- Title
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in paediatric meningitis patients at Goroka General Hospital, Papua New Guinea : Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in the pre-vaccine era
- Creator
- Greenhill, Andrew; Phuanukoonnon, Suparat; Michael, Audrey; Yoannes, Mition; Orami, Tilda; Smith, Helen; Murphy, Denise; Blyth, Christopher; Reeder, John; Siba, Peter; Pomat, William; Lehmann, Deborah
- Date
- 2015
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/98831
- Identifier
- vital:10295
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1197-0
- Identifier
- ISSN:1471-2334
- Abstract
- Background: Bacterial meningitis remains an important infection globally, with the greatest burden in children in low-income settings, including Papua New Guinea (PNG). We present serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcome data from paediatric meningitis patients prior to introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in PNG, providing a baseline for evaluation of immunisation programs. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children admitted to Goroka General Hospital with suspected meningitis between 1996 and 2005. Culture and sensitivity was conducted, and pneumococci and H. influenzae were serotyped. Laboratory findings were linked to clinical outcomes. Results: We enrolled 1884 children. A recognised pathogen was identified in 375 children (19.9%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 180) and Hib (n = 153) accounted for 88.8% of pathogens isolated. 24 different pneumococcal serogroups were identified; non-PCV types 2, 24 and 46 accounted for 31.6% of pneumococcal meningitis. 10- and 13-valent PCVs would cover 44.1% and 45.4% of pneumococcal meningitis respectively. Pneumococcal isolates were commonly resistant to penicillin (21.5%) and 23% of Hib isolates were simultaneously resistant to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol. The case fatality rate in patients with a recognised bacterial pathogen was 13.4% compared to 8.5% in culture-negative patients. Conclusions: If implemented in routine expanded programme of immunisation (EPI) with high coverage, current PCVs could prevent almost half of pneumococcal meningitis cases. Given the diversity of circulating serotypes in PNG serotype replacement is of concern. Ongoing surveillance is imperative to monitor the impact of vaccines. In the longer term vaccines providing broader protection against pneumococcal meningitis will be needed. © 2015 Greenhill et al.
- Publisher
- BioMed Central Ltd.
- Relation
- BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 15, no. 485 (2015), p. 1-8
- Rights
- Copyright © 2015 Greenhill et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
- Rights
- Open Access
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- 0605 Microbiology; 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1108 Medical Microbiology; Low-income; Meningitis; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
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