Review article : use of the team emergency assessment measure in the rating of emergency teams' non-technical skills : a mapping review
- Cooper, Simon, Connell, Clifford, Cant, Robyn
- Authors: Cooper, Simon , Connell, Clifford , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia Vol. 35, no. 3 (2023), p. 375-383
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The present study aims to explore the utility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in relation to the enhancement of emergency team non-technical skills based on research conducted over the last decade. In this mapping review, a citation mining process identified 22 primary studies for inclusion, published between 2012 and 2022. It provides outcome data on emergency teams' non-technical skills following team training and/or real-life patient emergencies. Emergency team studies related to resuscitation teams (adult, paediatric, newborn and obstetric cases) and medical emergency team (MET) management of patient deterioration. Team performance ratings varied, ranging from approximately 90% for experienced clinical teams down to 38% for students. Statistically significant improvements in performance were notable following training and/or repeated practice. Validity evidence, across 11 studies that provided change data described positive learning outcomes and moderate intervention effects. However, according to Kirkpatrick's model of educational evaluation the studies were limited to professional development phases of learning and immediate post-training assessments rather than care quality improvement. The review highlights a lack of studies evidencing quality improvement or clinical impact such as change of patient care practice or health service performance. There is a need to conduct well-designed studies that explore both technical and non-technical skills of resuscitation teams and METs. Currently, non-technical skills training and repeated performance evaluations using the TEAM contribute immensely to the proficiency of emergency teams. © 2023 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.
- Authors: Cooper, Simon , Connell, Clifford , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia Vol. 35, no. 3 (2023), p. 375-383
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The present study aims to explore the utility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in relation to the enhancement of emergency team non-technical skills based on research conducted over the last decade. In this mapping review, a citation mining process identified 22 primary studies for inclusion, published between 2012 and 2022. It provides outcome data on emergency teams' non-technical skills following team training and/or real-life patient emergencies. Emergency team studies related to resuscitation teams (adult, paediatric, newborn and obstetric cases) and medical emergency team (MET) management of patient deterioration. Team performance ratings varied, ranging from approximately 90% for experienced clinical teams down to 38% for students. Statistically significant improvements in performance were notable following training and/or repeated practice. Validity evidence, across 11 studies that provided change data described positive learning outcomes and moderate intervention effects. However, according to Kirkpatrick's model of educational evaluation the studies were limited to professional development phases of learning and immediate post-training assessments rather than care quality improvement. The review highlights a lack of studies evidencing quality improvement or clinical impact such as change of patient care practice or health service performance. There is a need to conduct well-designed studies that explore both technical and non-technical skills of resuscitation teams and METs. Currently, non-technical skills training and repeated performance evaluations using the TEAM contribute immensely to the proficiency of emergency teams. © 2023 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.
Review of the legacy and future of IEC 61850 protocols encompassing substation automation system
- Kumar, Shantanu, Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Electronics (Switzerland) Vol. 12, no. 15 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Communication protocols play a pivotal role in the substation automation system as they carry critical information related to asset control, automation, protection, and monitoring. Substation legacy protocols run the assets’ bulk data on multiple wires over long distances. These data packets pass through multiple nodes, which makes the identification of the location and type of various malfunctions a challenging and time-consuming task. As downtime of substations is of high importance from a regulatory and compliance point of view, utilities are motivated to revisit the overall scheme and redesign a new system that features flexibility, adaptability, interoperability, and high accuracy. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various legacy protocols and highlights the path forward for a new protocol laid down as per the IEC 61850 standard. The IEC 61850 protocol is expected to be user-friendly, employ fiber optics instead of conventional copper wires, facilitate the application of non-conventional instrument transformers, and connect Ethernet wires to multiple intelligent electronic devices. However, deployment of smart protocols in future substations is not a straightforward process as it requires careful planning, shutdown and foreseeable issues related to interface with proprietary vendor equipment. Along with the technical issues of communication, future smart protocols call for advanced personnel and engineering skills to embrace the new technology. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Electronics (Switzerland) Vol. 12, no. 15 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Communication protocols play a pivotal role in the substation automation system as they carry critical information related to asset control, automation, protection, and monitoring. Substation legacy protocols run the assets’ bulk data on multiple wires over long distances. These data packets pass through multiple nodes, which makes the identification of the location and type of various malfunctions a challenging and time-consuming task. As downtime of substations is of high importance from a regulatory and compliance point of view, utilities are motivated to revisit the overall scheme and redesign a new system that features flexibility, adaptability, interoperability, and high accuracy. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various legacy protocols and highlights the path forward for a new protocol laid down as per the IEC 61850 standard. The IEC 61850 protocol is expected to be user-friendly, employ fiber optics instead of conventional copper wires, facilitate the application of non-conventional instrument transformers, and connect Ethernet wires to multiple intelligent electronic devices. However, deployment of smart protocols in future substations is not a straightforward process as it requires careful planning, shutdown and foreseeable issues related to interface with proprietary vendor equipment. Along with the technical issues of communication, future smart protocols call for advanced personnel and engineering skills to embrace the new technology. © 2023 by the authors.
Small-signal stability and resonance perspectives in microgrid : a review
- Krismanto, Awan, Mithulananthan, Nadarajah, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Setiadi, Herlambang, Islam, Md Rabiul
- Authors: Krismanto, Awan , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Setiadi, Herlambang , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The microgrid (MG) system is a controlled and supervised power system consisting of renewable energy (RE)-based distributed generation (DG) units, loads, and energy storage. The MG can be operated autonomously or while connected to the grid. Higher intermittencies and uncertainties can be observed in MGs compared to the conventional power system, which is the possible source of small-signal stability in MG systems. It can be seen as disturbances around the stable operating point, which potentially lead to the small-signal instability problem within MGs. Small-signal instability issues also emerge due to the lack of damping torque in the MG. The integration of power electronic devices and complex control algorithms within MGs introduces novel challenges in terms of small-signal stability and possible resonances. The occurrence of interaction in a low- or no-inertia system might worsen the stability margin, leading to undamped oscillatory instability. The interaction within the MG is characterized by various frequency ranges, from low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation to high-frequency ranges around the harmonic frequencies. This study presents an overview of the dynamic model, possible sources of small-signal instability problems, and resonance phenomena in MGs. The developed models of MG, including structure, converter-based power generation, and load and control algorithms, are briefly summarized to provide the context of MG system dynamics. A comprehensive critical review of the previous research, including small-signal stability and resonance phenomenon for MGs, is also provided. Finally, key future research areas are recommended. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Krismanto, Awan , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Setiadi, Herlambang , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The microgrid (MG) system is a controlled and supervised power system consisting of renewable energy (RE)-based distributed generation (DG) units, loads, and energy storage. The MG can be operated autonomously or while connected to the grid. Higher intermittencies and uncertainties can be observed in MGs compared to the conventional power system, which is the possible source of small-signal stability in MG systems. It can be seen as disturbances around the stable operating point, which potentially lead to the small-signal instability problem within MGs. Small-signal instability issues also emerge due to the lack of damping torque in the MG. The integration of power electronic devices and complex control algorithms within MGs introduces novel challenges in terms of small-signal stability and possible resonances. The occurrence of interaction in a low- or no-inertia system might worsen the stability margin, leading to undamped oscillatory instability. The interaction within the MG is characterized by various frequency ranges, from low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation to high-frequency ranges around the harmonic frequencies. This study presents an overview of the dynamic model, possible sources of small-signal instability problems, and resonance phenomena in MGs. The developed models of MG, including structure, converter-based power generation, and load and control algorithms, are briefly summarized to provide the context of MG system dynamics. A comprehensive critical review of the previous research, including small-signal stability and resonance phenomenon for MGs, is also provided. Finally, key future research areas are recommended. © 2023 by the authors.
Smart grid evolution : predictive control of distributed energy resources—A review
- Babayomi, Oluleke, Zhang, Zhenbin, Dragicevic, Tomislav, Hu, Jiefeng, Rodriguez, Jose
- Authors: Babayomi, Oluleke , Zhang, Zhenbin , Dragicevic, Tomislav , Hu, Jiefeng , Rodriguez, Jose
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Vol. 147, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: As the smart grid evolves, it requires increasing distributed intelligence, optimization and control. Model predictive control (MPC) facilitates these functionalities for smart grid applications, namely: microgrids, smart buildings, ancillary services, industrial drives, electric vehicle charging, and distributed generation. Among these, this article focuses on providing a comprehensive review of the applications of MPC to the power electronic interfaces of distributed energy resources (DERs) for grid integration. In particular, the predictive control of power converters for wind energy conversion systems, solar photovoltaics, fuel cells and energy storage systems are covered in detail. The predictive control methods for grid-connected converters, artificial intelligence-based predictive control, open issues and future trends are also reviewed. The study highlights the potential of MPC to facilitate the high-performance, optimal power extraction and control of diverse sustainable grid-connected DERs. Furthermore, the study brings detailed structure to the artificial intelligence techniques that are beneficial to enhance performance, ease deployment and reduce computational burden of predictive control for power converters. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Sport4Me : a people focused approach to engaging Australians in sport
- Eime, Rochelle, Westerbeek, Hans, Pill, Shane, Reece, Lindsey
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Westerbeek, Hans , Pill, Shane , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Vol. 4, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The traditional model of community club-based sport is fine for those, particularly children and youth, who enjoy the competitive focus and have the skills and commitment to play. But societal preferences during leisure time have changed dramatically over recent decades. However, sport organisations have made limited progress in response to these changes in providing ways in which children and youth can participate outside the traditional competitive structures and environments. In this paper the context of community club-based structures is reviewed leading into an assessment of the associated impact of these structures on sport participation. Children and youth's current motivations to play sport including what makes sport fun to play, are considered. It is then demonstrated that the associations between motivations to play sport and the factors that contribute to fun and enjoyment, are often misaligned for many individuals, with a primary focus on competition-based structures to deliver community club sport. In the final part of the paper a model for community sport organisations where people are put first is proposed - Sport4Me. Sport4Me is about flexible, inclusive, equitable sporting opportunities that focus on friends, fun, physical literacy and play. The model would complement the traditional competitive club-based model and afford participants more choice whilst fostering an environment that promotes lifelong involvement in sport. This model will require structural and cultural changes to the sporting environment and include coaching practices. Sport4Me is an evidence-based model, but it is not radical in its conceptualisation but rather, builds on previously proposed approaches, considers the needs and wants of potential sport participants and widens the scope of sport delivery. 2023 Eime, Westerbeek, Pill and Reece.
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Westerbeek, Hans , Pill, Shane , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Vol. 4, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The traditional model of community club-based sport is fine for those, particularly children and youth, who enjoy the competitive focus and have the skills and commitment to play. But societal preferences during leisure time have changed dramatically over recent decades. However, sport organisations have made limited progress in response to these changes in providing ways in which children and youth can participate outside the traditional competitive structures and environments. In this paper the context of community club-based structures is reviewed leading into an assessment of the associated impact of these structures on sport participation. Children and youth's current motivations to play sport including what makes sport fun to play, are considered. It is then demonstrated that the associations between motivations to play sport and the factors that contribute to fun and enjoyment, are often misaligned for many individuals, with a primary focus on competition-based structures to deliver community club sport. In the final part of the paper a model for community sport organisations where people are put first is proposed - Sport4Me. Sport4Me is about flexible, inclusive, equitable sporting opportunities that focus on friends, fun, physical literacy and play. The model would complement the traditional competitive club-based model and afford participants more choice whilst fostering an environment that promotes lifelong involvement in sport. This model will require structural and cultural changes to the sporting environment and include coaching practices. Sport4Me is an evidence-based model, but it is not radical in its conceptualisation but rather, builds on previously proposed approaches, considers the needs and wants of potential sport participants and widens the scope of sport delivery. 2023 Eime, Westerbeek, Pill and Reece.
Students coping with change in higher education : an overview
- Co, Mary, Hamadeh Kerbage, Samira, Willetts, Georgina, Garvey, Loretta, Bhattacharya, Ananya, Croy, Glen, Mitchell, Bruce
- Authors: Co, Mary , Hamadeh Kerbage, Samira , Willetts, Georgina , Garvey, Loretta , Bhattacharya, Ananya , Croy, Glen , Mitchell, Bruce
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Educational Research Review Vol. 38, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Higher education institutions implement purposeful change to improve their performance or impose changes in response to their external environments. To deal with these changes, students are expected to develop their coping capacity – the emotional and cognitive ability to manage the demands of adverse situations. Student coping is composed of four interdependent core elements – self-efficacy, engagement, resilience and anxiety. This article synthesizes the evidence on the effect of higher education changes on student's ability to cope. Using Polanin et al.’s (2017) overview process, our search generated 551 articles, and after three rounds of screening, the remaining 12 reviews were analyzed using the narrative descriptive synthesis approach. We found that the quality assessment within the included reviews were inconsistent and, sometimes not clearly defined. From the analysis of the reviews, four key themes emerged: (1) change is complex; (2) the nature of change is varied; (3) there is an interdependent relationship between the coping elements; and (4) the measurement of change is not sophisticated. Our findings highlight the need for higher education institutions to adopt a principle-based approach to purposefully develop students' coping capacity, by improving their self-efficacy, engagement, and resilience, and reducing anxiety. Limitations and future research directions are outlined. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Sympathetic nervous system and atherosclerosis
- Wang, Yutang, Anesi, Jack, Maier, Michelle, Myers, Mark, Oqueli, Ernesto, Sobey, Christopher, Drummond, Grant, Denton, Kate
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Anesi, Jack , Maier, Michelle , Myers, Mark , Oqueli, Ernesto , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Denton, Kate
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 17 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen due to subendothelial lipid accumulation, with hypercholesterolemia being a major risk factor. Despite the recent advances in effective lipid-lowering therapies, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality globally, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In this article, we reviewed the sympathetic innervation in the vasculature, norepinephrine synthesis and metabolism, sympathetic activity measurement, and common signaling pathways of sympathetic activation. The focus of this paper was to review the effectiveness of pharmacological antagonists or agonists of adrenoceptors (
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Anesi, Jack , Maier, Michelle , Myers, Mark , Oqueli, Ernesto , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Denton, Kate
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 17 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen due to subendothelial lipid accumulation, with hypercholesterolemia being a major risk factor. Despite the recent advances in effective lipid-lowering therapies, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality globally, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In this article, we reviewed the sympathetic innervation in the vasculature, norepinephrine synthesis and metabolism, sympathetic activity measurement, and common signaling pathways of sympathetic activation. The focus of this paper was to review the effectiveness of pharmacological antagonists or agonists of adrenoceptors (
The cost of privatisation to the profession : media representation of audiology in Australia
- Šarkić, Bojana, Simpson, Andrea, Heine, Chrysse
- Authors: Šarkić, Bojana , Simpson, Andrea , Heine, Chrysse
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 34, no. 2 (2023), p. 603-611
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To investigate how the profession of audiology was represented in the media in Australia and how the increased privatisation of the profession may have shaped this representation. Methods: A systematic search of English language media records was conducted from 1 January 2000 to 17 July 2020 using ANZ News Stream, TV News, Google News and INFORMIT. Twenty-four of 1056 originally identified articles were retained. The findings were extracted and synthesised. Results: Context and content analyses were preformed, revealing a predominantly negative portrayal of Audiology as a profession in 21 (87.5%) of 24 articles. Predominant themes included: sales driven by incentives; predatory strategies and malpractice; non-regulation and privatisation of the hearing care industry; and conflict of interest. Conclusions: The media was found to highlight consumer mistrust in the profession in recent years. Increased regulation of the profession of audiology is recommended to protect the population against exploitative practices and to renew faith in the profession by the public. © 2022 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.
- Authors: Šarkić, Bojana , Simpson, Andrea , Heine, Chrysse
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 34, no. 2 (2023), p. 603-611
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To investigate how the profession of audiology was represented in the media in Australia and how the increased privatisation of the profession may have shaped this representation. Methods: A systematic search of English language media records was conducted from 1 January 2000 to 17 July 2020 using ANZ News Stream, TV News, Google News and INFORMIT. Twenty-four of 1056 originally identified articles were retained. The findings were extracted and synthesised. Results: Context and content analyses were preformed, revealing a predominantly negative portrayal of Audiology as a profession in 21 (87.5%) of 24 articles. Predominant themes included: sales driven by incentives; predatory strategies and malpractice; non-regulation and privatisation of the hearing care industry; and conflict of interest. Conclusions: The media was found to highlight consumer mistrust in the profession in recent years. Increased regulation of the profession of audiology is recommended to protect the population against exploitative practices and to renew faith in the profession by the public. © 2022 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.
The effect of positively framed and negatively framed messages on televised smoking cessation advertisement success : a systematic review
- James, Michelle, Porter, Joanne, Reimers, Vaughan, Prokopiv, Valerie
- Authors: James, Michelle , Porter, Joanne , Reimers, Vaughan , Prokopiv, Valerie
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Health Research Vol. 37, no. 2 (2023), p. 129-138
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Smoking cessation campaigns aim to decrease the prevalence of smoking in the community. However, smoking cessation campaigns can be expensive to develop and implement, therefore is it essential that campaigns have high impact and broad reach to ensure the most efficient use of resources. Method: A systematic review was conducted in October 2020 to assess the efficacy of positively framed and negatively framed messages used in televised smoking cessation advertisements. The search was restricted to quantitative primary research published between 2010 and 2020, yielding 4640 results. Study selection was performed using the PRISMA method. Population was inclusive of all ages and smoking status. A total of 15 articles met the criteria for review. Results: Negative messages were found to increase the likelihood of a smoker intending to quit, attempting to quit, successfully quitting, or calling a quitline, while some studies found that positive messages increased confidence to quit and calls to quitline. Combination of negative and positive messages were found to complement one another and were more successful at influencing quit behaviour than using either message type alone. However, findings were not consistent across all studies. Conclusion: The results of this review may be used to inform the development of future smoking cessation advertisements to ensure content is relevant, effective, and cost-efficient. Further exploration of the efficacy of positive and negative messages on target populations would be valuable to advise the design of cessation campaigns. © 2023 College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
- Authors: James, Michelle , Porter, Joanne , Reimers, Vaughan , Prokopiv, Valerie
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Health Research Vol. 37, no. 2 (2023), p. 129-138
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Smoking cessation campaigns aim to decrease the prevalence of smoking in the community. However, smoking cessation campaigns can be expensive to develop and implement, therefore is it essential that campaigns have high impact and broad reach to ensure the most efficient use of resources. Method: A systematic review was conducted in October 2020 to assess the efficacy of positively framed and negatively framed messages used in televised smoking cessation advertisements. The search was restricted to quantitative primary research published between 2010 and 2020, yielding 4640 results. Study selection was performed using the PRISMA method. Population was inclusive of all ages and smoking status. A total of 15 articles met the criteria for review. Results: Negative messages were found to increase the likelihood of a smoker intending to quit, attempting to quit, successfully quitting, or calling a quitline, while some studies found that positive messages increased confidence to quit and calls to quitline. Combination of negative and positive messages were found to complement one another and were more successful at influencing quit behaviour than using either message type alone. However, findings were not consistent across all studies. Conclusion: The results of this review may be used to inform the development of future smoking cessation advertisements to ensure content is relevant, effective, and cost-efficient. Further exploration of the efficacy of positive and negative messages on target populations would be valuable to advise the design of cessation campaigns. © 2023 College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
The immune response to nematode infection
- Stear, Michael, Preston, Sarah, Piedrafita, David, Donskow-Łysoniewska, Katarzyna
- Authors: Stear, Michael , Preston, Sarah , Piedrafita, David , Donskow-Łysoniewska, Katarzyna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Nematode infection is a major threat to the health of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Nematodes vary in their effect on the host and in the mechanisms underlying immunity but the general features are becoming clear. There is considerable variation among individuals in resistance to infection and much of this variation is due to genetic variation in the immune response. The major histocompatibility complex has a strong influence on resistance to infection but other genes are collectively more important. Resistant individuals produce more IgA, eosinophils, IgE and mast cells than susceptible individuals and this is a consequence of stronger type 2 (Th2) immune responses. A variety of factors promote Th2 responses including genetic background, diet, molecules produced by the parasite and the location of the infection. A variety of cells and molecules including proteins, glycolipids and RNA act in concert to promote responses and to regulate the response. Nematodes themselves also modulate the host response and over 20 parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules have been identified. Different species of nematodes modulate the immune response in different ways and probably use multiple molecules. The reasons for this are unclear and the interactions among immunomodulators have still to be investigated. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Stear, Michael , Preston, Sarah , Piedrafita, David , Donskow-Łysoniewska, Katarzyna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Nematode infection is a major threat to the health of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Nematodes vary in their effect on the host and in the mechanisms underlying immunity but the general features are becoming clear. There is considerable variation among individuals in resistance to infection and much of this variation is due to genetic variation in the immune response. The major histocompatibility complex has a strong influence on resistance to infection but other genes are collectively more important. Resistant individuals produce more IgA, eosinophils, IgE and mast cells than susceptible individuals and this is a consequence of stronger type 2 (Th2) immune responses. A variety of factors promote Th2 responses including genetic background, diet, molecules produced by the parasite and the location of the infection. A variety of cells and molecules including proteins, glycolipids and RNA act in concert to promote responses and to regulate the response. Nematodes themselves also modulate the host response and over 20 parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules have been identified. Different species of nematodes modulate the immune response in different ways and probably use multiple molecules. The reasons for this are unclear and the interactions among immunomodulators have still to be investigated. © 2023 by the authors.
The impact of COVID-19 on stress and resilience in undergraduate nursing students : a scoping review
- Smith, Graeme, Lam, Louisa, Poon, Sara, Griffiths, Semra, Cross, Wendy, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Watson, Roger
- Authors: Smith, Graeme , Lam, Louisa , Poon, Sara , Griffiths, Semra , Cross, Wendy , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Watson, Roger
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Nurse Education in Practice Vol. 72, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Being a nursing student can be a stressful experience, faced with considerable academic and clinical demands. It has been suggested that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have further exacerbated the pressure nursing students face. It has been posited that resilience, a complex psychological concept, may help nursing students overcome stressful situations. Aims: The aim of this scoping review was to examine the relationship between resilience and stress in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Relevant publications were identified by a comprehensive search of the literature from January 2019 to September 2022 to capture relevant publications during the COVID-19 global pandemic period from the following databases: CINAHL, Medline Complete, APA PsycInfo, Ovid EmCare and Web of Science. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review using Arskey & O'Malley’s (2005) methodological framework for scoping reviews. Results: Our findings suggest that nursing students from all around the world have experienced high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost unanimously, resilience was identified as a key protective factor against stress and the development of psychological morbidity. Those nursing students with higher levels of resilience were deemed more likely to stay on track with their studies, despite COVID-related challenges. Conclusion: In conclusion, this scoping review adds to the well-established argument to incorporate resilience-building activities in undergraduate nursing curricula. Developing levels of resilience has the potential to empower nursing students for academic and clinical success, whilst facing the challenges of an ever-changing world. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
- Porter, Joanne, Dabkowski, Elissa, Ghasemirdekani, Maryam, Barbagallo, Michael, James, Michelle, Prokopiv, Valerie, Wright, Wendy
- Authors: Porter, Joanne , Dabkowski, Elissa , Ghasemirdekani, Maryam , Barbagallo, Michael , James, Michelle , Prokopiv, Valerie , Wright, Wendy
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Reviews on Environmental Health Vol. 38, no. 4 (2023), p. 637-646
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The impact of disasters on individual and community health can be extensive. As such, there exists the need to establish recovery measures that provides support psychologically and with additional mental health services and resilience building for affected people and their communities. Nature-led recovery is one such approach that has the ability to positively impact the mental health of people and their communities after a disaster. Nature-led recovery focuses on the social, economic and environmental recovery through activities that connect people and their communities to nature and the natural environment with the aim to foster recovery after a disaster. Nature-led recovery initiatives support the connection of people with nature and the natural environment to support such recovery processes. This review considers both community and government-led responses pertaining to nature-led recovery. The aim of this review is to systematically explore the literature on the impact of nature-led recovery initiatives on individual and community health following a disaster. Content: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) following a three-step process of planning, conducting and reporting the review. At least three authors reviewed all eligible articles. Summary: There was significant methodological heterogeneity between the sources identified (n=9). A narrative synthesis identified five key themes; A symbol of loss; Nature: the provider; Fostering community connectedness; Spiritual and emotional nourishment; and Regeneration leads to recovery. Outlook: The positive benefits from nature-led recovery initiatives provide an opportunity to promote community connectedness and resilience following a disaster. Further research is needed to explore the implementation and evaluation of these initiatives for community recovery. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
- Eather, Narelle, Wade, Levi, Pankowiak, Aurélie, Eime, Rochelle
- Authors: Eather, Narelle , Wade, Levi , Pankowiak, Aurélie , Eime, Rochelle
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Systematic Reviews Vol. 12, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Sport is a subset of physical activity that can be particularly beneficial for short-and-long-term physical and mental health, and social outcomes in adults. This study presents the results of an updated systematic review of the mental health and social outcomes of community and elite-level sport participation for adults. The findings have informed the development of the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched, with studies published between 2012 and March 2020 screened for inclusion. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies reported on the relationship between sport participation and mental health and/or social outcomes in adult populations. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool (quantitative studies) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative studies). Results: The search strategy located 8528 articles, of which, 29 involving adults 18–84 years were included for analysis. Data was extracted for demographics, methodology, and study outcomes, and results presented according to study design. The evidence indicates that participation in sport (community and elite) is related to better mental health, including improved psychological well-being (for example, higher self-esteem and life satisfaction) and lower psychological ill-being (for example, reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress), and improved social outcomes (for example, improved self-control, pro-social behavior, interpersonal communication, and fostering a sense of belonging). Overall, adults participating in team sport had more favorable health outcomes than those participating in individual sport, and those participating in sports more often generally report the greatest benefits; however, some evidence suggests that adults in elite sport may experience higher levels of psychological distress. Low ROB was observed for qualitative studies, but quantitative studies demonstrated inconsistencies in methodological quality. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that participation in sport of any form (team or individual) is beneficial for improving mental health and social outcomes amongst adults. Team sports, however, may provide more potent and additional benefits for mental and social outcomes across adulthood. This review also provides preliminary evidence for the Mental Health through Sport model, though further experimental and longitudinal evidence is needed to establish the mechanisms responsible for sports effect on mental health and moderators of intervention effects. Additional qualitative work is also required to gain a better understanding of the relationship between specific elements of the sporting environment and mental health and social outcomes in adult participants. © 2023, The Author(s).
The lithium-ion battery recycling process from a circular economy perspective—a review and future directions
- Sheth, Rahil, Ranawat, Narendra, Chakraborty, Ayon, Mishra, Rajesh, Khandelwal, Manoj
- Authors: Sheth, Rahil , Ranawat, Narendra , Chakraborty, Ayon , Mishra, Rajesh , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 7 (2023), p.
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- Description: Ever since the introduction of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the 1970s, their demand has increased exponentially with their applications in electric vehicles, smartphones, and energy storage systems. To cope with the increase in demand and the ensuing environmental effects of excessive mining activities and waste production, it becomes crucial to explore ways of manufacturing LIBs from the resources that have already been extracted from nature. It is possible by promoting the re-usage, refurbishing, and recycling of the batteries and their constituent components, rethinking the fundamental design of devices using these batteries, and introducing the circular economy model in the battery industry. This paper through a literature review provides the current state of CE adoption in the lithium-ion battery industry. The review suggests that the focus is mostly on recycling at this moment in the battery industry, and a further understanding of the process is needed to better adapt to other CE practices such as reuse, remanufacture, refurbishment, etc. The paper also provides the steps involved in the recycling process and, through secondary case studies, shows how some of the industries are currently approaching battery recycling. Thus, this paper, through review and secondary cases, helps us to understand the current state of LIB recycling and CE adoption. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Sheth, Rahil , Ranawat, Narendra , Chakraborty, Ayon , Mishra, Rajesh , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 7 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ever since the introduction of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the 1970s, their demand has increased exponentially with their applications in electric vehicles, smartphones, and energy storage systems. To cope with the increase in demand and the ensuing environmental effects of excessive mining activities and waste production, it becomes crucial to explore ways of manufacturing LIBs from the resources that have already been extracted from nature. It is possible by promoting the re-usage, refurbishing, and recycling of the batteries and their constituent components, rethinking the fundamental design of devices using these batteries, and introducing the circular economy model in the battery industry. This paper through a literature review provides the current state of CE adoption in the lithium-ion battery industry. The review suggests that the focus is mostly on recycling at this moment in the battery industry, and a further understanding of the process is needed to better adapt to other CE practices such as reuse, remanufacture, refurbishment, etc. The paper also provides the steps involved in the recycling process and, through secondary case studies, shows how some of the industries are currently approaching battery recycling. Thus, this paper, through review and secondary cases, helps us to understand the current state of LIB recycling and CE adoption. © 2023 by the authors.
Tryptophan and substance abuse : mechanisms and impact
- Davidson, Majid, Rashidi, Niloufar, Hossain, Md Kamal, Raza, Ali, Nurgali, Kulmira, Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Authors: Davidson, Majid , Rashidi, Niloufar , Hossain, Md Kamal , Raza, Ali , Nurgali, Kulmira , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p.
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- Description: Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and motivation. Addictive substances (alcohol, marijuana, caffeine, heroin, methamphetamine (METH), and nicotine) are highly active central nervous stimulants. Addiction leads to severe health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, serious infections, and pulmonary/dental diseases. Drug dependence may result in unfavorable cognitive impairments that can continue during abstinence and negatively influence recovery performance. Although addiction is a critical global health challenge with numerous consequences and complications, currently, there are no efficient options for treating drug addiction, particularly METH. Currently, novel treatment approaches such as psychological contingency management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement strategies are of great interest. Herein, we evaluate the devastating impacts of different addictive substances/drugs on users′ mental health and the role of tryptophan in alleviating unfavorable side effects. The tryptophan metabolites in the mammalian brain and their potential to treat compulsive abuse of addictive substances are investigated by assessing the functional effects of addictive substances on tryptophan. Future perspectives on developing promising modalities to treat addiction and the role of tryptophan and its metabolites to alleviate drug dependency are discussed. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Davidson, Majid , Rashidi, Niloufar , Hossain, Md Kamal , Raza, Ali , Nurgali, Kulmira , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and motivation. Addictive substances (alcohol, marijuana, caffeine, heroin, methamphetamine (METH), and nicotine) are highly active central nervous stimulants. Addiction leads to severe health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, serious infections, and pulmonary/dental diseases. Drug dependence may result in unfavorable cognitive impairments that can continue during abstinence and negatively influence recovery performance. Although addiction is a critical global health challenge with numerous consequences and complications, currently, there are no efficient options for treating drug addiction, particularly METH. Currently, novel treatment approaches such as psychological contingency management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement strategies are of great interest. Herein, we evaluate the devastating impacts of different addictive substances/drugs on users′ mental health and the role of tryptophan in alleviating unfavorable side effects. The tryptophan metabolites in the mammalian brain and their potential to treat compulsive abuse of addictive substances are investigated by assessing the functional effects of addictive substances on tryptophan. Future perspectives on developing promising modalities to treat addiction and the role of tryptophan and its metabolites to alleviate drug dependency are discussed. © 2023 by the authors.
Valuing ecosystem services provided by land commons in India: implications for research and policy
- Sandhu, Harpinder, Zhang, Wei, Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, ElDidi, Hagar, Perveen, Saiqa, Sharma, Janvi, Kaur, Japneet, Priyadarshini, Pratiti
- Authors: Sandhu, Harpinder , Zhang, Wei , Meinzen-Dick, Ruth , ElDidi, Hagar , Perveen, Saiqa , Sharma, Janvi , Kaur, Japneet , Priyadarshini, Pratiti
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Environmental Research Letters Vol. 18, no. 1 (2023), p.
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- Description: Commons provide many ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of billions around the world. However, their contribution to people and the economy are rarely estimated in economic terms. Here, we estimate the economic contribution of the land-based commons in India, which cover 66.5 million hectares. We conducted a systematic literature review of publications between 1990 and 2020 and selected 161 peer-reviewed studies to develop an ecosystem services valuation database for India. We identified 34 ecosystem services from this database. We estimate that forest commons provide ecosystem services worth $2108 ha
- Authors: Sandhu, Harpinder , Zhang, Wei , Meinzen-Dick, Ruth , ElDidi, Hagar , Perveen, Saiqa , Sharma, Janvi , Kaur, Japneet , Priyadarshini, Pratiti
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Environmental Research Letters Vol. 18, no. 1 (2023), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Commons provide many ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of billions around the world. However, their contribution to people and the economy are rarely estimated in economic terms. Here, we estimate the economic contribution of the land-based commons in India, which cover 66.5 million hectares. We conducted a systematic literature review of publications between 1990 and 2020 and selected 161 peer-reviewed studies to develop an ecosystem services valuation database for India. We identified 34 ecosystem services from this database. We estimate that forest commons provide ecosystem services worth $2108 ha
Violence by burning against women and girls : an integrative review
- Kornhaber, Rachel, Pan, Raquel, Cleary, Michelle, Hungerford, Catherine, Malic, Claudia
- Authors: Kornhaber, Rachel , Pan, Raquel , Cleary, Michelle , Hungerford, Catherine , Malic, Claudia
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Trauma, Violence, and Abuse Vol. 24, no. 2 (2023), p. 1063-1077
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- Description: Violence against women and girls by burning is a serious and confronting form of gender-based violence. Often, perpetrators aim to disfigure their victims or cause great pain, rather than kill them. Little is known about the characteristics of females who are subjected to violence by burning. This study aimed to review the literature concerning the prevalence, demographic profile, injury event, contributing factors and health outcomes for women and girls who have experienced burn-related violence. A search across five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and LILACS) was conducted up to April 2021 to identify original peer-review research, with a focus on violence by burning against women and girls. The review was guided by the five-stage approach to integrative reviews developed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Fifteen studies were identified. Victims were predominantly married, with low socio-economic status, limited education, and high emotional and financial dependency on their partners or families. Burn injuries were mostly caused by flame or acid, with significant morbidity or high mortality. Motives included family/marital issues or property/financial disputes. This review identified the limited evidence available in the peer-reviewed literature related to burn-related violence against women and girls worldwide. Findings suggest the need for further research to provide a clearer understanding of the complex issues involved. © The Author(s) 2021.
Virtual care initiatives for older adults in Australia : scoping review
- Savira, Feby, Gupta, Adyya, Gilbert, Cecily, Huggins, Catherine, Browning, Colette, Chapman, Wendy, Haines, Terry, Peeters, Anna
- Authors: Savira, Feby , Gupta, Adyya , Gilbert, Cecily , Huggins, Catherine , Browning, Colette , Chapman, Wendy , Haines, Terry , Peeters, Anna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Medical Internet Research Vol. 25, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: Background: There has been a rapid shift toward the adoption of virtual health care services in Australia. It is unknown how widely virtual care has been implemented or evaluated for the care of older adults in Australia. Objective: We aimed to review the literature evaluating virtual care initiatives for older adults across a wide range of health conditions and modalities and identify key challenges and opportunities for wider adoption at both patient and system levels in Australia. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, and gray literature (January 1, 2011, to March 8, 2021) to identify virtual care initiatives for older Australians (aged
- Authors: Savira, Feby , Gupta, Adyya , Gilbert, Cecily , Huggins, Catherine , Browning, Colette , Chapman, Wendy , Haines, Terry , Peeters, Anna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Medical Internet Research Vol. 25, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: There has been a rapid shift toward the adoption of virtual health care services in Australia. It is unknown how widely virtual care has been implemented or evaluated for the care of older adults in Australia. Objective: We aimed to review the literature evaluating virtual care initiatives for older adults across a wide range of health conditions and modalities and identify key challenges and opportunities for wider adoption at both patient and system levels in Australia. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, and gray literature (January 1, 2011, to March 8, 2021) to identify virtual care initiatives for older Australians (aged
Wearable technology in the sports medicine clinic to guide the return-to-play and performance protocols of athletes following a COVID-19 diagnosis
- Seshadri, Dhruv, Harlow, Ethan, Thom, Mitchell, Emery, Michael, Phelan, Dermot, Hsu, Jeffrey, Düking, Peter, De Mey, Kristof, Sheehan, Joseph, Geletka, Benjamin, Flannery, Robert, Calcei, Jacob, Karns, Michael, Salata, Michael, Gabbett, Tim, Voos, James
- Authors: Seshadri, Dhruv , Harlow, Ethan , Thom, Mitchell , Emery, Michael , Phelan, Dermot , Hsu, Jeffrey , Düking, Peter , De Mey, Kristof , Sheehan, Joseph , Geletka, Benjamin , Flannery, Robert , Calcei, Jacob , Karns, Michael , Salata, Michael , Gabbett, Tim , Voos, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Digital Health Vol. 9, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages. © The Author(s) 2023.
- Authors: Seshadri, Dhruv , Harlow, Ethan , Thom, Mitchell , Emery, Michael , Phelan, Dermot , Hsu, Jeffrey , Düking, Peter , De Mey, Kristof , Sheehan, Joseph , Geletka, Benjamin , Flannery, Robert , Calcei, Jacob , Karns, Michael , Salata, Michael , Gabbett, Tim , Voos, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Digital Health Vol. 9, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages. © The Author(s) 2023.
- Johnson, Joel, Broszczak, Daniel, Mani, Janice, Anesi, Jack, Naiker, Mani
- Authors: Johnson, Joel , Broszczak, Daniel , Mani, Janice , Anesi, Jack , Naiker, Mani
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 74, no. 4 (2022), p. 485-502
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The pathophysiology of chronic wounds typically involves redox imbalance and inflammation pathway dysregulation, often with concomitant microbial infection. Endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione and tocopherols are notably reduced or absent, indicative of significant oxidative imbalance. However, emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols could be effective agents for the amelioration of this condition. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding redox imbalance in the chronic wound environment and the potential use of polyphenols for the treatment of chronic wounds. Key findings: Polyphenols provide a multi-faceted approach towards the treatment of chronic wounds. Firstly, their antioxidant activity allows direct neutralisation of harmful free radicals and reactive oxygen species, assisting in restoring redox balance. Upregulation of pro-healing and anti-inflammatory gene pathways and enzymes by specific polyphenols further acts to reduce redox imbalance and promote wound healing actions, such as proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, many polyphenols possess antimicrobial activity, which can be beneficial for preventing or resolving infection of the wound site. Summary: Exploration of this diverse group of natural compounds may yield effective and economical options for the prevention or treatment of chronic wounds. © 2021 The Author(s).