 decline in fixed-effect models only. No statistically significant association was observed between mineral dust, herbicides and metals and FEV 1 decline in meta-analyses. Conclusion Pooled estimates from the longitudinal population-based studies have provided evidence that occupational exposures are associated with FEV 1 decline. Specific exposure control and respiratory health surveillance are required to protect the lung health of the workers. © 2023 Author(s). Published by BMJ.
- Authors: Rabbani, Golam , Nimmi, Naima , Benke, Geza , Dharmage, Shyamali , Bui, Dinh , Sim, Malcolm , Abramson, Michael , Alif, Sheikh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine Vol. 80, no. 1 (2022), p. 51-60
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives Adverse occupational exposures can accelerate age-related lung function decline. Some longitudinal population-based studies have investigated this association. This study aims to examine this association using findings reported by longitudinal population-based studies. Methods Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using keywords and text words related to occupational exposures and lung function and 12 longitudinal population-based studies were identified using predefined inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Lung function decline was defined as annual loss of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC) or the ratio (FEV 1 /FVC). Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate pooled estimates for ever and cumulative exposures. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 test, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. Results Ever exposures to gases/fumes, vapours, gases, dusts, fumes (VGDF) and aromatic solvents were significantly associated with FEV 1 decline in meta-analyses. Cumulative exposures for these three occupational agents observed a similar trend of FEV 1 decline. Ever exposures to fungicides and cumulative exposures to biological dust, fungicides and insecticides were associated with FEV 1 decline in fixed-effect models only. No statistically significant association was observed between mineral dust, herbicides and metals and FEV 1 decline in meta-analyses. Conclusion Pooled estimates from the longitudinal population-based studies have provided evidence that occupational exposures are associated with FEV 1 decline. Specific exposure control and respiratory health surveillance are required to protect the lung health of the workers. © 2023 Author(s). Published by BMJ.
- Haeffner, Melissa, Hames, Fern, Barbour, Margaret, Reeves, Jessica, Platell, Ghislaine, Grover, Samantha
- Authors: Haeffner, Melissa , Hames, Fern , Barbour, Margaret , Reeves, Jessica , Platell, Ghislaine , Grover, Samantha
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: One Earth Vol. 5, no. 2 (2022), p. 157-167
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Wicked problems such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic require authentically transdisciplinary approaches to achieving effective collaboration. There exist several research approaches for identifying the components and interactions of complex problems; however, collaborative autoethnography provides an empirical way to collect and analyze self-reflection that leads to transformative change. Here, we present a case study of collaborative autoethnography, applied as a tool to transform research practice among a group of natural and social scientists, by constructively revealing and resolving deep, often unseen, disciplinary divides. We ask, “How can natural and social scientists genuinely accept, respect, and share one another's approaches to work on the wicked problems that need to be solved?” This study demonstrates how disciplinary divisions can be successfully bridged by open-minded and committed collaborators who are prepared to recognize the academic bias they bring to their research and use this as a platform of strength. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.